This study investigated the role of the nuclear factor of activated T cells c3 (NFATc3) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) progression and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cytoplasmic and nuclear NFATc3 levels were elevated in human and mouse AAD. VSMC-NFATc3 deletion reduced thoracic AAD (TAAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression in mice, contrary to VSMC-NFATc3 overexpression. VSMC-NFATc3 deletion reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and maintained the VSMC contractile phenotype. Nuclear NFATc3 targeted and transcriptionally upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and MMP2, promoting ECM degradation and AAD development. NFATc3 promoted VSMC phenotypic switching by binding to eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) and inhibiting its phosphorylation in the VSMC cytoplasm. Restoring eEF2 reversed the beneficial effects in VSMC-specific NFATc3-knockout mice. Cabamiquine-targets eEF2 and inhibits protein synthesis-inhibited AAD development and progression in VSMC-NFATc3-overexpressing mice. VSMC-NFATc3 promoted VSMC switch and ECM degradation while exacerbating AAD development, making it a novel potential therapeutic target for preventing and treating AAD.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is intricately linked to the most severe clinical manifestations of brain damage. It encompasses dynamic pathological mechanisms, including hemodynamic disorders, excitotoxic injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and neuronal death. This review provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of biomaterial-based tissue engineering scaffolds and nano-drug delivery systems. As an example of functionalized biomaterials, nano-drug delivery systems alter the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. They provide multiple targeting strategies relying on factors such as morphology and scale, magnetic fields, pH, photosensitivity, and enzymes to facilitate the transport of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier and to promote selective accumulation at the injury site. Furthermore, therapeutic agents can be incorporated into bioscaffolds to interact with the biochemical and biophysical environment of the brain. Bioscaffolds can mimic the extracellular matrix environment, regulate cellular interactions, and increase the effectiveness of local treatments following surgical interventions. Additionally, stem cell-based and exosome-dominated extracellular vesicle carriers exhibit high bioreactivity and low immunogenicity and can be used to design therapeutic agents with high bioactivity. This review also examines the utilization of endogenous bioactive materials in the treatment of TBI.

Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are two types of parasites that can cause intestinal infections in humans. Patients can be transmitted through the ingestion of food and drinking water contaminated with cysts, and present symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea after infection. If Entamoeba histolytica infection is not actively and effectively treated, patients may also present with clinical manifestations such as purulent and bloody stools and colonic ulcers. This study reports a diarrhea case with concurrent infection of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. During the diagnostic process, the parasites were rapidly detected using the direct saline smear method. Subsequently, iodine staining and iron hematoxylin staining techniques were employed to meticulously observe the internal structures and morphological features of the parasites under a microscope, enabling successful identification of the parasite species. The diagnostic process in this case suggests that laboratory personnel should further enhance their ability to recognize the morphological characteristics of cysts and trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia, providing an effective basis for the clinical differential diagnosis between Entamoeba histolytica infection and ulcerative colitis.

