Peri-implantitis is one of the most common biological complications after implant restoration which is difficult to be cured. Early and correct diagnosis is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis. Although there have been consensus reports to make guiding suggestions in diagnosis, the diagnostic criteria are not uniform, resulting in many confusions. This review summarizes published consensuses on the diagnosis of peri-implantitis, analyzes the diagnostic values and limitations of traditional examination methods, and summarizes the recent advances in examination methods for peri-implant soft and hard tissues, aiming to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis of peri-implantitis.

The gut microbiota is a vast microbial ecosystem,specifically present in the organism and plays an important regulatory role in the body's health or disease state together with its metabolites.After spinal cord injury,the complex pathophysiology at the site of trauma makes axonal regeneration difficult,and the autonomic motor dysfunction induced by spinal cord injury disrupts gastrointestinal function and causes gut microbiota imbalance.The previous clinical outcomes of neurorepair strategies after spinal cord injury have not been ideal.The dysregulated gut microbiota and neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury are closely associated with the prognosis of the patients.The potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence the neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury may include the activation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue and disruption of the intestinal barrier by the imbalanced microbiota,and gut microbiota and its metabolites such as lipopolysaccharides(LPS),short chain fatty acids(SCFAs),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and tryptophan,as well as immune cells,inflammatory factors,and neurotransmitters the local inflammatory response in the spinal cord through the circulatory system.This paper revews the studies on the changes in gut microbiota after spinal cord injury and their effects on the spinal cord neuroinflammation,providing new targets and new ideas for improving the neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury.

Patients with spinal cord injury is associated with seriously affected gastrointestinal function and imbalance of intestinal flora, leading to increased inflammation of spinal cord nerves. With the proposal of the theory of gut microbiota-gut-brain axis in recent years, the regulatory role of gut microbiota in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal system has gradually attracted attention. Although a considerable number of studies have focused on the effects of intestinal flora characteristics on spinal cord nerve function repair in patients with spinal cord injury from different perspectives, there are numerous research models for treating spinal cord injury with intestinal flora as intervention targets and remains a lack of unified and effective clinical treatment methods. In this paper, the authors review the research progress in characteristics of intestinal microflora and intestinal microflora-targeted therapeutic methods in patients with spinal cord injury, hoping to provide a reference for the clinical treatment and basic research of spinal cord injury.

Acupuncture can improve the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and the effect of acupuncture combined with drug therapy is better than that of drug therapy alone. The possible mechanism includes inhibiting α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, inhibiting the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons, and achieving a neuroprotective effect. The points mainly selected for Acupuncture treatment for this disease are Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Taichong (LR 3), Xuehai (SP 10), and other points. Early use of acupuncture and acupuncture combined with medical treatment strategy is worthy of clinical application.

