Objective : To investigate the prevalence of electronic cigarette use among adult residents at ages of 15 years and older in Tongzhou District, Beijing Municipality, so as to provide insights into formulation of tobacco control interventions. Methods: Permanent residents at ages of 15 years and older were sampled using a stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method in Tongzhou District from September to October, 2021, and subjects' demographics, electronic cigarette use, and exposure to electronic cigarette advertising were investigated using the 2021 Questionnaire for Adult Tobacco Survey in Beijing. The awareness of electronic cigarette knowledge, prevalence of electronic cigarette use, route of acquiring electronic cigarette knowledge and route of exposure to electronic cigarette advertising were analyzed among residents in Tongzhou District, and factors affecting electronic cigarette uses were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 196 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 166 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.49%. The respondents included 532 men (45.63%) and 634 women (54.37%), with a mean age of (57.05±15.04) years. The awareness of electronic cigarette knowledge was 67.58%, and the prevalence of electronic cigarette uses and current electronic cigarette uses was 3.94% and 0.34%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a higher possibility of electronic cigarette uses among men (OR=28.492, 95%CI: 6.873-118.106), residents at ages of 15 to 44 years (OR=3.219, 95%CI: 1.584-6.539), enterprise workers/businessmen/service industry workers (OR=3.599, 95%CI: 1.527-8.482), and public institution workers/public servants/students (OR=4.403, 95%CI: 1.758-11.026). The main route of acquiring electronic cigarettes was presented by others (43.48%), and the main cause of electronic cigarette use was quitting smoking (30.43%), followed by thinking little harmlessness of electronic cigarette use (26.09%), while the main route of exposure to electronic cigarette advertising was television (59.09%), followed by internet (45.45%). Conclusions There is a low prevalence rate of electronic cigarette uses among residents at ages of 15 years and older in Tongzhou District, and men and residents at ages of 15 to 44 years are main electronic cigarette users. Health education pertaining to the harmlessness of electronic cigarette uses and supervision of electronic cigarette advertising are required to be reinforced.

【Objective】 To explore the effects of early application of erythropoietin (EPO) in patients with anemia after renal transplantation. 【Methods】 Patients who underwent renal transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether EPO was applied after operation, the patients were divided into EPO group and routine group. Patients with delayed renal function recovery were excluded, and the remaining patients were further analyzed. The general, laboratory and follow-up data of the two groups were compared, and adverse drug reactions were observed. 【Results】 The hemoglobin (P=0.026), red blood cell count (P=0.038) and hematocrit (P=0.011) in EPO group were higher than those in the routine group 2 weeks after operation, while the postoperative serum creatinine level was lower (P=0.001). Since the first week after operation, the reticulocyte count in EPO group was significantly higher than that in routine group (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between hemoglobin and serum creatinine in EPO group at week 1 (r=-0.375, P=0.010) and week 2 (r=-0.386, P=0.008). During the treatment, 6 patients showed transient elevation of serum potassium, which returned to normal after symptomatic treatment, and no obvious adverse drug reactions were observed. 【Conclusion】 Continuous application of erythropoietin in the early stage after renal transplantation can significantly improve anemia in renal transplant patients and promote the recovery of renal function.

