Aural vertigo frequently encountered in the otolaryngology department of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） mainly involves peripheral vestibular diseases of Western medicine， such as Meniere's disease， benign paroxysmal positional vertigo， vestibular neuritis， and vestibular migraine， being a hot research topic in both TCM and Western medicine. Western medical therapies alone have unsatisfactory effects on recurrent aural vertigo， aural vertigo affecting the quality of life， aural vertigo not relieved after surgery， aural vertigo with complex causes， and children's aural vertigo. The literature records and clinical practice have proven that TCM demonstrates unique advantages in the treatment of aural vertigo. The China Association of Chinese medicine sponsored the "17th youth salon on the diseases responding specifically to TCM： Aural vertigo" and invited vertigo experts of TCM and Western medicine to discuss the difficulties and advantages of TCM diagnosis and treatment of aural vertigo. The experts deeply discussed the achievements and contributions of TCM and Western medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of aural vertigo， the control and mitigation of the symptoms， and the solutions to disease recurrence. The discussion clarified the positioning and advantages of TCM treatment and provided guidance for clinical and basic research on aural vertigo.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the vaginal microecology and CC chemokine ligand 28(CCL28)expression levels in the vaginal lavage fluid of patients with persistent high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)infection.Methods A total of 132 patients with HR-HPV infection at Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 were selected as study subjects.Patients with HR-HPV infection were categorized into the single infection group and the persistent infection group according to the review results.The CCL28 and vaginal microecological indicators of the two groups were compared.Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for persistent HR-HPV infection.The dose-response relationship between CCL28 and persistent HR-HPV infection was analyzed by fitting restricted cubic splines with logistic regression.Spearman and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between CCL28 and vaginal microecological indicators.Results After the re-examination of patients,there were 84(63.64％)cases of single infection and 48(36.36％)cases of persistent infection.The percentage of colony density grade Ⅰ(54.17％vs 16.67％),colony diversity grade Ⅰ(47.92％),pH＞4.5(47.92％),hydrogen peroxide positivity(54.17％),and vaginal microecological imbalance(66.67％),and the level of CCL28[83.63(77.11,99.62)ng/L]in the persistent infection group were higher than those of the single infection group[16.76％,21.43％,15.48％,30.95％,41.67％,71.11(58.12,82.16)ng/L],and the differences were statistically significant(x2/Z=5.064～20.338,all P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that colony density grade Ⅰ(OR=3.556,95％CI:1.241～10.194,P=0.018),PH＞4.5(OR=4.366,95％CI:1.164～16.380,P=0.029),and high CCL28 levels(OR=1.048,95％CI:1.018～1.080,P=0.002)were independent risk factors for persistent infection in HR-HPV-infected patients.Logistic regression fitting restricted cubic splines showed a linear relationship between CCL28 and persistent HR-HPV infection(nonlinear test x2=0.61,P=0.437).Spearman correlation analysis results showed that CCL28 was positively correlated with age(r=0.205,P=0.018),colony density(r=0.429,P＜0.001),colony diversity(r=0.389,P＜0.001),pH(r=0.357,P＜0.00l),hydrogen peroxide(r=0.409,P＜0.001),leukocyte esterase(r=0.392,P＜0.00l),and vaginal microecology(r=0.473,P＜0.001).Linear regression analysis showed that colony density(β=12.295,P=0.003)and colony diversity(β=9.196,P=0.032)were independently associated with CCL28.Conclusion Colony density and colony diversity were independently correlated with CCL28.Colony density grade Ⅰ,pH＞4.5,and high CCL28 levels suggest an increased risk of persistent infection in patients with HR-HPV infection.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of indocyanine green (ICG) on biological behavior and transdifferentiation of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) and its mechanism.Methods:HLECs were divided into blank control group, 5% glucose solution (GS) group and 0.5% ICG group, 1.5% ICG group and 2.5% ICG group, which were treated with balanced salt solution, 5% GS and 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5% ICG solutions for 3 minutes, respectively, and then were incubated in fresh medium for 24 hours.The apoptosis level of HLECs was detected by flow cytometry.The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected by Western blot.Cell proliferation was detected via the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay.The migration ability of HLECs was detected by cell scratch assay.Cell migration and invasion were determined by Transwell assays.The expression levels transdifferentiation-related proteins, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), nerve calcium adhesion protein (N-cadherin), fibronectin (FN) and vimentin were assessed by Western blot.Results:The apoptosis rates of blank control group, 5% GS group, 0.5% ICG group, 1.5% ICG group and 2.5% ICG group were (4.35±0.60)%, (4.63±0.19)%, (8.17±0.69)%, (13.90±0.33)% and (23.08±1.12)%, with a statistically significant difference in the overall comparison ( F=412.74, P<0.05). The apoptosis rate was significantly higher in 0.5% ICG group, 1.5% ICG group and 2.5% ICG group than in blank control group and 5% GS group (all at P<0.05). The relative expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax proteins were significantly higher in 0.5% ICG group, 1.5% ICG group and 2.5% ICG group than in blank control group and 5% GS group, and the relative expression of Bcl-2 protein was lower in 1.5% ICG group and 2.5% ICG group than in blank control group and 5% GS group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The rate of EdU-positive cells was significantly lower in 0.5% ICG group, 1.5% ICG group and 2.5% ICG groups than in blank control group and 5% GS group (all at P<0.05). The survival rate of cells was significantly lower in 0.5% ICG group, 1.5% ICG group and 2.5% ICG group than in blank control group and 5% GS group (all at P<0.05). The migration rates of scratch cells were significantly lower in 0.5% ICG group, 1.5% ICG group and 2.5% ICG group than in blank control group and 5% GS group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The number of migrating cells and the number of invading cells were significantly lower in 0.5% ICG group, 1.5% ICG group and 2.5% ICG group than in blank control group and 5% GS group (all at P<0.05). The relative expressions of α-SMA, N-cadherin and FN were significantly lower in 0.5% ICG group, 1.5% ICG group and 2.5% ICG group than in blank control group and 5% GS group, and the relative expression of vimentin was lower in 1.5% ICG group and 2.5% ICG group than in blank control group and 5% GS group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:ICG can promote HLECs apoptosis and inhibit HLECs proliferation, migration, invasion and transdifferentiation in a concentration-dependent manner.

