OBJECTIVE To provide references for ensuring the safety of prescription preparation， dispensing， and use of parenteral nutrition solution， as well as for expanding the scope of pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacists in the Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services （PIVAS）. METHODS Under the guidance of PIVAS pharmacists， the rules for reviewing medical orders of parenteral nutrition in the PIVAS system and the information displayed on the infusion labels of finished parenteral nutrition solutions were refined. The process management of dispensing parenteral nutrition solution was strengthened， and detailed quality control and inspection rules were formulated. Additionally， Clinical Safety Monitoring Form for Finished Parenteral Nutrition Infusions was designed to conduct clinical monitoring and inspections for abnormalities in the finished infusions， infusion operations， and complications that may arise during the use of finished parenteral nutrition infusions. The implementation effects of the aforementioned optimization/inspection measures were evaluated by comparing data on the efficiency of medical order review for parenteral nutrition， the rate of irrational medical orders， the compliance rate of vascular access selection and infusion rate standardization， the rate of dispensing error， as well as the abnormalities occurring during clinical use， before and after the optimization/inspection initiatives were put into place. RESULTS The optimized prescription review system achieved automatic review of medical orders for parenteral nutrition， enhancing the efficiency of order review. The average time taken to review one parenteral nutrition medical order was reduced from approximately 1 minute to 10 seconds. The irrational rate of parenteral nutrition orders decreased by 31.87%. The dispensing error rate of parenteral nutrition decreased by 56.55%. The standard rate of vascular access selection and standard rate of infusion speed were increased by 13.29% and 3.54%， respectively. The PIVAS pharmacists identified and intervened in 5 abnormal cases out of 298 cases examined for use of parenteral nutrition solutions. CONCLUSIONS By optimizing the prescription review system， improving labeling information， and strengthening quality control inspections during both preparation and administration processes， PIVAS pharmacists have enhanced the safety of compounded parenteral nutrition solutions. This initiative has expanded the scope and depth of pharmaceutical care provided by dispensing pharmacists.

ObjectiveFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a novel non-invasive technique for monitoring cerebral activity, can be integrated with upper limb rehabilitation robots to facilitate the real-time assessment of neurological rehabilitation outcomes. The rehabilitation robot is designed with 3 training modes: passive, active, and resistance. Among these, the resistance mode has been demonstrated to yield superior rehabilitative outcomes for patients with a certain level of muscle strength. The control modes in the resistance mode can be categorized into dynamic and static control. However, the effects of different control modes in the resistance mode on the motor function of patients with upper limb hemiplegia in stroke remain unclear. Furthermore, the effects of force, an important parameter of different control modes, on the activation of brain regions have rarely been reported. This study investigates the effects of dynamic and static resistance modes under varying resistance levels on cerebral functional alterations during motor rehabilitation in post-stroke patients. MethodsA cohort of 20 stroke patients with upper limb dysfunction was enrolled in the study, completing preparatory adaptive training followed by 3 intensity-level tasks across 2 motor paradigms. The bilateral prefrontal cortices (PFC), bilateral primary motor cortices (M1), bilateral primary somatosensory cortices (S1), and bilateral premotor and supplementary motor cortices (PM) were examined in both the resting and motor training states. The lateralization index (LI), phase locking value (PLV), network metrics were employed to examine cortical activation patterns and topological properties of brain connectivity. ResultsThe data indicated that both dynamic and static modes resulted in significantly greater activation of the contralateral M1 area and the ipsilateral PM area when compared to the resting state. The static patterns demonstrated a more pronounced activation in the contralateral M1 in comparison to the dynamic patterns. The results of brain network analysis revealed significant differences between the dynamic and resting states in the contralateral PFC area and contralateral M1 area (F=4.709, P=0.038), as well as in the contralateral PM area and ipsilateral M1 area (F=4.218, P=0.049). Moreover, the findings indicated a positive correlation between the activation of the M1 region and the increase in force in the dynamic mode, which was reversed in the static mode. ConclusionBoth dynamic and static resistance training modes have been demonstrated to activate the corresponding brain functional regions. Dynamic resistance modes elicit greater oxygen changes and connectivity to the region of interest (ROI) than static resistance modes. Furthermore, the effects of increasing force differ between the two modes. In patients who have suffered a stroke, dynamic modes may have a more pronounced effect on the activation of exercise-related functional brain regions.

