Objective: To explore the changes of mechanosensitive channels Piezos (Piezo 1 and Piezo 2) in neurogenic bladder (NB) of young rats and their effects，so as to provide reference for clinical search of new therapeutic targets. Methods: A total of 30 female young SD rats were divided into 5 groups based on random number table method：sham operation group (sham)，2-week nerve transection group (NB-2W)，6-week nerve transection group (NB-6W)，2-week nerve transection + Piezos inhibitor group (NB-P-2W) and 6-week nerve transection + Piezos inhibitor group (NB-P-6W)，with 6 rats in each group.The NB models were constructed by transecting the L6 and S1 spinal nerves of young rats.The NB-2W and NB-6W groups were not intervened after modeling，while the NB-P-2W and NB-P-6W groups were intraperitoneally injected with Piezos inhibitor GsMTx4 (10 mg/kg) every 2 days after modeling.Bladder cystometry and ultrasound were performed after 2 and 6 weeks of transection.The expressions of Piezos and fibrosis-related indexes (Collagen Ⅰ and α-smooth muscle actin) were detected in bladder tissues. Results: The results of bladder cystometry showed that the basal bladder pressure in NB-2W group was significantly increased，while it was slightly decreased but was still higher in NB-6W group than in the sham group (P<0.05).Basal bladder pressure was lower in NB-P-2W group than in NB-2W group，but was higher than that in the sham group; basal bladder pressure was lower in NB-P-6W group than in NB-6W group，but higher than that in the sham group (P<0.05).Compared with the sham group，the NB-2W and NB-6W groups had firstly increased and then decreased maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) (P<0.05).Compared with NB-2W group，NB-P-2W group had lower bladder leakage point pressure (BLPP)，but higher MCC and bladder compliance (BC) (P<0.05).Compared with NB-6W group，NB-P-6W group had significantly lower BLPP but higher MCC and BC (P<0.05).HE and MASSON staining and ultrasound results showed that，with the extension of nerve transection time，bladder fibrosis gradually worsened，the bladder wall became rough and thickened，calculi were visible inside，and hydronephrosis gradually appeared; the degree of fibrosis in NB-P-2W and NB-P-6W groups was less than that in NB-2W and NB-6W groups，and no hydronephrosis was observed in the upper urinary tract.In addition，Western blotting and immunohistochemical results showed that NB-2W and NB-6W groups had significantly higher relative expression levels of Piezos，Collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA than the sham group (P<0.01)，while NB-P-2W and NB-P-6W groups had lower relative expression levels of Piezos,Collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA than NB-2W and NB-6W groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: The increased expressions of mechanosensitive channels Piezos in NB young rats may be involved in the progression of bladder fibrosis，but its mechanism needs further study.

Objective:To establish a nomogram model based on elastic imaging parameters and ultrasound image features, and evaluate its predictive value in central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) .Methods:The clinical data of 168 patients (the research group) with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent thyroid surgery in our hospital from Jan. 2019 to Dec. 2021 were retrospectively collected, including gender, age, ultrasound elastography parameters (elasticity ratio, blue area ratio), and ultrasound examination indicators (nodule diameter, nodule number, internal echo, border, edge, aspect ratio, microcalcification, capsule invasion). Another 150 patients who underwent thyroid surgery in our hospital during the same period were selected as the validation group.According to the results of postoperative pathological examination, the the research group were divided into two groups: 64 cases (38.10%) of CLNM and 104 cases (61.90%) of non-CLNM. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of CLNM in PTC patients, and a nomogram model based on elastic imaging parameters and ultrasound image features was established. The nomogram model was drawn to predict the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of CLNM in PTC patients.Results:There were statistically significant differences in nodule diameter, edge, microcalcification, capsule invasion, blue area ratio, and elasticity ratio ( P<0.05). Most of the nodules in the CLNM group were ≥10 mm in diameter, with uneven margins, an aspect ratio of <1, microcalcifications and capsular invasion. Logistic regression analysis showed that nodule diameter, capsule invasion, blue area ratio and elastic ratio were risk factors for CLNM ( P<0.05). The AUC of the combined detection was 0.857 (0.777-0.937), and the sensitivity and specificity were 78.1% and 86.5%, respectively, and the AUC and sensitivity were significantly higher than the individual detection of each index ( P<0.05). In the research group, the sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound parameter prediction model in predicting CLNM were 81.25% (52/64) and 84.62% (88/104), respectively. In the validation group, the sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound parameter prediction model in predicting CLNM were 79.17% (38/48) and 85.29% (87/102), respectively. Conclusion:Elastography parameters (blue area ratio, elasticity ratio) and ultrasound image features (nodule diameter, capsular invasion) are the influencing factors of CLNM in PTC patients, and the combined prediction based on the above four indicators has good application value.

