Objective To investigate the genetic characteristics and recombination of human-infected sapoviruses(SaVs)worldwide using bioinformatics.Methods The complete genome sequences of SaVs were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)while high-quality complete genomes were retained for analysis.Molecular phylogenetic trees of SaVs were constructed to analyze their genetic characteristics,followed by recombination analysis of human-infected SaV strains genetype Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ,and V(G Ⅰ,G Ⅱ,GⅣ,and GⅤ)with recombination analysis software.Results SaVs exhibited substantial genetic diversity worldwide and infected a wide range of hosts.Human-associated SaVs included G Ⅰ,G Ⅱ,GⅣ,and GⅤ,with GⅤ shared between human and swine hosts.Genetype recombination analysis of SaVs revealed a high frequency of recombination in SaV G Ⅱ strains that involved diverse hosts in the field of SaV G V strains.Recombination breakpoints of the virus were concentrated in the major viral proteins 1(VP1)and minor viral proteins 2(VP2).Conclusion Based on systematic analysis of the genetic characteristics of human-infected SaVs,the genotype distribution and prevalence of SaVs are investigated,the recombination patterns of SaV revealed,and its genetic dynamics highlighted.These findings can offer insights into epidemiological trends of viruses and help devise effective prevention and control strategies.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of enterovirus 71 (EV71) and the genetic characteristics of VP1 region in common hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022.Methods:Throat swabs from mild HFMD in Shenzhen sentinel hospitals were collected from 2016 to 2022. A total of 38 EV71-positive samples were screened from these throat swabs and were sequenced. Then, the VP1 sequence of these EV71-positive samples were analyzed for their phylogenetic evolution by bioimformatics software DNAStar and MEGA 6.Results:From 2016 to 2022, the number of EV71 infections among HFMD patients in Shenzhen sentinel hospitals decreased from 136 in 2016 to 0 in 2022. The mumber of EV71 infections in 2018 and 2019 decreased by 96.3%(257/267) compared to that in 2016 and 2017. From 2020 to 2022, the number of EV71 infections decreased to 0. During this period, the EV71 vaccination rate among HFMD patients increased from 6.4% to 39.6%; Evolutionary analysis showed that the nucleotide homology and amino acid homology between 38 EV71 sample strains in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022 were 91.8%-99.9% and 98.3%-100.0%, all belonging to the C4a subgenotype; Among them, 26 strains wene local epidemic strains, and 11 strains were imported from other provinces, with a close genetic relationship with epidemic strains in Hainan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Tianjin, Henan, Jilin, and other places. One strain from 2017 had the closest genetic relationship with the US epidemic strain OP207969-USA-2017. Further comparing the EV71 epidemic strains in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022 and EV71 severe strains, it was found that the EV71 strains in Shenzhen carried four amino acid mutation sites related to severe condition, named R22H, K43R, I249V and T289A.Conclusions:The EV71 epidemic strains in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022 all belong to the C4a subgenotype, and the number of EV71 infection shows a downward trend with the increase of vaccine coverage rate. At the same time, the distribution of EV71 virus strains in Shenzhen shows a significant decrease in local strains and a predominance of imported strains. There are a total of four amino acid mutation sites associated with severe cases in the EV71 sample strains in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022. Among them, 22R and 289T are located at the N and C ends of VP1, which are related to EV71 adsorption and targeting cells. The 43R site is associated with binding ability to Annexin2 protein, which enhances cell binding ability.