OBJECTIVES: The integrated model of prenatal diagnosis and postnatal treatment for congenital heart disease (CHD) leads to an increasing number of operation in infants. This study aims to reveal the risk factors for postoperative early mortality and delayed recovery in infants less than 3 months old, who underwent surgical treatment for CHD in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University during the past 5 years. METHODS: Clinical variables were collected via medical records. Delayed recovery was defined as the time of postoperative intubation, or cardiac intensive cure unit (CICU) stay, or hospital stay longer than its third quartile. Risk factors for early postoperative prognosis and the odds ratio (OR) were analyzed with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 511 infants underwent surgical treatment for CHD from January 2016 to June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, including 217 (42.5%) infants with complex CHD. The median age was 60 days (3 hours-90 days); and median weight was 4.5 (1.7- 8.4 kg). There were 26 postoperative mortalities, making the incidence at 5.1%, including 5 (5/294, 0.7%) mortalities in patients with uncomplicated CHD, and 21 (9.6%) mortalities in patients with complex CHD. Based on multivariable analysis, risk factors for postoperative mortality were diagnosis of complex CHD (OR=5.53, P<0.001), weight under 4.0 kg (OR=9.86, P<0.001), preoperative symptoms (OR=3.17, P=0.012), and emergency operation (OR=11.66, P<0.001). The median time for postoperative intubation, CICU stay, and hospital stay were 21.0 (0.3-979.0) hours, 3.0 (0.5-91.0) days, and 11.5 (3.0-105.0) days, respectively. A total of 177 (34.6%) infants delayed recover, with risk factors including diagnosis of complex CHD (OR=3.41, P=0.001), weight under 4.0 kg (OR=4.55, P<0.001), and preoperative symptoms (OR=3.91, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Surgical treatment for infants (<3 months) with CHD is still a challenge, particularly for infants with complex CHD and weight under 4.0 kg. We can improve the prognosis of CHD treatment in infants by establishing the integrated model of prenatal diagnosis and postnatal treatment to choose the most suitable time window, avoid symptoms before surgery, and reduce emergency operation.
Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital/complications* ; Humans ; Infant ; Length of Stay ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Through the definition of the concepts of disabled and demented elderly, caregivers, work ethic, and ethical principles of caring for elderly with disability and dementia, this paper analyzed the ethical risk factors from the work ethics level of caregivers, the overall service ability and management level of care industry, the caregivers’ occupational burnout, and the degree of social public support and recognition of caregivers’ profession. It is proposed that paying attention to the cultivation of the caregivers’ work ethic quality, establishing the work ethic supervision and evaluation system of caregivers of the elderly with disability and dementia, exploring the successful experience of integrating ethic norms into the care of the elderly with disability and dementia, and safeguarding the rights and interests of the caregivers of the elderly with disability and dementia, so as to gradually reduce the work ethic risk of caregivers of the elderly with disability and dementia, improve the work ethic quality of caregivers, and safeguard the rights and interests of the disabled and demented elderly to the greatest extent.

Purpose: Plasma osmolality, a marker of dehydration, is associated with cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to investigate whether elevated plasma osmolality is associated with case fatality within 1 year after severe acute ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: We included severe ischemic stroke patients (defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥15 score) within 24 hours from symptom onset admitted to the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital between January 2017 and June 2019. Admission plasma osmolality was calculated using the equation 1.86 * (sodium+potassium)+1.15 * glucose+urea+14. Elevated plasma osmolality was defined as plasma osmolality >296 mOsm/kg, indicating a state of dehydration. Study outcomes included 3-month and 1-year case fatalities. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine independent associations between plasma osmolality and case fatalities at different time points. Results: A total of 265 patients with severe acute ischemic stroke were included. The mean age was 71.2±13.1 years, with 51.3% being males. Among the included patients, case fatalities were recorded for 31.7% (84/265) at 3 months and 39.6% (105/265) at 1 year. Elevated plasma osmolality (dehydration) was associated with 3-month case fatality [odds ratio (OR) 1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–3.66, p=0.029], but not 1-year case fatality (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.84–2.72, p=0.165), after full adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusion Elevated plasma osmolality was independently associated with 3-month case fatality, but not 1-year case fatality, for severe acute ischemic stroke.

Patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) is a subtype of knee osteoarthritis that has gained popularity in recent years due to its high prevalence and disease burden. The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital) and the Joint Surgery Branch of the Chinese Orthopaedic Association, together with the editorial department of the Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics, convened a panel of orthopaedic experts to come up with guidelines. Subsequently, the Chinese clinical practice guideline for patellofemoral osteoarthritis (2020 edition) was officially released in September 2020. This is of utmost importance in standardizing the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PFOA in China. The present guideline focused on the diagnosis (symptoms, signs and imaging changes), non-surgical interventions (primary treatment and pharmacotherapy) and surgical interventions (repair and reconstruction) of PFOA. The present interpretation aims to address key emerging clinical issues in the diagnosis and treatment of PFOA in China.

Purpose: Plasma osmolality, a marker of dehydration, is associated with cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to investigate whether elevated plasma osmolality is associated with case fatality within 1 year after severe acute ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: We included severe ischemic stroke patients (defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥15 score) within 24 hours from symptom onset admitted to the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital between January 2017 and June 2019. Admission plasma osmolality was calculated using the equation 1.86 * (sodium+potassium)+1.15 * glucose+urea+14. Elevated plasma osmolality was defined as plasma osmolality >296 mOsm/kg, indicating a state of dehydration. Study outcomes included 3-month and 1-year case fatalities. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine independent associations between plasma osmolality and case fatalities at different time points. Results: A total of 265 patients with severe acute ischemic stroke were included. The mean age was 71.2±13.1 years, with 51.3% being males. Among the included patients, case fatalities were recorded for 31.7% (84/265) at 3 months and 39.6% (105/265) at 1 year. Elevated plasma osmolality (dehydration) was associated with 3-month case fatality [odds ratio (OR) 1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–3.66, p=0.029], but not 1-year case fatality (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.84–2.72, p=0.165), after full adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusion Elevated plasma osmolality was independently associated with 3-month case fatality, but not 1-year case fatality, for severe acute ischemic stroke.

