ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Tongluo Mingmu capsules in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy with blood stasis， collateral obstruction， and Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome. MethodA randomized， double-blind， positive-control， and multi-center clinical trial design method was used. 416 patients with diabetic retinopathy with blood stasis， collateral obstruction， and Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome in four test centers were included （the ratio of the treatment group to the control group was 3∶1）. On the basis of standardized hypoglycemic treatment， the treatment group was given both four Tongluo Mingmu capsules and two Calcium Dobesilate capsule agents three times a day， while the control group were given both two Calcium Dobesilate capsules and four Tongluo Mingmu capsule agents three times a day. The course of treatment was 12 weeks. The curative effect of Tongluo Mingmu capsules was evaluated by comparing the comprehensive curative effect of diabetic retinopathy， traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome score， corrected visual acuity， fundus changes， fundus fluorescence angiography， and other curative effect indexes before and after treatment in the two groups. At the same time， general examination， laboratory examination， and adverse events were performed to evaluate the safety of the drug. ResultThe baseline demographic data and disease characteristics of the treatment group and the control group were balanced and comparable， with the difference not statistically significant. After 12 weeks of treatment， the total effective rate of the comprehensive curative effect of diabetic retinopathy in the treatment group （61.0%， 189/310） was better than that in the control group （44.1%， 45/102）， and the difference was statistically significant （χ²=8.880， P<0.01）. The total effective rate of TCM syndromes in the treatment group （88.4%， 259/293） was better than that in the control group （69.9%， 65/93）， and the difference was statistically significant （χ²=17.927， P<0.01）. The disappearance rate of dry eyes （χ²=8.305）， dull complexion （χ²=4.053）， lassitude （χ²=10.267）， shortness of breath （χ²=8.494）， and dry stool （χ²=8.657） in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group， and the difference between the groups was statistically significant （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In terms of improving corrected visual acuity （χ²=8.382）， fundus changes （χ²=6.026） ， the treatment group was significantly better than the control group （P<0.05）. During the trial， the incidence of adverse events in the treatment group and the control group was 1.3% and 2.9%， respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups. In addition， there were no serious adverse events and adverse events leading to withdrawal in both groups. ConclusionTongluo Mingmu capsules can improve the comprehensive curative effect of diabetic retinopathy and enhance the efficacy of TCM syndromes， visual acuity， fundus changes， and fundus fluorescein angiography， with great safety. Therefore， it can provide a new alternative therapeutic drug for patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Wenjing Decoction in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis through network pharmacological methods, and conducting animal experiments to verify the core targets.Methods:The TCMSP database platform was used to screen the active components and related targets of Wenjing Decoction, and the Uniprot database was used to obtain the target genes corresponding to the active components of Wenjing Decoction. The network diagram of "Chinese materia medica-compound-target" was constructed in Cytoscape 3.7.2, and the GeneCards database was used to search liver fibrosis related targets. String database was used to construct a protein interaction network (PPI) to screen the core components and key targets of liver fibrosis, and GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment were performed. Animal experiments were conducted to verify the results of the analysis. 10 mice were selected as the blank group, and the remaining 45 rats were induced with carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis model. After modeling, 40 successfully modeled rats were divided into model group and Wenjing Decoction high, medium-, and low-dosage groups using a random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. Wenjing Decoction high, medium-, and low-dosage groups were orally administered with 1.5×3.18, 3.18, and 0.5×3.18 g/kg Wenjing Decoction, respectively. The blank group was orally administered with equal volume distilled water once a day for 8 consecutive weeks. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological and morphological changes in the liver of rats. The serum GPT and GOT levels of rats were detected using a fully automated biochemical analyzer, and the expressions of TNF, AKT, and IL-6 proteins in rat liver tissue was detected using Western Blot.Results:A total of 188 active components of Wenjing Decoction were obtained, and the active components with higher degree values were β-sitosterol, quercetin, naringenin, etc. 799 liver fibrosis gene targets were collected, and the core target genes of the PPI network were TNF, AKT, IL6, etc. The key anti-hepatic fibrosis related pathways were obtained by GO function and KEGG analysis, including pathway in cancer, TNF, PI3K-Akt and other signalling pathways. Results of animal experiments showed that there were obvious inflammatory infiltration, collagen fibre and pseudo lobe generation in the liver tissue of rats in the model group, and the levels of inflammation and fibrosis in the liver tissue of rats in the Wenjing Decoction high, medium-, and low-dosage groups were improved to different degrees compared with that of the model group; compared with the model group, the levels of serum GPT and GOT decreased ( P<0.05); the protein expressions of TNF, AKT and IL6 in the Wenjing Decoction high, medium-, and low-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Wenjing Decoction may exert anti-liver fibrosis effects by intervening in TNF, AKT, IL6 targets, regulating cancer pathways, TNF, PI3K Akt and other signaling pathways.