Objective: To analyze the composition and richness of intestinal microflora in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the role of which in pathogenesis of NAFLD. Methods: This was a prospective case-control study. From November 2015 to June 2017, 19 children diagnosed with NAFLD according to the 2010 edition of diagnostic criteria were enrolled voluntarily in the Second and First Affiliated Hospitals of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University. Twenty-two healthy children were enrolled in the control group. Among the patients, 10 were males and 9 were females, at the mean age of (11.0±1.0) years; 10 males and 12 females in the control group, at the mean age of (9.0±1.2) years. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were recorded, and the fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were detected. Feces were collected and the fecal microorganisms were extracted with magnetic beads methods; the composition and the richness of intestinal microflora in the two groups were detected with 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing technology. The KO differential gene expression and KEGG signal pathway enrichment were analyzed with PICRUST software. The intestinal flora characteristics between the two groups were compared with t test or Mann-Whitney U test and Willcoxon W test. Results: The BMI, waist circumference and triglyceride were higher in NAFLD group than those in the control group (BMI (25.1±2.7) vs. (18.2±1.5)kg/m², t=9.912, P=0.000; waist circumference (88.6±6.6) vs. (71.5±6.3) cm, t=8.520, P=0.000; triglyceride (0.9±0.4) vs.(0.7±0.3)mmol/L, t=2.060, P=0.046). The abundance and diversity index of intestinal microflora were lower in the NAFLD group (Shannon index 3.99 (3.13, 4.54) vs. 4.63 (4.21, 4.81), Z=-2.065, P=0.039; Simpson index 0.85 (0.70, 0.89) vs. 0.90 (0.88, 0.93), Z=-2.431, P=0.015; ACE index 235.76 (205.26, 361.94) vs. 326.96 (275.34, 368.65), Z=-2.092, P=0.036). At the level of phylum, the proportion of Actinomycetes was lower and the proportion of Thermus was higher in NAFLD group (Actinobacteri 29.807 (14.723, 62.080) ×10^-3 vs. 63.212 (46.133, 172.071) ×10^-3, Z=-2.667, P=0.008; Thermus 0.033 (0.000, 0.226) ×10^-3 vs. 0.000 (0.000, 0.031) ×10^-3, Z=-2.729, P=0.006) . At the level of genus, the proportion of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium in the NAFLD group were significantly lower (Bacteroides 78.757 (11.430, 151.621) ×10^-3 vs. 356.821 (161.049, 403.037) ×10^-3, Z=-2.771, P=0.006; Bifidobacterium 19.680 (6.181, 53.944) ×10^-3 vs. 54.721 (31.911, 146.410) ×10^-3, Z=-2.458, P=0.014); the proportion of Prevotella in NAFLD group was significantly higher (3.089 (0.165, 63.502) ×10^-3 vs. 0.432 (0.029, 2.257) ×10^-3, Z=-2.112, P=0.035). Based on the KEGG database, 78 differentially expressed genes and 26 differential metabolic pathways were found, among which the function genes of K01470, K01961 and K07258 were concentrated in the pathways of arginine and proline metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and polysaccharides biosynthesis and metabolism. Besides, these three function genes were related to Bacteroides, Prevotella, Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus. Conclusion NAFLD children have intestinal flora disturbances in both diversity and abundance, which may alter lipid metabolic pathways through differential gene expressions, contributing to the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of CT scan in the outcome of renal function after decompression procedures in patients with acute obstructive renal failure.Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical information of 76 patients with acute obstructive renal failure between January 2012 and August 2017 was performed.Clinical information included age,cause of obstruction,type of decompression procedures,total renal area and dominant side renal area measured by CT scan,serum creatinine(SCr) level before operation,SCr level in 3 months after decompression.Patients were divided into 2 groups according to creatinine clearance rate (CCr) in 3 months after decompression,including normal renal function group (26 cases,CCr ≥50 ml/min) and decompensated renal function group (50 cases,CCr ＜ 50 ml/min).The CCr of normal renal function group was (65.3 ± 12.8)ml/min,while the decompensated renal function group was (28.9 ± 11.9)ml/min.The average age of normal renal function group was 48.3 years old,the median value of serum creatinine before operation was 633μmol/L,while the average age of decompensated group was 63.8 years old,the median value of preoperative creatinine was 583 μmol/L.Renal area was measured in CT scan image which was performed when acute obstructive renal failure was diagnosed.Univariate analysis and logistic regression multivariate analysis was used to analyze these parameters.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the performance of CT scan for renal function prediction.Results There were significant differences in the renal area between the normal renal function and decompensated renal function group,the total renal area were (3 765.5 ± 628.6) mm2 (range 2 375.3-4 853.6 mm2) and (2 493.0 ± 830.6) mm2 (range 476.9-4 225.1 mm2) respectively (P ＜ 0.001),while the dominant side renal area were (2 283.5 ± 430.2) mm2 (range 1 654.6-3 383.3 mm2) and (1 655.5 ± 496.2) mm2 (range 476.94-2 816.0 mm2) respectively (P ＜ 0.001).The integration area under the ROC curve of the total renal area to predict the outcome of renal function was 0.89.Conclusions The renal area measured in CT scan image might be useful for the early prediction of renal function outcome in patients with acute obstructive renal failure.

Objective To analyze the carbetocin combined with oxytocin for prevention of bleeding after artificial abortion .Methods 110 cases of pregnant women undergoing artificial abortion were randomly divided into observation group and control group.Observation group were treated with carbetocin combined with oxytocin treatment, the control group were treated by oxytocin treatment, the negative blood loss, menstrual recovery changes and curative effect in two groups of patients were compared.Results The total efficiency of the observation group was 96.36%, was significantly higher than the control group 78.18%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the 24h negative bleeding volume, vaginal bleeding time, menstruation time, first menstrual duration in the observation group were lower than those in control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The vaginal bleeding time less than 7d in observation group of patients accounted for 30.91%, was significantly higher than the control group 18.18%; the time of vaginal bleeding >14d accounted for 3.64%, significantly lower than the control group 21.82%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The vaginal bloodmenstrual volume accounted for more than 9.09%, was lower than 32.73%in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The sex hormone in two groups of patients before and after the treatment had no significant difference.The progesterone level in observation group was lower than the control group, estradiol level was higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the adverse reaction rate in control group was 12.73% compared with 7.27% in the observation group, the difference was no statistically significant.Conclusion The abortion patients after treated with carbetocin combined with oxytocin treatment can reduce the amount of vaginal bleeding, shorten the bleeding time and menstrual recovery time, safe and reliable curative effect.