The study investigated the intrinsic changes in material basis of Angelicae Sinensis Radix during wine processing by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(HS-GC-IMS), headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS), and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) combined with chemometrics. HS-GC-IMS fingerprints of Angelicae Sinensis Radix before and after wine processing were established to analyze the variation trends of volatile components and characterize volatile small-molecule substances before and after processing. Principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were employed for differentiation and difference analysis. A total of 89 volatile components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix were identified by HS-GC-IMS, including 14 unsaturated hydrocarbons, 16 aldehydes, 13 ketones, 9 alcohols, 16 esters, 6 organic acids, and 15 other compounds. HS-SPME-GC-MS detected 118 volatile components, comprising 42 unsaturated hydrocarbons, 11 aromatic compounds, 30 alcohols, 8 alkanes, 6 organic acids, 4 ketones, 7 aldehydes, 5 esters, and 5 other volatile compounds. UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS identified 76 non-volatile compounds. PCA revealed distinct clusters of raw and wine-processed Angelicae Sinensis Radix samples across the three detection methods. Both PCA and OPLS-DA effectively discriminated between the two groups, and 145 compounds(VIP>1) were identified as critical markers for evaluating processing quality, including 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one, ethyl 2-methylpentanoate, and 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane detected by HS-GC-IMS, angelic acid, β-pinene, and germacrene B detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and L-tryptophan, licoricone, and angenomalin detected by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. In conclusion, the integration of the three detection methods with chemometrics elucidates the differences in the chemical material basis between raw and wine-processed Angelicae Sinensis Radix, providing a scientific foundation for understanding the processing mechanisms and clinical applications of wine-processed Angelicae Sinensis Radix.
Wine/analysis* ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Angelica sinensis/chemistry* ; Solid Phase Microextraction/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Chemometrics ; Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry* ; Principal Component Analysis ; Ion Mobility Spectrometry/methods*

Objective:To investigate the effect of Chinese medicine He's Yangchao recipe on premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)and its relationship with mitochondrial function of ovarian granulose cells in an animal model.Methods:Thirty-six female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into blank control group,model group,low-,medium-and high-dose He's Yangchao recipe treatment group and coenzyme Q10(Q10)treatment group(positive control).The POI model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide(90 mg/kg).The animals were sacrificed after 21 days.Primary granulose cells were obtained from POI mice and treated with He's Yangchao recipe,ERβ inhibitor PHTPP,and He's Yangchao recipe+PHTPP in vitro for 24 h,respectively.Ovarian histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,ATP levels were detected by luciferase assay,mtDNA copy numbers were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),mitochondrial structure changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy,protein and mRNA expression levels of estrogen receptor β(ERβ),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α(PGC1α),mitochondrial transcription factor A(TFAM),and superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2)were detected by Western blotting and qRT-PCR.Results:The ovarian tissue in model group exhibited few secondary and tertiary follicles,whereas the He's Yangchao recipe groups and Q10 group had abundant secondary and tertiary follicles.Compared with the blank control group,ATP and mtDNA levels in model group decreased(P＜0.01),mitochondrial crista disappeared or abnormal vacuolated structure increased;the protein and mRNA levels of ERβ,PGC1α,TFAM,and SOD2 decreased(all P＜0.01).ATP production increased in granulose cells of high-dose He's Yangchao recipe group and Q10 group;mtDNA copy numbers increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);abnormal mitochondrial structure was reduced;the protein and mRNA expressions of ERβ,PGC1α,TFAM,and SOD2 increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with the PHTPP intervention group,the proportion of normal mitochondrial structure in the granulose cells of He's Yangchao recipe+PHTPP group was higher;ATP content increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);mtDNA copy numbers increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);the protein and mRNA expression of ERβ,PGC1α,TFAM and SOD2 increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions:He's Yangchao recipe can regulate mitochondrial biogenesis through ERβ/PGC1α/TFAM pathway to improve ovarian function in POI mice.