PET/CT imaging can reflect the physiological metabolic process in living body which is the model experiment incapable to simulate. Animal experiment may be considered for systematic validation of PET/CT products. The obtained research data can be used to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of PET/CT products, and be submitted as supporting documents for research data or clinical evaluation data when doing product registration or alteration registration. In this study, the functions and advantages of animal experiments were expounded, and relevant research cases were given as well as the issues that should be paid attention to. It can be a reference for the validation and review of PET/CT products.
Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective:To explore the effects of mothers' exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy on their children's neurobehavioral development.Methods:In November 2009 to April 2010, a total of 221 pairs of mother-newborn pairs were recruited from two cooperative hospitals in Taiyuan, and their children were followed up at age two. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the level of BPDE-DNA in cord blood leukocytes. The Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) was used to assess the neurodevelopment of newborns, and the Gesell Development Scale was used to measure neurodevelopmental indexes of 2-year-old children. NBNA includes behavior, active and passive tone, primitive reflexes and general assessment, with a total score of 40 points. The Gesell Developmental Schedules consisted of four sub-scales: motor development, adaptive behavior development, language development and personal-social behavior development. We used mean and standard deviation to describe continuous variables with normal distribution, median (interquartile range) to describe continuous variables with skewed distribution, and frequency and proportion to describe categorical variables. Restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the dose-response relationships between maternal prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and children's neurobehavioral development at two years old. Generalized linear models were applied to evaluate the effect of exposure to maternal prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure on children's neurobehavioral development at 0 and two years old.Results:The NBNA score was 38.0±0.8, and the scores of 2-year-old children's motor, adaptive, language and personal-social were 111.6±15.0, 110.5±14.6, 108.8±17.2 and 111.7±14.5, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, there is no dose-response association between the cord blood BPDE of pregnant women and neonatal NBNA scores, but there were dose-response associations between BPDE and scores of 2-year-old children's motor, adaptive, language and personal-social. A unit increase in cord blood ln (BPDE-DNA), the score of motor, adaptive, language and personal-social of 2-year-old children decreased on average by 4.54、6.29、8.41 and 7.02 points.Conclusion:Maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy is associated with decreased children's neurobehavioral development at two years old.

Objective:To explore the effects of mothers' exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy on their children's neurobehavioral development.Methods:In November 2009 to April 2010, a total of 221 pairs of mother-newborn pairs were recruited from two cooperative hospitals in Taiyuan, and their children were followed up at age two. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the level of BPDE-DNA in cord blood leukocytes. The Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) was used to assess the neurodevelopment of newborns, and the Gesell Development Scale was used to measure neurodevelopmental indexes of 2-year-old children. NBNA includes behavior, active and passive tone, primitive reflexes and general assessment, with a total score of 40 points. The Gesell Developmental Schedules consisted of four sub-scales: motor development, adaptive behavior development, language development and personal-social behavior development. We used mean and standard deviation to describe continuous variables with normal distribution, median (interquartile range) to describe continuous variables with skewed distribution, and frequency and proportion to describe categorical variables. Restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the dose-response relationships between maternal prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and children's neurobehavioral development at two years old. Generalized linear models were applied to evaluate the effect of exposure to maternal prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure on children's neurobehavioral development at 0 and two years old.Results:The NBNA score was 38.0±0.8, and the scores of 2-year-old children's motor, adaptive, language and personal-social were 111.6±15.0, 110.5±14.6, 108.8±17.2 and 111.7±14.5, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, there is no dose-response association between the cord blood BPDE of pregnant women and neonatal NBNA scores, but there were dose-response associations between BPDE and scores of 2-year-old children's motor, adaptive, language and personal-social. A unit increase in cord blood ln (BPDE-DNA), the score of motor, adaptive, language and personal-social of 2-year-old children decreased on average by 4.54、6.29、8.41 and 7.02 points.Conclusion:Maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy is associated with decreased children's neurobehavioral development at two years old.

Objective: To understand health literacy and associated factors of freshmen from Jiangsu Province, and to provide reference for youth health education. Methods: From 2017 October to 2018 October, a total of 15 602 college freshman were randomly selected from 20 universities in Jiangsu Province via stratified cluster sampling method. Structural questionnaires were used to investigate the status of health literacy. The χ 2 test and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of health literacy. Results: The health literacy level of college freshmen from Jiangsu Province was 20.2%, among which the literacy levels of knowledge, behavior and skills were 23.0%, 30.7% and 31.5% respectively. The literacy levels of the six public health issues, including safety and first aid, scientific health attitude, knowledge of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, health information, basic health care, and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, from high to low, were 72.8%, 58.7%, 28.5%, 28.2%, 20.3% and 15.9%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis has showed that students from undergraduate colleges(OR=2.77, 95%CI=2.47-3.11), urban areas(OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.07-1.34), or southern Jiangsu regions(OR=1.10, 95%CI=1.00-1.22), being the only child(OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.03-1.25), higher maternal education level (OR=1.53, 95%CI=1.30-1.79), having both parents(OR=1.16, 95%CI=1.00-1.34), reported higher level of health literacy. Conclusion The three aspects and six dimensions of health literacy of college freshmen were unbalanced. Health literacy is a shared function of multiple factors including society, family, and individuals. It is essential to promote health education through more efforts on key issues, in order to effectively elevate the health literacy level of adolescent students.

