In this paper， the name， origin， producing area， harvesting， processing and functional indications of Arcae Concha were systematically combed and verified by consulting the ancient and modern literature， in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing Arcae Concha. Arcae Concha was first recorded in the name of Han in Bencao Shiyi， but later， due to the influence of LI Shizhen's error of combining Han item with Kuiha in the Ming dynasty， there were aliases such as Kuilu and Fulao， and Yizong Bidu began to include Walengzi as its correct name and has been used ever since. The textual descriptions and illustrations of the medicinal materials of Arcae Concha contained in the materia medica of the past generations were consistent with the modern Arca inflata， A. subcrenata and A. granosa. In ancient times， there were medicinal records of two parts of shell and meat， but now the shell is used as medicine， and the meat is mostly edible. In ancient times， Zhejiang， Shandong， Guangdong and Guangxi were the main producing areas， and Zhejiang was the best. It is now believed that A. inflata is mostly distributed in the northern part of the Huanghai Sea， A. granosa is mostly distributed in the coastal areas south of Shandong Peninsula in China， and A. subcrenata is widely distributed in the coastal areas of China. Its quality is better in a complete， white， no residual meat and sand. In ancient times， there was no clear harvesting period， and the processing was mainly based on vinegar quenching after calcination or powdering of calcined shell， but now the harvesting period is autumn and winter. After harvesting， it is directly washed and crushed for raw use or processed by calcined method. The records of the medicinal materials in the past dynasties on the properties of Arcae Concha were mainly warm， sweet， salty and mild， and it is now believed that Arcae Concha is salty in taste and mild in nature. In ancient times， it was believed that Arcae Concha were mainly used for coldness in the heart and abdomen， coldness in the waist and spine， benefiting the five internal organs， strengthening the stomach. Nowadays， it is believed that Arcae Concha can eliminate phlegm and remove blood stasis， soften the hardness and dissipate the lumps， produce acid and relieve pain. It can be used in the treatment of stubborn phlegm， gall tumor， scrofula and other symptoms. In conclusion， it is suggested that for the famous classical formulas containing Arcae Concha， the corresponding methods should be selected according to the processing requirements of the drug in the formulas， while those without processing requirements can be determined according to the functional position of the products.

By consulting the ancient Chinese herbal books， medical books and formularies of the past dynasties， and combining with modern research data， this paper makes a systematic textual research on the name， origin， place of origin， traditional quality evaluation， harvesting and processing of Selaginellae Herba， so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of the relevant famous classical formulas. According to the textual research， Juanbai is the correct name of the herbal medicine in all dynasties， and there are also aliases such as Baozu， Qiugu， Jiaoshi and Jiusi Huanhuncao. The origin of Selaginellae Herba in the ancient herbal books was Selaginella tamariscina in all dynasties. Since the Republic of China， S. pulvinata has been gradually used as another origin of Selaginellae Herba. In ancient times， the producing area of S. tamariscina was mainly in Shandong， Hebei， Henan， Shaanxi， Jiangsu and Sichuan， etc. Nowadays， it is produced all over the country. S. pulvinata is mainly produced in Guangxi， Fujian， Sichuan， Guizhou， Yunnan， Hebei and so on. Since the recent times， it is concluded that the quality of the green color， complete and unbroken is good. Before the Qing dynasty， it was recorded that the harvesting time of Selaginellae Herba was generally from April to July， and it was expanded to all year round since the Qing dynasty. After harvesting， remove the sediment（sand and mud）， cut off the fibrous roots and dry in the shade or in the sun. The processing methods in all dynasties were mainly carbonizing by stir-frying and stir-bake to brown， and some ancient books contained the processing method of brine boiling， which was rarely used in modern times. Based on the results， it is recommended that S. tamariscina should be used as the base material of Selaginellae Herba. Because of more impurities， it should be fully purified to ensure the cleanliness of the herb， and the processing method can be based on the prescription requirements， if the processing requirements are not specified， the raw products can be used， charcoal products is recommended for use as an hemostatic.