In recent years,with the development of the bio-psycho-social medical model,more and more attention has been paid to the relationship between psycho-emotional factors and liver.According to traditional Chinese medicine theory,the liver is mainly responsible for catharsis and regulating emotion,which is closely related to emotion.Epidemiological studies have shown that all kinds of liver diseases are accompanied by different degrees of mental disorders,and mental and emotional abnormalities may promote the occurrence of liver diseases and affect the prognosis.Liver and emotion have a common pathogenesis in pathology,involving the dysfunction of nervous,endocrine and immune systems.Based on the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical research,this review analyzes the correlation between emotions and liver.At the same time,neurotransmitters,inflammatory cytokines,brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),soluble epoxide hydrolase(sEH),intestinal microecology,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid(HPT)axis,which summarizes the potential mechanisms of liver disease complicated with emotional disorders,and provides certain reference value for future theoretical research and clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the effect of glioma stem cells with high expression of protein tyrosin phosphatase receptor type Z1 (PTPRZ1 )on the phenotypic polarization and phagocytosis of tumor-associated macrophages and its regulatory mechanism.Methods GSCs and non-stem tumor cells (NSTCs) were screened out from human glioblastoma (GBM) specimens using flow cytometry,and the PTPRZ1 expression in paired GSCs and NSTCs were detected.Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-derived CD14+monocytes were exposed to the conditioned medium from glioma cells or recombinant chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20)for TAM polarization.Stable PTPRZ1 knockout GSCs (PTPRZ1-KO GSCs) were constructed using CRISPR/Cas9. TAM phagocytosis to GSCs,NSTCs,PTPRZ1-Control GSCs (PTPRZ1-Ctrl GSCs)and PTPRZ1-KO GSCs and the expression of immunosuppressive phenotype (M2) polarization marker CD163 were examined using flow cytometry.Differentially expressed genes (DEGs ) between paired GSCs and NSTCs were determined using a bulk RNA-sequencing dataset (GSE54791 )from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).A gene set informing worse outcome of patients with GBM was generated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-GBM cohort.By intersecting the aforementioned gene set with the gene set that encodes for human membrance proteins,the PTPRZ1 gene is obtained.Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)was used for pathway enrichment analysis to compare the differentially regulated pathways between GBMs with high or low PTPRZ1 expression.Bulk RNA sequencing,qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to identify the DEGs between PTPRZ1-KO GSCs and PTPRZ1-Ctrl GSCs.Results GSCs were more capable of escaping from TAM phagocytosis than NSTCs (P<0.05 )and had specifically up-regulated PTPRZ1 expression.PTPRZ1-KO significantly suppressed GSCs escaping from TAM phagocytosis (P<0.01 ). GBMs with high PTPRZ1 expression showed significant inhibition of pathways mediating phagocytosis (P<0.05).The expression of CCL20 as a M2 TAM polarization chemokine was significantly down-regulated in PTPRZ1-KO GSCs (P<0.05 ).Treatment with recombinant CCL20 up-regulated the expression of CD163 as a M2 TAM marker in TAM.Conclusion PTPRZ1+GSCs mediate M2 TAM polarization and inhibit TAM phagocytosis,which may be related to the up-regulation of CCL20 in PTPRZ1+GSCs.

Objective To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA(LncRNA)PICSAR in ovarian canc-er,and explore the effects of LncRNA PICSAR on the proliferation,migration,invasion and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells as well as its possible mechanism of action.Methods The expression levels of LncRNA PICSAR in o-varian cancer tissue and cell line A2780,OVCAR-3,HO-8910 and normal ovarian tissue and cell line IOSE386 were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Ovarian cancer cell lines with the highest expression of LncRNA PICSAR were divided into control group and experimental group,and transfected with negative control small inter-fering RNA(siRNA-NC)or PICSAR knockout small interfering RNA(siRNA-PICSAR)by liposome transfection technique,respectively.The effects of LncRNA PICSAR knockdown on the invasion,migration,proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells were analyzed by cell counting assay(CCK-8),clonogenic assay,scratch assay,transwell assay and flow cytometry and so on.The expression levels of autophagy related proteins and apoptosis-re-lated proteins in each group were determined by Western blot.Ovarian cancer cells were treated with rapamycin and hydroxychloroquine as autophagy activator and inhibitor,and Western blot assay was used to detect apoptosis.Results The expression level of LncRNA PICSAR in ovarian cancer tissues was higher than that in normal ovarian tissues.Compared with IOSE386 cell line,LncRNA PICSAR expression levels in ovarian cancer cell lines HO-8910,OVCAR-3 and A2780 increased.Compared with the si-NC group,the proliferation,invasion and migration ability of ovarian cancer cells in si-PICSAR group decreased,and the apoptosis rate increased.The autophagy level of ovarian cancer cells in si-PICSAR group was lower than that in si-NC group.After transfection with siRNA-PIC-SAR,rapamycin activated autophagy to reduce apoptosis,while hydroxychloroquine inhibited autophagy to promote apoptosis.Conclusion LncRNA PICSAR is highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines,and the ma-lignant biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells can be inhibited by knockout of LncRNA PICSAR.The knock-down of LncRNA PICSAR may promote the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells by regulating autophagy.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is an effective treatment for a variety of hematopoietic and immune system diseases,but it is associated with postoperative complications such as infection and graft-versus-host disease.Dyslipidemia is one of the common complications after allo-HSCT,which is closely related to graft-versus-host disease,the use of immunosuppressants,cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome,etc.Hematopoiesis reconstruction after allo-HSCT is also related to lipid metabolism.Therefore,this article reviews the lipid metabolism after allo-HSCT,the mechanisms and related factors affecting dyslipidemia after allo-HSCT,the impact of dyslipidemia on post-transplant complications,and the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia after allo-HSCT,aiming to explore the impact and significance of dyslipidemia after allo-HSCT,and to provide references for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia after allo-HSCT.