BACKGROUND:Intervertebral disc degeneration is clinically considered to be the main cause of low back pain,but due to the unclear pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration,there is still a lack of effective means to delay the progression of the disease.Single-cell RNA sequencing technology can amplify and sequence mRNA at the single-cell level,reveal the gene expression intensity of a single cell,discover different cell subsets in tissues according to the heterogeneity of cells,study the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration at the molecular level,and provide a new theoretical basis for its early diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE:To introduce the basic principles of single-cell RNA sequencing technology and review the research progress of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in intervertebral disc degeneration in recent years. METHODS:A computer was used to search PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and WanFang databases for the literature published from 2012 to 2022.Key words were"single-cell RNA sequencing,intervertebral disc degeneration,sequencing Technology"in Chinese and English.Duplicate,poor-quality and irrelevant articles were excluded;a total of 70 articles were eventually included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)We identified new cell subsets such as homeostatic chondrocytes,hypertrophy chondrocyte-like nucleus pulposus cells and fibrous nucleus pulposus cells,identified the marker genes and transcription factors of these cell subsets,and described the functions,differentiation paths and cell fate of these cell subsets during the development and progression of intervertebral disc degeneration,and proposed the concept of progenitor nucleus pulposus cells.A cell subpopulation with progenitor nucleus pulposus cells properties was identified and its effectiveness in treating intervertebral disc degeneration was verified in mice.(2)Fibro chondrocyte-like annulus fibrosus cells and annulus fibrosus stem cells with both cartilage and fiber properties were identified,and a new type of composite hydrogel was prepared by combining fibrous cartilage inducers silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid in vitro.Experiments in mice demonstrated that this hydrogel could repair both annulus fibrosus tissue and cartilage matrix,and was remarkably effective in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.(3)Regulatory chondrocytes were found in endplate cartilage.Two distinct fates in the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration were analyzed and the differential genes in the two fates were identified.Intercellular communication analysis indicated that regulatory chondrocytes interact with endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis.(4)Immune cells such as macrophages,T cells,myeloid progenitor cells and neutrophils were identified in the degenerated intervertebral disc tissues,demonstrating the existence of immune response during intervertebral disc degeneration.It was found that apolipoprotein induced the polarization of macrophages M1 and M2 subtypes,and this polarization process affected the activity of progenitor nucleus pulposus cells by amplifying the inflammatory response through the MIF signaling pathway.