To analyse the clinical data of reoperations in congenital heart disease and discuss the management strategy of reoperation for congenital heart disease.
 Methods: We retrospectively studied the clinical data for patients underwent reoperation in congenital heart disease in Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2007 to December 2015. Demographic and operative details, in-hospital mortality and major postoperative complications were analysed.
 Results: A total of 8 647 congenital heart disease surgery procedures were performed, including 147 (1.7%) reoperations. Among the patients, residual septal defect repair (30 cases, 20.4%), planed staged operation (28 cases, 19.0%), and Fontan procedure (20 cases, 13.6%) were the most common kinds of reoperation. In addition, 140 (95%) operations were through repeat sternotomies, 144 (98%) patients underwent operation with cardiopulmonary bypass, and 100 (68%) with cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross clamp were maintained for 21-447 (135.5±87.8) minutes and 0-202 (49.9±49.7) minutes. There were 10 in-hospital deaths with a total mortality of 6.8%. The major complications included low cardiac output syndrome (24 cases, 16.3%), renal dysfunction (7 cases, 4.8%), respiratory insufficiency (14 cases, 9.5%), unplanned reoperations for drainage of haemorrhagic cardiac tamponade (4 cases), and delayed sternal closure (2 cases).
 Conclusion: Repeat sternotomy is the main way of reoperation, but it is not a major risk for operative mortality and morbidity. Improving the management of complex malformation, standardizing the follow-up, choosing the right timing of surgery, and reducing surgical complications will help reduce the risk of reoperation.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; surgery ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

To examine the association between dietary zinc intake and phalangeal osteoporosis.
 Methods: The subjects of this study were members aged over 40 years or above of the general population who had undergone routine health examinations at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University in Changsha, Hunan, China, between October 2013 and December 2015. Dietary zinc intake was measured using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Phalangeal osteoporosis was diagnosed according to the WHO criteria based on the assessment of bone mineral density. According to the quartile distribution, serum zinc concentrations were classified into categories: Q1≤15.40 mg/d, Q2 15.41-18.67 mg/d, Q3 18.68-22.76 mg/d, and Q4≥22.77 mg/d. The association between dietary zinc intake with phalangeal osteoporosis was evaluated by conducting multivariable adjusted logistic regression. The dose-response relationship between them was assessed by restricted cubic spline regression.
 Results: A total of 6 267 subjects were included, 602 (9.6%) among them were suffered from phalangeal osteoporosis. The multivariable-adjusted models (i.e. Model 2 and 3) showed that, compared with the lowest quartile, the odds ratios (ORs) for phalangeal osteoporosis were lower in the second, third and fourth quartiles of dietary zinc intake (Model 2: P for trend = 0.045; Model 3: P for trend = 0.031) in the total population; the ORs for phalangeal osteoporosis were lower in the third and fourth quartiles of dietary zinc intake (Model 2 and 3: P for trend = 0.018) in the male population; and the ORs for phalangeal osteoporosis were lower in the second, third and fourth dietary zinc intake quartiles (Model 2: P for trend = 0.227; Model 3: P for trend = 0.217) in the female population. There also existed dose-response relationship between dietary zinc intake and the prevalence of phalangeal osteoporosis (P<0.001).
 Conclusion: Dietary zinc intake is negatively associated with phalangeal osteoporosis in the total population and male subgroup, but not female subgroup.
Adult ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; Zinc

To examine the association between serum copper concentration and the prevalence of hypertension in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).
 Methods: A total of 935 patients who were aged ≥40 years and underwent routine checkups from October 2013 to November 2014 at the Health Management Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University were included. They were diagnosed as knee OA by weight-bearing bilateral anteroposterior radiography. Serum copper concentration was measured using the chemiluminescence method. Blood pressure was measured by an electronic sphygmomanometer. The association between serum copper concentration and hypertension was evaluated by conducting multivariable adjusted logistic regression.
 Results: Compared with the lowest quintile, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and related 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of hypertension were 1.46 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.09, P for trend=0.035) and 1.47 (95% CI 0.77 to 2.78, P for trend=0.032) in the total population and female subgroup of the highestest quintile, respectively. There was no significant association between serum copper and hypertension in male subgroup among OA patients (OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.93, P for trend=0.354).
 Conclusion: The serum copper concentration was significantly associated with the prevalence of hypertension in total population and female subgroup, but may not in male subgroup among patients with knee OA.
Adult ; Copper ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; complications ; Risk Factors