Objective:To explore the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a cohort aged 40 years and above in Songjiang District, Shanghai, and to analyze the association of Mediterranean diet pattern and dietary approaches in stopping hypertension pattern (DASH) with the risk of developing COPD.Methods:Based on a natural population cohort in Songjiang District, Shanghai, 27 474 adults aged 40 years and above who did not have COPD at baseline were enrolled in the study. The Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the association of baseline Mediterranean diet pattern score and DASH score with the risk of COPD, and the hazard ratio ( HR) of the risk and its 95% CI were calculated. Restricted cubic spline was used to analyze the nonlinear association between the two diet scores and the risk of COPD. Stratified analyses were performed according to gender, age, smoking status, etcetera. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by censoring cases diagnosed within one year after the baseline survey or people with a history of malignant tumor disease. Results:As of June 30, 2023, after a median follow-up time of 6.21 years, there were 1 089 (4.0%) new COPD cases with an incidence density of 64.00 per 10 000 person-years. After adjusting for relevant confounders, in the Mediterranean tertile subgroups under diet pattern score, the risk of developing COPD could be reduced by approximately 14% in the intermediate scoring group ( HR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.75-0.99) and 15% in the highest scoring group ( HR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.72-0.99) compared to the lowest scoring group. The association remained after censoring cases diagnosed within one year of the baseline survey ( HR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.95; HR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.97) or censoring people with a history of malignant tumor disease ( HR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.97; HR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.71-0.99). No statistical association was found between the DASH score and the risk of COPD. Conclusions:The Mediterranean diet pattern was associated with a lower risk of COPD. Increasing the intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains and decreasing the intake of red meat and others can reduce the risk of COPD. No association was found between the DASH dietary pattern and the risk of COPD in this community population.

Objective To explore the impact of exercise intervention on the reading abilities of chil-dren with Chinese developmental dyslexia(CDD).Methods Twenty-seven CDD children were recruited from patients of Peking University Sixth Hospital,and randomly divided into a CDD exercise interven-tion group of 14 and a CDD control group of 13.Another 14 age-matched normal children were select-ed into a normal control group.All groups kept daily physical activities in school,while the CDD ex-ercise intervention group additionally underwent 8-week individualized gross and fine motor interven-tion.The literacy,reading fluency and reading comprehension of all groups were evaluated by using"Elementary School Students'Literacy Test and Evaluation Scale",one-minute word reading and ele-mentary school students'reading ability assessment.Results Before the intervention,there were no sig-nificant differences between the exercise intervention and control groups in the literacy level,reading fluency,and reading comprehension(P>0.05),which were all significantly lower than the normal con-trol group(P<0.05).However,after the intervention,significant improvement was observed in the aver-age literacy level,reading fluency,and reading comprehension of the CDD exercise intervention group,and the literacy and reading fluency of the CDD control group,as well as the average literacy level and reading comprehension of the normal control group.Moreover,there were no significant differ-ences between the CDD exercise intervention and control groups in the average literacy level and read-ing fluency score(P>0.05),both significantly lower than the normal control group(P<0.05).Mean-while,the reading comprehension score of the CDD exercise intervention group was significantly higher than the CDD control group(P<0.05),but significantly lower than the normal control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Eight-week targeted gross and fine motor intervention can effectively improve reading abili-ty of DD children,especially their reading comprehension.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and adverse reactions of whole-lung low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) in patients with severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:Eight patients with severe/critical COVID-19 treated in the Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University from January to June 2023 who were treated with whole-lung LDRT after deteriorating or failing to improve post-medical treatment were enrolled in this single-arm phase I clinical trial. They received anterior-posterior penetrating radiation in a supine or prone position, with a total dose range from 0.5 to 1.5 Gy and a dose weight ratio of 1∶1. The oxygenation status, inflammatory markers, and imaging changes before and after radiotherapy were analyzed, and patients were followed up for acute radiation-induced adverse reactions.Results:One week after LDRT, the SaO 2/FiO 2 or PaO 2/FiO 2 indices increased in seven patients (87.5%), inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) decreased in seven patients (87.5%), and chest CT/chest radiographs revealed a significant reduction in the extent of pneumonia involvement in 5 patients (62.5%). No evident acute radiation-related adverse reactions were observed. Conclusions:Whole-lung LDRT with a dose range from 0.5 to 1.5 Gy can reduce inflammatory markers, improve clinical symptoms, and promote inflammatory absorption in patients with severe/critical COVID-19 who responded poorly to medical treatment while not inducing acute adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) combined with programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors in sequential with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) for the treatment of advanced metastatic solid tumors. Methods A prospective single-center single-arm study was designed for patients failed standard treatments for advanced refractory solid tumors in the Department of Radiotherapy of Jiangyin Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, and eligible patients were given quadruple therapy: HFRT (5 to 8 Gy × 2 to 3 f) once every 21 days for at least 2 cycles; 200 μg GM-CSF from the 1st to 7th day of radiotherapy, and 2 million IU IL-2 from the 8thto 14th day. Within 1 week after the completion of HFRT, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were used for treatment. The above treatment strategy was repeated. GM-CSF and IL-2 were treated for 6 cycles, followed by maintenance with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors until disease progression (PD) or intolerable toxicity occurred. Objective response rate (ORR) and treatment-related adverse events were analyzed. Results From January 9, 2021 to June 15, 2023, totally 40 patients were enrolled, with follow-up of 2.8 to 31.0 months and a median follow-up of 9.9 months, and 39 patients (97.5%) completed at least one time tumorsite evaluation within the non-radiotherapy target area. 97.5% of patients had cancers, 2.5% had soft tissue sarcomas, and 20.0% had received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) at baseline check. The ORR was 30.8%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 71.8%; the ORR for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was 28.6%, and the DCR was 57.1%; the ORR for colorectal cancer was 14.3%, and the DCR was 71.4%; the ORR for gastric cancer was 16.7%, and the DCR was 66.7%; 28 patients (70.0%) had treatment-related adverse events (TRAE), 4 patients (10%) had TRAE≥level 3, and the most common types of TRAE were fatigue, fever and hypothyroidism. Conclusion The treatment of HFRT combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in sequential with GM-CSF and IL-2 is well tolerated and toxicity accepted in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors, which may provide a new method for salvage treatment of patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors.

Radiotherapy, as an important means of tumor treatment, plays a significant role in the treatment of cervical cancer. However, the ovaries are highly sensitive to radiation, which is prone to appear radiation-related injuries, leading to ovarian dysfunction and loss of fertility in young female patients, seriously affecting their physical and mental health. The degree of ovarian injury is influenced by various factors such as the dose, volume, and duration of radiation exposure to the ovaries, as well as the patient's age. Ovarian displacement and advancements in radiotherapy techniques can significantly relieve radiation-related ovarian injury. Currently, drug protection techniques are still immature, and new fertility preservation methods are receiving increasing attention but require further improvement. This article reviewed the research progress in the molecular mechanisms, prevention strategies, and new fertility preservation techniques for ovarian injury related to cervical cancer radiotherapy, aiming to provide a reference for ovarian function protection during radiotherapy for young cervical cancer patients.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of serological indicators and evaluate the diagnostic value of a new established combined serological model on identifying the minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:This prospective multicenter study enrolled 263 compensated cirrhotic patients from 23 hospitals in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China between October 2021 and August 2022. Clinical data and laboratory test results were collected, and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated. Ammonia level was corrected to the upper limit of normal (AMM-ULN) by the baseline blood ammonia measurements/upper limit of the normal reference value. MHE was diagnosed by combined abnormal number connection test-A and abnormal digit symbol test as suggested by Guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. The patients were randomly divided (7∶3) into training set ( n=185) and validation set ( n=78) based on caret package of R language. Logistic regression was used to establish a combined model of MHE diagnosis. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve. The internal verification was carried out by the Bootstrap method ( n=200). AUC comparisons were achieved using the Delong test. Results:In the training set, prevalence of MHE was 37.8% (70/185). There were statistically significant differences in AMM-ULN, albumin, platelet, alkaline phosphatase, international normalized ratio, MELD score and education between non-MHE group and MHE group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that AMM-ULN [odds ratio ( OR)=1.78, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.05-3.14, P=0.038] and MELD score ( OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.20, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for MHE, and the AUC for predicting MHE were 0.663, 0.625, respectively. Compared with the use of blood AMM-ULN and MELD score alone, the AUC of the combined model of AMM-ULN, MELD score and education exhibited better predictive performance in determining the presence of MHE was 0.755, the specificity and sensitivity was 85.2% and 55.7%, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve showed that the model had good calibration ( P=0.733). The AUC for internal validation of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.752. In the validation set, the AUC of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.794, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good calibration ( P=0.841). Conclusion:Use of the combined model including AMM-ULN, MELD score and education could improve the predictive efficiency of MHE among patients with compensated cirrhosis.