Objective·To establish a patient-derived tumor xenograft(PDX)model using tumor cells sourced from malignant pleural effusion(MPE)in patients with lung cancer,and to conduct experimental validation.Methods·Gene expression data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO),including single-cell RNA sequencing data for lung cancer with MPE(GSE131907)and for solid lung cancer(GSE203360).Data were clustered,and differential gene ontology functional enrichment analysis was performed to ascertain the feasibility of modeling by using MPE.MPE samples from patients with lung cancer were collected and processed through centrifugation and red blood cell lysis to enrich cells.The enriched cells were then implanted subcutaneously into non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient(NOD/SCID)mice.Tumor growth was monitored,and when tumors reached 1 000 mm3,they were passaged and preserved.Histopathological examination was conducted on stable passaged tumors,the cell morphology was observed via hematoxylin-eosin(H-E)staining and the expression of lung cancer biomarkers was detected by using immunohistochemistry(IHC).Results·Single-cell data analysis revealed stronger proliferative functions of tumor cells in MPE,suggesting that PDX modeling using MPE tumor cells may yield better tumor formation.A total of 35 samples of MPE from lung cancer patients were collected,and 13 PDX models were successfully constructed,with a success rate of 37.14％.Histopathological examination showed significant cellular atypia by H-E staining,and IHC result showed positive expression of lung cancer biomarkers such as cytokeratin 7(CK7),thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF1),and Napsin A.Conclusion·By enriching tumor cells from MPE of lung cancer patients,a more convenient,efficient,and dynamically modelable PDX model is successfully constructed.This model retains the malignant characteristics and protein expression features of tumor cells from lung cancer patients,providing an important experimental model tool for basic research and clinical drug guidance for lung cancer patients with MPE.

Objective:To reduce the risk of the supply chain stability caused by the complex relationship among hospitals,Supply Processing Distribution(SPD)service providers and suppliers under the background of the integrated management mode of medical materials in public hospitals.Methods:The game relationship among hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers was systematically discussed by constructing evolutionary game model and system dynamics method.Results:With the efforts of hospital supervision,supplier integrity and SPD service providers,the three parties will reach a stable equilibrium state.Conclusion:It provides some ideas for the collaborative development of hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers under the SPD supply chain management model.

Objective:To reduce the risk of the supply chain stability caused by the complex relationship among hospitals,Supply Processing Distribution(SPD)service providers and suppliers under the background of the integrated management mode of medical materials in public hospitals.Methods:The game relationship among hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers was systematically discussed by constructing evolutionary game model and system dynamics method.Results:With the efforts of hospital supervision,supplier integrity and SPD service providers,the three parties will reach a stable equilibrium state.Conclusion:It provides some ideas for the collaborative development of hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers under the SPD supply chain management model.

Objective:To reduce the risk of the supply chain stability caused by the complex relationship among hospitals,Supply Processing Distribution(SPD)service providers and suppliers under the background of the integrated management mode of medical materials in public hospitals.Methods:The game relationship among hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers was systematically discussed by constructing evolutionary game model and system dynamics method.Results:With the efforts of hospital supervision,supplier integrity and SPD service providers,the three parties will reach a stable equilibrium state.Conclusion:It provides some ideas for the collaborative development of hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers under the SPD supply chain management model.

Objective:To reduce the risk of the supply chain stability caused by the complex relationship among hospitals,Supply Processing Distribution(SPD)service providers and suppliers under the background of the integrated management mode of medical materials in public hospitals.Methods:The game relationship among hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers was systematically discussed by constructing evolutionary game model and system dynamics method.Results:With the efforts of hospital supervision,supplier integrity and SPD service providers,the three parties will reach a stable equilibrium state.Conclusion:It provides some ideas for the collaborative development of hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers under the SPD supply chain management model.

Objective:To reduce the risk of the supply chain stability caused by the complex relationship among hospitals,Supply Processing Distribution(SPD)service providers and suppliers under the background of the integrated management mode of medical materials in public hospitals.Methods:The game relationship among hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers was systematically discussed by constructing evolutionary game model and system dynamics method.Results:With the efforts of hospital supervision,supplier integrity and SPD service providers,the three parties will reach a stable equilibrium state.Conclusion:It provides some ideas for the collaborative development of hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers under the SPD supply chain management model.

Objective:To reduce the risk of the supply chain stability caused by the complex relationship among hospitals,Supply Processing Distribution(SPD)service providers and suppliers under the background of the integrated management mode of medical materials in public hospitals.Methods:The game relationship among hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers was systematically discussed by constructing evolutionary game model and system dynamics method.Results:With the efforts of hospital supervision,supplier integrity and SPD service providers,the three parties will reach a stable equilibrium state.Conclusion:It provides some ideas for the collaborative development of hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers under the SPD supply chain management model.

Objective:To reduce the risk of the supply chain stability caused by the complex relationship among hospitals,Supply Processing Distribution(SPD)service providers and suppliers under the background of the integrated management mode of medical materials in public hospitals.Methods:The game relationship among hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers was systematically discussed by constructing evolutionary game model and system dynamics method.Results:With the efforts of hospital supervision,supplier integrity and SPD service providers,the three parties will reach a stable equilibrium state.Conclusion:It provides some ideas for the collaborative development of hospitals,SPD service providers and suppliers under the SPD supply chain management model.