The high incidence and fatality rate of recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) have always been the clinical problem. For part of patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer, the secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) followed by platinum-based combination chemotherapy can prolong their survival time and improve quality of life. Therefore, it's a critical matter to accurately identify the patients who will benefit from surgery treatment. Several predictive models have been proposed for the selection of the patients for SCS. This article summarizes the research progress in the surgical treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer in recent years.

Objective: To investigate the current basic situation of the staff of ultrasound departments in Shanghai′s medical institutions, for providing references in making management policy of these professionals. Methods: Questionnaire surveys on human resource and service ability were made to all the ultrasound departments of medical institutions in Shanghai in December 2013 and November 2018 respectively. Data of the two surveys were compared and analyzed, and were descriptively analyzed by mean and percentage. Results: The number of ultrasound professionals per 10 000 people in Shanghai was 1.04 in 2018. Tertiary hospitals had advantages in the number of the professionals, and the proportion of professional qualification, age, education background and professional title of the professionals. Compared to those data in 2013, the number of ultrasound professionals had increased 31.8% in 2018. The proportion of medical practitioners with medical imaging specialty was 95.6%(2 063/2 158), and had increased by 4.7 percent. The medical services workload of ultrasound was 19.82 million person-time, and had increased 45.8%. Conclusions Development of ultrasound departments was rapid, but the development of professionals was unbalanced with the development of medical services. It is suggested to strengthen training of ultrasound professionals and improve the system of hierarchical medical system.

Objective: To study the epidemiology and the etiology characteristics of first imported severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) case reported in Shenzhen city in 2017. Methods: Data on descriptive epidemiology was collected to study the characteristics to the epidemic. The serum sample collected from the suspect SFTS case was detected for IgM, IgG by ELISA and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) nucleic acid by real-time RT-PCR. The samples were further inoculated in Vero cell for virus isolation. The partial fragements of L and S gene were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced to construct homology comparison and phylogenetic tree with the strains isolated from other areas. Results: The case was laboratory confirmed imported SFTS case in Shenzhen on May 2017. IgM antibody and RNA of SFTSV were detected in the serum sample. SFTSV named GDSZ01/2017/China was successfully isolated from the serum sample. The high nucleotide homology of L and S genome segments were found at 95.3%-98.2% and 93.8%-98.8% with other representative strains from the popular provinces, respectively. The phylogenetic tree indicated that GDSZ01 was most close to SDTA_3 strain, next to strains in Hubei procince. The isolated SFTSV belonged to genotype C3 with HB29, HB154. Conclusions The virological, serological and molecular features showed that the imported case of SFTS in 2017 was caused by SFTSV C3 genotype.

Objective: To investigate the genetic characteristics of VP1 genes carried by coxsackievirus A16 strains isolated from cases of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shenzhen during 2016 to 2017. Methods: Fecal and anal swab specimens were collected from patients with mild HFMD in four sentinel hospitals and the Institute of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China during 2016 to 2017. All specimens were tested for CVA16 viral RNA using real-time RT-PCR. The VP1 genes of 51 randomly selected CVA16 strains were amplified by RT-PCR and then sequenced using TaKaRa Biomedical Technology (Dalian). Bioinformatics software, including Mega6.02, BioEdit and DNAStar, was used for comparison and analysis of the VP1 genes. Results: CVA16 strains in Shenzhen during 2016 to 2017 mainly belonged to B1a and B1b subtypes as well as an emerging subtype B3. The epidemic of B1b subtype was found in both 2016 (28 strains) and 2017 (19 strains), while the B1a subtype (two strains) was only detected in 2017. Two B3 subtype strains were detected in 2017. The strains of B1b subtype were closely related to the strains isolated in Shanghai (JQ314149), Wenzhou (KP289416) and Beijing (KU254598), while the B1a subtype strains were closely related to the strains isolated in Kunming (JQ316639) and Tailand (GQ184139). The B3 subtype strain was an emerging CVA16 epidemic strain in mainland China. Further comparison of the CVA16 epidemic strains in Shenzhen area during 2016 to 2017 with the CVA16 strains causing severe neurological symptoms showed that two amino acid mutations (S14N and M23L) were found in VP1 protein. Conclusions The epidemic strains of CVA16 were B1b subtype in Shenzhen area in 2016. However, B1a, B1b and the emerging B3 subtype strains were prevalent in 2017. Compared with the CVA16 strains causing severe neurological symptoms, the CVA16 strains circulating in Shenzhen during 2016 to 2017 carried two amino acid mutations inVP1 protein.