Objective:To understand the prevalence of arboviruses in mosquito samples in Xichang City, Sichuan Province, and enrich the data of arbovirus activity and genetic characteristics in southwestern Sichuan Province.Methods:In June 2018, the nucleic acid was extracted from Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes collected from different pigsties in three villages and suburbs of Xichang City. The specific primers of Yunnan orbivirus, Banna virus, Tibet orbivirus (S7, S10), Flavivirus and alphavirus were used for quantitative polymerase chain reaction examination, and the positive product was cloned for sequencing analysis. Results:A total of 9 012 mosquitoes were collected, of which Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant species. A number of 88 batches of these mosquitoes were amplified, and 2 strains of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), 7 strains of Banna virus (BAV), 7 strains of Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) and 1 strain of Yunnan orbivirus virus (YOUV) were detected, respectively. By the results of cluster analysis and evolutionary tree analysis, the 17 newly found virus strains were close to the Yunnan isolates, and 2 JEV strains were located in the GI-b clade. The other 7 strains of BAV were A2 evolutionary clades. Of the 7 TIBOV plants, 6 were located in the same clade. One TOUV was in the same clade as the Yunnan strain. Conclusions:Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes in Xichang city might carry JEV, BAV, YOUV and TIBOV, among them JEV was GI-b type and BAV was A2 type. The results provide data supporting the detection and analysis of arboviruses in Xichang city.

【Objective】 To investigate the incidence of clinical massive blood transfusion in hospitals, the proportion of departments conducted massive blood transfusion and the current situation of component transfusion, so as to provide a theoretical basis for medical decision-making and further research on massive blood transfusion. 【Methods】 The basic clinical data and transfusion of blood components were retrospectively collected from 489 patients (514 occasions) who received massive blood transfusion at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan. 1 2014 to Dec. 31 2018. 【Results】 The incidence of massive blood transfusion during the 5-year period was 1.2/1 000 inpatients (95%CI: 1.1-1.3), and the 30-day all-cause mortality was 21.88%; in the departments where massive blood transfusion occurred, the mortality rate was the highest in the trauma emergency department (60%), followed by intensive care unit (56.25%) and other surgery department (46.67%), while there was no death in the obstetric department. All patients received red blood cells [median 14 U (11.5-19.13)] and plasma [median 1 600 mL (1 200-2 200)], of which 47% received platelet [median 0 U (0-10)] and 32.68% received cryoprecipitate [0 U (0-10)]. The results of logistics regression analysis of all-cause mortality risk showed that compared with the youth group, the risk of all-cause death at 30 days of elderly patients over 65 years old (65 < age ≤79 years old: OR=2.471, 95%CI=[1.044, 5.847], P<0.05; patients with age > 80 years old: OR=7.563, 95%CI=[1.587, 36.049], P<0.05) and 24-hour RBC infusion volume greater than 18 U (18≤RBC<27: OR=2.948 95%CI=[1.592, 5.462], P<0.05; RBC≥28: OR=3.992, 95%CI=[1.178, 13.536], P<0.05) was higher. 【Conclusion】 A dynamic definition should be included in massive transfusion studies. If only a 24-hour RBC infusion volume ≥18 U was used as the mass transfusion definition, about 68% of cases would be lost. The mortality rate of patients with massive blood transfusion was higher, and the incidence of massive blood transfusion was higher in the departments of cardiac surgery, general surgery and orthopedics surgery. More attention should be paid to the increasing number of female patients with massive blood transfusion. In addition, the risk of 30-day all-cause death was highest in elderly patients over 65 years of age and those with a 24-hour erythrocyte transfusion level of ≥18 U.