Objective: To analyze serological and molecular characteristics of asymptomatic HBV infection in HBV surface antigen positive (HBsAg+) blood donors from Dalian. Methods: The prevalence of HBsAg was analyzed among blood donors in Dalian between 2013 and 2022. Randomly selected HBsAg+ blood samples were subjected to HBV serological testing, HBV viral DNA quantification, and HBV genotyping. Results: Over this ten-year period, the prevalence of HBsAg decreased from 1.25% to 0.50% among blood donors in Dalian. Donors who tested positive for HBsAg prior to donation using a rapid test (RT) accounted for 92.5% of all HBsAg+ donors identified. A total of 240 confirmed HBsAg+ blood donors were randomly selected, including 125 donors with positive results and 115 with negative results in the pre-donation rapid test. HBsAg+ donors were mainly males (71.2%), with a median age of 42, and 97.5% of them being first-time donors. Based on HBV serological profiles, three stages of infection were identified: early infection (2.9%), suspected acute hepatitis (0.8%), and chronic infection (96.3%). The dominant HBV genotypes were C (68.9%) and B (28.4%). Among chronic HBV infection individuals, donors infected with HBV genotype B were older than those infected with genotype C (median age: 45y vs 38.5y, P<0.05). Additionally, they showed significantly lower HBsAg levels with a narrower distribution range than those infected with genotype C [median: 23.2 IU/mL (range: <0.05-7 910 IU/mL) vs 968 IU/mL (range: <0.05-3.4×10 ), P<0.05]. However, no significant difference was observed in the HBV DNA loads between these two genotypes (P>0.05). Conclusion: Between 2013 and 2022, the prevalence of HBsAg among blood donors in Dalian showed a year-over-year decline. Chronic infection was predominant among HBsAg+ first-time blood donors. The characteristics of chronic infection in blood donors differed significantly depending on the viral genotype, manifesting as differences in age of infected individuals and HBsAg level distribution.

OBJECTIVE To observe the efficacy of cetrorelix combined with aspirin in preventing early-onset ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome （OHSS）. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 38 early-onset OHSS patients， who received treatment in our hospital from January 1st to July 1st， 2022. These patients were divided into intervention group （19 cases） and control group （19 cases） according to the therapy regimen. On the first day after oocyte retrieval surgery， the control group was given aspirin enteric-coated tablets 100 mg orally until menstruation began. The intervention group was given cetrorelix for injection 0.25 mg subcutaneously， for consecutive 3 days+aspirin enteric-coated tablets （same usage and dosage as the control group）. The first luteal phase， the degree of OHSS， and the ovarian volume， ascites volume， serum estradiol （E2）， white blood cell count （WBC）， hematocrit （HCT）， neutrophil ratio （NEUT%）， D-dimer （DD）， prothrombin time （PT）， fibrinogen （Fib） after oocyte retrieval surgery were observed and measured in 2 groups. RESULTS The first luteal phase was significantly shorter， and the proportions of median and severe OHSS cases were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After oocyte retrieval surgery， the intervention group showed significantly lower ovarian volume， ascites volume， serum E2， WBC， NEUT%， HCT， DD and Fib compared to the control group， but PT of intervention group was signiticantly higher than that of control group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Cetrorelix combined with aspirin is more effective in preventing early-onset OHSS than aspirin alone.

Objective To study the distribution and trend of HIV-1 drug resistance mutation in Dalian blood donors be-tween 2011 and 2020.Methods The protease-reverse transcriptase(PR-RT)region was sequenced in Dalian blood donors tested HIV-1 positive between 2011 and 2020.Drug resistance mutation(DRM)rate and level of resistance to selected drugs were analyzed by the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.Results DRM were detected in 17.2%(30/174)of samples,while transmitted drug resistance(TDR)was5.7%(10/174).Between2011 and2020,DRM and TDR rates in-creased significantly in 2019 and reached their highest levels in 2020(44.4%and 22.2%,respectively).DRM carriage was associated with people with college degree or above and with local residents(P<0.05).NNRTI DRMs were the most fre-quently detected(12.6%,22/174),followed by PIs(5.7%,10/174),with V179D/E/T and M46I being the main DRMs detected.Only one HIV-1strain(0.57%,1/174)carried a NRTI DRM(L74I).The overall rate of predicted high level re-sistance to antiretroviral drugs was 6.9%(12/174),with the highest proportion of NNRTI resistance(83.3%,10/12).Two samples were classified as highly resistant to EFV and NVP,accounting for 1.1%(2/174).CRF55_01B strains showed a significantly higher DRM rate than strains of other HIV-1 genotypes(P<0.05).Conclusion Between 2011 and 2020,the rate of HIV-1 DRMs in blood donors in Dalian showed a significant upward trend,particularly in 2019-2020,with NNRTI resistance being the most common.The combination of DRMs detection before and after implementation of ART un-der the latest national ART treatment plan would improve the effectiveness of HIV-1 prevention and control locally.