Prompt gamma rays are a kind of secondary radiation produced in particle therapy, and prompt gamma information largely reflects the incidence of particles. Consequently, use of prompt gamma information to verify the range of particles is a promising verification method. In this article, the concept of prompt gamma ray in vivo range verification and the advantages of prompt gamma verification over existing methods were introduced. Secondly, the progress in developing a method for range verification using prompt gamma in recent years was reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of three methods including prompt gamma imaging (PGI), prompt gamma timing (PGT) and prompt gamma spectroscopy (PGS) were discussed. Finally, these three methods were summarized, and the development trend of prompt gamma rays for in vivo range monitoring was prospected.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between long-term use of low-dose aspirin and Helicobacter pylori(HP)infection in elderly people and its effectiveness on HP eradication and recurrence.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2 834 elderly people aged 60 and above who underwent the C 13-or C 14-urea breath test(UBT)for the first time in the Physical Examination Center of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University between March 2010 and December 2019.According to the results of UBT, people were divided into an HP infection group with 1 510 patients and a non-HP infection group with 1 324 patients.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the relationship between aspirin use and HP infection.Additionally, in a prospective case-control analysis, 544 elderly hypertensive patients diagnosed with HP infection between March 2015 and December 2020 were selected and divided into an aspirin group(402 cases)and an observation group(142 cases), based on whether aspirin was used.The aspirin group was further divided into a 1 to <2 years group(134 cases), a ≥2 to <5 years group(142 cases)and a ≥5 years group(126 cases)based on the duration of aspirin treatment.The rates of HP eradication, safety and one-year post-treatment HP recurrence with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy were compared. Results:The overall HP infection rate was 53.28%(1 510/2 834).Univariate analysis showed that the infection rate in women was higher than in men[56.86%(584/1 027) vs.51.25%(926/1 807), χ2=8.307, P=0.004].The infection rate in aspirin users was higher than in non-aspirin users[57.29%(920/1 606) vs.48.05%(590/1 228), χ2=23.866, P<0.001], with no significant difference between aspirin use for 1-<2 years, ≥2-<5 years and ≥5 years[60.22%(162/269) vs.56.4%(273/484) vs.56.86%(485/853), χ2=1.166, P=0.558].Fasting blood glucose levels in the HP infection group were higher than in the non-HP infection group[(5.92±1.78)mmol/L vs.(5.77±1.40)mmol/L, t=2.317, P=0.021].Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed the risk of HP infection in women was higher than in men( OR=1.254, 95% CI: 1.075-1.464, P=0.004).Long-term aspirin use increased the risk of HP infection( OR=1.450, 95% CI: 1.249-1.684, P<0.001).Among the 544 cases selected for eradication therapy, 522 completed the treatment protocol, with 479 achieving successful eradication.The overall eradication rate was 91.76%(479/522)according to per-protocol(PP)analysis and 88.05%(479/544)according to intention-to-treat(ITT).After 1 year, 472 cases underwent reexamination, with an overall recurrence rate of 3.6%(17/472).There was no statistical significance in the eradication rate and recurrence rate among the groups with different durations of aspirin treatment and the observation group. Conclusions:Long-term use of low-dose aspirin increases the risk of HP infection in the elderly, but does not affect the eradication rate and one-year recurrence rate of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.Therefore, periodic screening and eradication of HP should be performed.

Objective To solve the problem of large data volume,multiple dimensions and low value for assisting traditional Chinese medicine clinical diagnosis in home health perception layer devices.Methods Based on the principles of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis,this paper divides home health data into three types:complementary,redundant,and collaborative,and proposes a solution for data fusion at the levels of device data,home events,and traditional Chinese medicine symptoms.Results The proposed data fusion solution in this paper enables the data collected by various devices in the home environment to work together,extracts home data that is more valuable for traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis,and reduces the real-time pressure on the home network bandwidth caused by the sensors on the home side.Conclusion The construction of an open IoT ecosystem for home health based on multiple devices is a huge project,which includes the construction of perception layer hardware,data cleaning,fusion,normalization,labeling,modeling,and other aspects.This paper focuses on the idea of home health data fusion,which can provide directions for cleaning up heterogeneous data from multiple sources at home and also provide ideas for subsequent data labeling and modeling with traditional Chinese medicine characteristics,thus providing more valuable decision-making assistance for traditional Chinese medicine clinical practice.

Objective The DNA methylation microhaplotype(DMH)refers to the combination of multiple methylation sites within a very short range,and these haplotypes show wide diversity.We carried out screening and validation of age-related DMHs in mouse blood.Methods We initially constructed a theoretical dataset of DMHs based on the mouse reference genome.We then screened age-related DMHs by Spearman's rank correlation analysis,using high-throughput sequencing information for DNA methylation in mouse blood from a network database.Finally,cross-validation was performed using a validation dataset.Results A total of 6787 142 DMH sites were identified within 50 bp in the mouse genome,including 98.64%of single-digit CpG sites.A total of 5835 age-associated DMHs were screened in 58 mouse blood samples(|rho|＞0.5,P＜0.01),accounting for 0.086%of DMHs.Finally,we validated the top 100 age-associated DMHs with high correlation in 95 independent samples,Resultsing in 44 loci.Conclusions The age-associated DMHs screened in this study may be useful in future studies of apparent age prediction using mouse blood and in aging studies.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between inositol-requiring enzyme 1α-X box-binding protein 1 (IRE1α-XBP1) signaling pathway in endoplasmic reticulum and neutrophil extracellular traps during endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.Methods:Forty-eight SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 25-30 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), STF-083010 group (ST group), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI group (ALI group) and LPS-induced ALI + STF-083010 group (ALI+ ST group). The ALI model was established by inhaling aerosolized LPS in ALI group and ALI+ ST group. The equal volume of aerosolized normal saline was inhaled in C and ST groups. IRE1α inhibitor STF-083010 50 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before developing the model in ST and ALI+ ST groups, and the equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected in the other two groups. The mice were sacrificed after anesthesia at 24 h after developing the model. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected for determination of the pathological changes (by light microscopy) which were scored, wet/dry lung weight (W/D) ratio, concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-18 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the BALF supernatant, and expression of phosphorylated IRE1α(p-IRE1α), XBP1s and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit H3) in lung tissues (using Western blot). Results:Compared to group C, the lung injury scores and W/D ratio were significantly increased at 24 h after developing the model, the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-18 and MPO in BALF were increased, and the expression of p-IRE1α, XBP1s and Cit H3 in lung tissues was up-regulated in ALI and ALI+ ST groups. Compared to group L, the lung injury scores and W/D ratio were significantly decreased at 24 h after developing the model, the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-18 and MPO in BALF were decreased, and the expression of p-IRE1α, XBP1s and Cit H3 in lung tissues was down-regulated in group ALT+ ST ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathway in endoplasmic reticulum is involved in endotoxin-induced ALI by up-regulating the expression of neutrophil extracellular traps in mice.