Developed rapidly for more than ten years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has derived a series of new technologies which are widely used clinically, such as noninvasive prenatal testing(NIPT), noninvasive prenatal testing-plus(NIPT Plus), copy number variation sequencing(CNV-seq), and exome sequencing(ES), and plays an important role in birth defects prevention. Moreover, with in-deep development, the superiority of NGS is gradually recognized by clinicians, but there are still many challenges in practical application process. This study specifically elaborates on the development status, technological breakthroughs and future prospects of NGS in the field of prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis at home and abroad.

Objective:Differential expression of serum exosomal miRNAs were detected for NAFLD patients and healthy controls, thereby determining the role of serum exosomal miRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD.Methods:Four patients with S2-3 NAFLD who shared similar demographic features and personal histories, and matched healthy controls were recruited for high-throughput sequencing of serum exosomal miRNAs. Four miRNAs with the most significant differential expression were verified by qRT-PCR in three groups (S1, S2-3, and control groups) with 20 cases in each group. Target gene prediction was performed for these differentially-expressed miRNAs, along with GO and KEGG enrichment analyses for the target genes. T-test or ANOVA were used for normally distributed data. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for ranked data and non-normally distributed data. The count data used Pearson chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Results:There were 19 serum exosomal miRNAs with significantly different levels of expression ( P < 0.05) and a fold-change > 2. The expression of hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-146b-5p, and hsa-miR-197-3P was highest in the S2-3 group, followed by the S1 and control groups (in order); hsa-miR-483-3p expression was higher in the NAFLD group (S1 or S2-3) than the control group. There were 84 pathways significantly enriched in target genes. From 20 pathways closely related to NAFLD, at least 5 target genes which were simultaneously correlated to all 10 pathways were screened (PIK3R2, AKT2, AKT3, MAPK1, and NFKB1). Conclusion:Differential expression of serum exosomal miRNAs was detected in NAFLD patients and healthy controls. Four miRNAs with the greatest fold-changes were assessed to judge the severity of fatty degeneration of the liver. The research findings provide reference for non-invasive identification of new biomarkers and specific targets for NAFLD treatment.

Developed rapidly for more than ten years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has derived a series of new technologies which are widely used clinically, such as noninvasive prenatal testing(NIPT), noninvasive prenatal testing-plus(NIPT Plus), copy number variation sequencing(CNV-seq), and exome sequencing(ES), and plays an important role in birth defects prevention. Moreover, with in-deep development, the superiority of NGS is gradually recognized by clinicians, but there are still many challenges in practical application process. This study specifically elaborates on the development status, technological breakthroughs and future prospects of NGS in the field of prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis at home and abroad.

Diabetes diet management plays an important role in the treatment of diabetes. "Controlling diet" is the most basic and important part of diabetes treatment. Patients with mild diabetes can control blood glucose through diet therapy. Effective diet management assessment can quickly discover the deficiencies of diet self-management in diabetic patients. Artificial intelligence is widely used in the medical field. This article will briefly introduce the role and application progress of artificial intelligence technology in diabetes diet management, including diet recommendation and automatic monitoring.