Pathogenesis and treatment methods of qi-ying fen transformation in warm diseases are explored.It is believed that warm diseases are caused by yang pathogenic factors and are most likely to damage the organs and body fluids.Body fluids,as important components of human body's healthy qi,are usually present in the lungs as lung fluids,in the stomach as stomach fluids,in the intes-tines as intestinal fluids,and in blood vessels as nutrient yin.During the transformation from qi fen syndrome to ying fen syndrome,vis-ceral parenchymal damage acts as its important pathological mechanism and fluid depletion in blood vessels is an important reason for exacerbating qi-ying fen transformation.Excessive fire-toxicity,as an initial factor,promotes qi-ying fen transformation.Fluid deple-tion is the pathological basis for exacerbating qi-ying fen transformation.Clearing heat and protecting fluids,with sweet-flavored and cold-natured drugs to generate fluids,salty-flavored and cold-natured drugs to clear heat,and combination of sweet-flavored and bit-ter-flavored drugs,is an inevitable treatment method for preventing and treating qi-ying fen transformation in warm diseases,and it al-so has important clinical guidance value for internal miscellaneous diseases and acute severe cases.

Sensory dysfunction is a common clinical problem for children with cerebral palsy.Proprioception plays a key role in maintaining postural adjustment and balance coordination, so proprioceptive assessment is of great significance for further rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy.At present, proprioception assessment is mainly used in adults such as stroke and joint injury, but there is still a lack of research in children, especially in children with cerebral palsy.Therefore, this paper aims to review the evaluation of proprioception of children with cerebral palsy at home and abroad.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of Ruiyun procedure for hemorrhoids(RPH)combined with milligan-morgan hemorrhoidectomy(MMH)in the treatment of mixed hemorrhoids compared with MMH alone.Methods:Relevant literature was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,and VIP databases from their establishment to Jan 2023 using computers.Clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of RPH combined with MMH and MMH alone in the treatment of mixed hemorrhoids were selected and analyzed,and meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan5.3 software.Results:A total of 30 RCTs were included,involving 4 609 patients.Results of Meta-analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in surgical efficacy(RR=1.05,95% CI:1.02-1.08,P= 0.003),postoperative margin edema(RR=0.36,95% CI:0.27-0.49,P＜0.01),postoperative anal pain(RR=0.35,95% CI:0.23-0.53,P＜0.01),postoperative rectal bleeding(RR=0.35,95% CI:0.17-0.72,P=0.004),postoperative anal stenosis(RR=0.26,95% CI:0.11-0.59,P=0.001)and postoperative urinary retention(RR=0.77,95% CI:0.63-0.93,P=0.007)between RPH combined with MMH group and MMH group.Conclusion:Compared with MMH alone,RPH combined with MMH in the treatment of mixed hemorrhoids can reduce the incidence of postoperative side effects,such as postoperative margin edema,anal pain,rectal bleeding,anal stenosis,and urinary retention,with a relatively higher efficiency.

AIM:To investigate the influencing factors of abnormal telangiectasia secondary to diabetic retinopathy(DR).METHODS: Prospective studies. A total of 153 cases(240 eyes)with DR treated in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected to analyze the risk factors of abnormal telangiectasia secondary to DR and its predictive efficacy.RESULTS: The patients were divided into dilated group(77 eyes of 40 cases)and non-dilated group(163 eyes of 113 cases)according to whether they had secondary abnormal telangiectasia. There were significant differences in diabetic macular edema, hard exudates grade and fasting blood glucose level between the two groups(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetic macular edema, high hard exudates grade and high blood glucose level were the risk factors for abnormal telangiectasia secondary to DR(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The occurrence of telangiectasia secondary to DR may be related to diabetic macular edema, grade 3 hard exudates and high blood glucose level.