Objective To investigate genotyps of Treponema pallidum (Tp) in several cities in Guangxi province. Methods A total of 300 patients with suspected early syphilis were enrolled from STD clinics in Guangxi between January 2012 and July 2016, and tissue fluid samples were collected from skin lesions. Silver staining was performed to detect Tp, and PCR to amplify the Tp polA gene for the diagnosis of early syphilis. Positive samples were subjected to PCR amplification of a 60-bp tandem repeat region within the arp gene, restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)analysis of the tpr Ⅱgene after digestion with Mse Ⅰ enzyme and tp0548 genotyping. Results Finally, 215 patients were diagnosed with early syphilis, including 210(97.7%)patients positive for PCR and 105(48.8%)patients positive for silver staining, and the positive rate significantly differed between the two methods (χ2 = 103.01, P < 0.05). Among the PCR-positive samples, 190 could be genotyped by analysis of three target genes, and 17 genotypes were identified. The genotype 14d/f was predominant (45.3%, 86/190), followed by 15d/f (13.7%, 26/190), 16d/f(11.6%, 22/190), 17d/f(7.4%, 14/190), 13d/f(6.8%, 13/190), 10d/f(4.2%, 8/190), 18d/f(1.6%, 3/190), 16a/f(1.6%, 3/190), 5d/f(1.1%, 2/190), 7d/f(1.1%, 2/190), 12d/f(1.1%, 2/190), 16d/e(1.1%, 2/190), 14a/f(1.1%, 2/190), 9h/c(1.1%, 2/190), 15l/f(0.5%, 1/190), 25a/e(0.5%, 1/190), 15i/f(0.5%, 1/190). Conclusion Tp genotypes are diversified in patients with early syphilis in Guangxi, and the genotype 14 d/f is predominant.

Background Carbachol solution (0.01％) is an agonist of M cholinoceptor and skeletal muscle N cholinoceptor,and it is used to play miotic effect and open peripheral iridectomic hole during the surgery of implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation in order to lower intraocular pressure (IOP).However,the anterior chamber injection of 0.01％ carbachol solution often causes relevant complications,while whether lower dose of carbachol solution is effective and safe is unclear.Objective This study was to compare the effectiveness and safety between 0.01％ carbachol solution and 0.005％ carbachol solution after anterior chamber injection during the ICL implantation.Methods One hundred and fifty-two eyes of 76 cataract patients were included in Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University from September 2014 to September 2015.ICL implantation and periphery iridectomy were carried out on both eyes of the patients and the 0.01％ carbachol solution was injected into the anterior chamber during the surgery of the right eyes and 0.01％ carbachol solution was used in the left eyes.The operation duration and IOP at postoperative 2 hours and systemic choline-like reaction were compared between 0.01％ carbachol solution group and 0.005％ carbachol solution group.Results The mean operation duration was (11.86± 2.39) minutes and (11.22 ± 1.85) minutes in the 0.01％ carbachol group and 0.005％ carbachol group,without significant difference between two groups (t =1.851,P =0.066).IOP was (15.76 ± 2.18) mmHg and (13.58 ±2.24)mmHg in the 0.01％ carbachol group before and after surgery,and those in the 0.005％ carbachol group was (15.70±2.35)mmHg and (13.12±2.17)mmHg,there was no significant difference in the IOP between the two concentrations of carbachol (Fsroup =0.986,P=O.322).The IOP at postoperative 2 hours was lower than that before operation,the difference was statistically significant(Ftime =97.339,P =0.000).There was no interaction between drug concentration and time (Fcorrelation =0.772,P =0.381).The incidences of complications,such as dizziness,nausea and vomiting,were lower in the 0.005％ carbachol group than those in the 0.01％ carbachol group (x2 =13.01,5.16,4.03,all at P＜0.05).Conclusions Carbachol solution (0.005％) can play intraoperative miosis effect and maintain effective operation duration in ICL implantation.In addition,the application of 0.005％ carbachol solution is quite safe in both intraoperation and postoperation.

Objective To describe the phenotype of NK cells in Bama miniature pigs, and establish an efficient activation and culture method for porcine cytokine-induced killer ( CIK) cells in vitro. Methods The porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) were isolated by Percoll gradient centrifugation, and the phenotype of NK cells was test-ed by detecting the CD2 + /CD8 + /CD3 - cell compartment. To establish an efficient activation and culture method for por-cine CIK cells, we optimized the culture conditions to improve the CIK activation efficiency. Results Using the optimized induction culture conditions, the ratio of CIK ( CD2 + /CD8 + /CD3 -) cells was up to 43. 63% at the fifth day, approxi-mately 5. 59 times increased compared with the initially separated PBMCs. Cell proliferation experiments showed that three obvious fluorescence peaks were observed on the fifth day. The results indicated that the induced CIK cells underwent three times cell division, in theory, about increased 8-fold compared with the initial separation of PBMCs. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR result of the surface markers of porcine NK cells also showed a similar variation tendency as the flow cytometry results. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the successful establishment of an efficient activation and culture method for porcine CIK cells in vitro.