Objective To investigate the association between serum estradiol levels and macrovascular complication of atherosclerosis in mid-aged and elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods One hundred and twenty nine male diabetic patients aged over 45 years were recruited in this study.Serum estriol(E2), testosterone(T)and lipid levels were detected using chemiluminescent immunoassay.Carotid ultrasonography was taken to evaluate macrovascular complication of atherosclerosis.The demographic characteristics, clinical features including duration of diabetes and prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and biochemical features were compared among patients with different serum E2levels.Correlation analysis was also performed using binary logistic analysis.Results There were 43 patients with low serum E2level(<134.1 pmol/L), 44 with intermediate E2level(134.1 -198.2 pmol/L)and 42 with high E2level(>198.2 pmol/L).Among 129 patients the carotid artery lesions were detected in 64 cases.There were significant differences in body weight[(61.0 ±10.4), (67.4 ±13.0)and(76.8 ±10.5)kg,t=3.40,P=0.00], waist circumference[(81.5 ±7.9),(86.6 ± 10.7)and(90.0 ±8.0)cm,t=3.57,P=0.00],body mass index(BMI)[(21.6 ±3.2),(23.5 ±3.8) and(26.2 ±3.0)kg/m2,t=3.72, P=0.00], systolic pressure[(140.2 ±14.8),(143.9 ±18.1)and (155.0 ±13.1)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),t=3.18, P=0.04]and TG[(1.46 ±0.88),(2.23 ± 1.08)and(3.35 ±0.9)mmol/L, t =2.66, P=0.04]among patients with low, intermediate and high serum E2levels.The age-adjusted incidence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with low, intermediate and high E2levels were 25.6%(11/43),56.8%(25/44)and 66.7%(28/42), respectively (χ2=15.73,P=0.00).Compared to low E2level,the risk ratio of carotid atherosclerosis in intermediate and high E2levels was 1.60(95%CI:1.04-2.46, P<0.05)and 1.80(95%CI:1.17 -2.76, P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion Serum E2level is closely associated with carotid atherosclerotic plaque in middle-aged and elderly male type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To investigate the predisposing locations of active hemorrhage in patients with esophageal variceal bleeding. Methods Data of 823 patients with acute esophageal and gastric variceal hemorrhage receiving emergency gastroscopy diagnosed from January 2003 to December 2013 were retrospectively studied. The location and site of active hemorrhage or stigmata were analyzed and its relationship with active hemorrhage was discussed. Results A total of 372(45. 2%,372/823) patients with active bleeding and stigmata were found under emergency endoscopy. Among 372 patients, 190 got accurate hemorrhage and stigmata location and site description. Bleeding or stigmata in 58(30. 5%) patients was 28-32 cm from incisor in group A, and that in 132 (69. 5%) patients was more than 35 cm in group B ( χ2＝57. 642, P＜0. 000 1). In 190 cases, the proportion of bleeding or stigmata at 3:00 point was the highest (37%,70/132), followed by those at 12:00 point(30%,58/132),6:00 point(24%,45/132),and 9:00 point (9%,17/132). The change trend of the percentage of each point in group A and group B was the same as that in all cases. The percentage of almost all points in group B was significantly higher than that in group A except that at 9:00 point ( P＜0. 000 1).Conclusion Esophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhosis is more common at 3:00 point, 6:00 point and 12:00 point of esophagus, and the high risk area is 35 cm below the incisors.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of exogenous biliverdin on ultraviolet B (UVB)-radiated HaCaT cells,and to explore its mechanism.Methods Cultured HaCaT cells were divided into 5 groups:control group receiving no treatment,UVB group irradiated with 30 mJ/cm2 UVB,3 biliverdin + UVB groups treated with 100 nmol/L,1 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L biliverdin respectively for 1 hour followed by 30 mJ/cm2 UVB radiation.After 24-hour treatment,changes in the morphology of HaCaT cells were observed,and cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay was performed to determine cell survival rates in the above groups.Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the protein expression of antioxidant signaling molecule NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) and the photodamage signaling molecules matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-3.Results CCK8 assay showed that the survival rate of HaCaT cells was significantly lower in the UVB group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),but significantly higher in the 100-nmol/L,1-μmol/L and 10-μmol/L biliverdin + UVB groups than in the UVB group (all P ＜ 0.05).Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 was significantly higher in the UVB group (1.150 ± 0.187,0.979 ± 0.054 respectively) than in the control group (0.116 ± 0.018,0.636 ± 0.035 respectively;both P ＜ 0.01),but was significantly lower in the 100-nmol/L,1-μmol/L and 10-μmol/L biliverdin + UVB groups (MMP-1:0.825 ± 0.139,0.313 ± 0.047 and 0.286 ± 0.036 respectively;MMP-3:0.888 ± 0.017,0.672 ± 0.042 and 0.569:±:0.037 respectively) than in the UVB group (all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the protein expression of Nrf-2 was significantly lower in the UVB group (0.906 ± 0.034) than in the control group (1.242 ± 0.141,P ＜ 0.05),but significantly higher in the 100-nmol/L,1-μmol/L and 10-μmol/L biliverdin + UVB groups (1.556 ± 0.112,1.897 ± 0.234 and 2.035 ±0.274) than in the UVB group (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Exogenous biliverdin protects against UVB-induced photodamage in HaCaT cells,which may be associated with Nrf-2 antioxidant signaling pathway.