Objective To identify the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of young patients with sporadic rectal cancer liver metastasis(RCLM).Methods The clinical data of young RCLM patients at 45 years or under(n=40,as younger patient group)in Peking University First Hospital from January 2016 to January 2021 were reviewed,meanwhile,elder RCLM patient group were comprised of 82 patients older than 45-year-old in a 1:2 ratio.Proportions of categorical variables were compared between young patients and old patients.The clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed with univariate and multivariate Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier method for demonstrating survival differences between the maximum diameter of liver metastasis and local therapy.Results One hundred and twenty-two RCLM patients were identified,the 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates of young patient group were 97.5%,47.5%,15.0%,those of elder patient group were 84.1%,26.8%,9.8%,respectively.The differences in BMI(P=0.008),primary tumor with obstruction and bleeding(P=0.006),synchronous rectal cancer liver metastases(P=0.005),the maximum diameter of liver metastasis>3 cm(P=0.019)were statistically significant between the two groups.And univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age(P=0.003),N stage(P=0.007),local therapy for liver metastases(P=0.047)and the maximum diameter of liver metastasis(P=0.030)were independent risk factors for influencing the prognosis of RCLM patients;curative resection or not of primary tumor(P=0.035)and the maximum diameter of liver metastasis(P=0.041)were independent risk factors for influencing the prognosis of young RCLM patients.Kaplan-Maier curve demonstrated survival differences between the maximum diameter of liver metastasis and local therapy for liver metastasis in RCLM patients(log-rank P=0.000).Conclusions Although with later staging of initial tumor station,young RCLM patients may obtain better survival benefit compared with old patients.Higher degree of lymph node metastasis,local therapy for liver metastases and the maximum diameter of liver metastasis>3 cm indicates poor prognosis in RCLM patients,and without curative resection of primary tumor and maximum diameter of liver metastasis are also considered as the independent poor prognostic factors of young RCLM patients.Local therapy for liver metastases appears to play an important role in the treatment strategy of RCLM patients.

OBJECTIVE To compare the chemical components contained in Artemisiae Scopariae Herba （ASH） standard decoction and its decoction pieces， and provide foundation of their pharmacological substances. METHODS ASH standard decoction and its decoction pieces were prepared； UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method was used for the detection in the negative ion mode， and the total ion chromatogram was extracted by the PeakView 1.6 software. By comparing with reference substances， literature data， and online search of compound database such as PubChem， the chemical components contained in ASH standard decoction and its decoction pieces were identified and analyzed for the differences. RESULTS A total of 125 chemical components were identified in ASH standard decoction and its decoction pieces， including 50 organic acids， 39 flavonoids， 3 coumarins， 2 amino acids， 5 lignans， and 26 others. 3-methoxy-caffeic acid-4-O- β -D-glucoside， p-hydroxybenzoic acid， caffeic acid 4-O- glucoside， spiraeoside， and phenyl β-D-glucoside in ASH standard decoction were not detected in its decoction pieces， while 6′-6′ chlorogenic acid dimer， quercetin-5-glucoside， apigenin 7-methyl ether 5-（6″-malonylglucoside）， quercetin-3-O-arabinoside， 6″-caffeoylhyperin and 6-O-caffeoyl-D-glucoside in decoction pieces were not detected in the standard decoction. CONCLUSIONS Most components in ASH decoction pieces are transferred to its standard decoction， but a few components undergo chemical reactions in whole or in part during the boiling process， transforming into other or new components in the standard decoction.