Objective:To examine the relationship between fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels and H. pylori infection, as well as their impact on eradication and recurrence rates.Methods:A total of 1 584 patients with type 2 diabetes, ranging in age from 44 to 91 years old(mean age of 66.6±7.6 years), were included in this study conducted at the Physical Examination Center of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University between March 2010 and December 2019.Of the total participants, 1 063(67.1%)were male and 521(32.9%)were female.Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of age, gender, fasting blood glucose, and H. pylori infection on the patients.In the study, 263 patients in the euglycemic control group(HbA1c<7%), 271 patients in the poor glycemic control group(HbA1c≥7%), and 269 patients in the control group underwent H. pylori eradication using bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, and the eradication efficacy, adverse reactions, and recurrence rates were compared after 1 year.Results:In patients with type 2 diabetes, the infection rate of H. pylori was found to be 48.2%.Further regression analysis revealed that poor glycemic control increased the risk of H. pylori infection( OR=1.611, 95% CI: 1.269~2.045, P<0.01). However, the constituent ratio and infection rate of different hypoglycemic drug groups did not show any significant statistical difference.The eradication rate of H. pylori was 90.9%, and there was no significant difference in the eradication rate among different blood glucose groups and control groups.However, after 1 year, the recurrence rate was 3.8%, with a higher rate observed in the poor glycemic control group compared to the euglycemic control group and the control group( P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in constipation as the main side effect of eradication therapy between the diabetic group and the control group[25.1%(134/253) vs.16.4%(44/269), P<0.01]. Conclusions:Diabetic patients with fasting hyperglycemia or poor glycemic control are at an increased risk of H. pylori infection.Additionally, these patients have a higher risk of recurrence after eradication.Therefore, it is important for clinicians to closely monitor and manage glycemic control in diabetic patients to reduce the risk of H. pylori infection and improve treatment outcomes.

Objective:To explore the clinical and imaging characteristics of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) caused by mitochondrial DNA 14453G>A (m.14453G>A) mutation.Methods:A case of MELAS caused by m.14453G>A mutation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University on October 12, 2021 was reported. At the same time, the reported cases of MELAS and Leigh syndrome (LS) caused by the m.14453G>A mutation were reviewed. This enabled a comprehensive summarization, analysis, and comparison of these cases.Results:The patient was a female. She has suffered from the disease since 13-year old with seizures, accompanied by the disturbance of mood and the loss of memory. Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings consisted of lesions in frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobe and cerebellar. The patient was initially considered with autoimmune encephalitis and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Since direct sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genome from blood of the patient revealed m.14453G>A mutation in ND6 gene, and the mutation rate was 17.0%, the patient eventually diagnosed with MELAS based on clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, and genetic testing results. Using "m.14453G>A" as the search term, the relevant literature in China and abroad was retrieved and those with complete clinical data were identified. A total of 11 cases of m.14453G>A mutation including this case were reported, of whom 5 patients were diagnosed as MELAS, and 6 patients were diagnosed as LS. Among the 11 patients, those being adolescent or adult and with lesions in the cortex and subcortical white matter were probably be MELAS; those being infant or young child and with lesions in basal ganglia, thalamus and brainstem could be LS. Conclusions:Mitochondrial disease caused by m.14453G>A gene mutation shows a great heterogeneity, which can cause MELAS and LS. The clinical phenotype of the m.14453G>A mutation may be related to the age of onset and lesion′ s location.