Allergic conjunctivitis is the most common type of allergic eye disease, and the incidence in children and adolescents is increasing year by year. Drug therapy can only relieve some symptoms and only in a short period, while allergen immunotherapy is currently a therapy that can significantly improve the symptoms of chronic allergy and the course of the disease. This method has been used abroad for many years but has yet to be reported in China. The author reviews the effective mechanism and clinical efficiency of allergen immunotherapy and provides a reference for the further clinical application in China.

Objective:To explore the effects of curcumin on the biological characteristics and expressions of NF-κB pathway-related proteins in glucocorticoid-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line Jurkat.Methods:The drug-resistant ALL cell line Jurkat was selected, and 1 μmol/L dexamethasone was used as the optimal concentration for drug resistance of Jurkat cells, and the cells were passaged and cultured. The cells were divided into 10, 25 and 50 μmol/L curcumin groups, as well as 50 μmol/L pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) group, and control group (equal volume of culture medium without drug was added). The cells in each group were cultured for 72 h, and the cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope. The CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation ability of Jurkat cells, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis ability and cell cycle of Jurkat cells, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expressions of NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50, IκBα, and A20 mRNA, and Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50, IκBα, caspase-8, caspase-3, bcl-2, and A20 proteins.Results:Jurkat cells were treated with 10, 25, 50 μmol/L curcumin and 50 μmol/L PDTC for 72 h. In the control group, the cell membranes were basically intact, the size was uniform, the cell was round and transparent, and the cell nucleus had uniform fluorescence; a large number of deformed cells and cell fragments were observed in curcumin groups with different concentrations and 50 μmol/L PDTC group, with concentrated and fragmented nuclei and obvious apoptosis. After treating Jurkat cells with different concentrations of curcumin and 50 μmol/L PDTC for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, the cell proliferation inhibition rates in curcumin groups with different concentrations and PDTC group were higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.01). The apoptosis rates at 72 h in the control group, 10 μmol/L curcumin group, 25 μmol/L curcumin group, 50 μmol/L curcumin group, and 50 μmol/L PDTC group were (4.9±0.1)%, (99.2±0.1)%, (99.9±0)%, (100.0±0)%, and (100.0±0)%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 2 876 604.40, P < 0.001); compared with the control group, the apoptosis rates in curcumin groups with different concentrations and 50 μmol/L PDTC group were higher, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the proportions of S-phase and G 2-phase cells were lower and the proportion of G 1-phase cells was higher in curcumin groups with different concentrations and 50 μmol/L PDTC group at 72 h, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p50 in curcumin groups with different concentrations and 50 μmol/L PDTC group were lower (all P < 0.01), while the protein expressions of IκBα, caspase-8 and caspase-3 were higher (all P < 0.01), the protein expression of bcl-2 was lower ( P < 0.01), and the protein and mRNA expressions of A20 were higher (both P < 0.01). Conclusions:Curcumin can effectively reverse glucocorticoid resistance and promote apoptosis in Jurkat cells, which may be related to the influence of curcumin on NF-κB pathway-related proteins.

Objective:To compare the effect of immediate and delayed post-space preparation on apical sealing ability between 2 root canal obturation techniques.Methods:60 freshly extracted single-rooted human premolars were collected and instrumented by M3-Pro instruments.The specimens were randomly divided into 6 groups and respectively treated by AH-Plus sealer with warm vertical compac-tion(WVC)followed by delayed post-space preparation(PSP)(A1);AH-Plus sealer with WVC followed by immediate PSP(A2);AH-Plus sealer with WVC,control group(A3);iRoot SP sealer with single cone(SC)followed by delayed PSP(B1);iRoot SP sealer with SC followed by immediate PSP(B2);iRoot SP sealer with SC,control group(B3).In group A1,A2,B1 and B2,gutta percha was removed by 1# starter drill and post-space was prepared by 2# finishing drill leaving 5 mm of apical filling.In control groups(A3 and B3),only apical 5 mm of the specimens was obturated.Dye leakage was measured as the linear penetration(LP)of the stain.The SPSS one-way analysis of variance test was used for statistical analysis.Results:The LP(mm)of group A1,A2,A3,B1,B2 and B3 was 3.986±0.500,3.382±0.806,2.178±0.554,3.844±0.877,3.416±0.579 and 1.897±0.217 respectively.Among A1,A2 and A3 groups,P＜0.05.The LP of group A1 was higher than that of group A2(P＜0.05).Among group B1,B2 and B3,P＜0.05,but be-tween group B1 and B2,P＞0.05.Between group A1 and B1,P＞0.05.Between A2 and B2,P＞0.05.Conclusion:Apical sealing is affected by PSP with the 2 root obturation techniques.Delayed PSP may have negative effect on apical sealing compared with immediate PSP,especially in the specimens compacted by AH-Plus sealer with WVC.

Objective To analyze the differences in total corneal astigmatism(TCA)and vectors in different regions centered on the corneal apex or pupil.Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 102 patients(102 eyes)with age-re-lated cataracts who underwent phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation at the Weifang Eye Hospital from October 2021 to June 2022.Before surgery,anterior segment biometrical examinations were performed using Penta-cam to collect the TCA and axes at 2 mm,4 mm,and 6 mm diameter rings and zones with the corneal apex or pupil as the center,and vector analysis was made.Results In the ring mode,a significant difference was observed between the cor-neal apex-centered and pupil-centered astigmatism values for the 6 mm diameter(P＜0.05).In the zone mode,there were statistically significant differences between the corneal apex-centered and pupil-centered astigmatism values for the 2 mm,4 mm,and 6 mm diameters(all P＜0.05).The analysis of the zone and ring modes centered on the corneal apex showed that there were statistically significant differences in astigmatism values for the 2 mm and 6 mm diameters(both P＜0.05).The analysis of the zone and ring modes centered on the pupil showed that there were statistically significant differences in astigmatism values for the 2 mm,4 mm,and 6 mm diameters(all P＜0.05).In the same center,there were no statistically significant differences in astigmatism axes for 2 mm,4 mm,and 6 mm diameters under the ring and zone modes(all P＞0.05).In the same mode,there were no statistically significant differences in astigmatism axes for 2 mm,4 mm,and 6 mm diameters centered on the corneal apex and pupil(all P＞0.05).Vector analysis showed that in the ring mode,the apex-centered to pupil-centered TCA difference of 4 mm on the Y axis was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The comparison between the zone and ring centered on the pupil showed that the TCA difference of 4 mm on the Y axis was statistically sig-nificant(P＜0.05),whereas the other differences were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).Conclusion The TCA shows a mild difference between the corneal apex-centered and pupil-centered modes and between the ring and zone modes,but the astigmatism axis has no obvious difference.There are some differences between vector analysis and con-ventional analysis of TCA.

To address the problems in the traditional teaching of prosthodontics, the Department of Prosthodontics in the School of Stomatology of Shanghai Jiao Tong University has innovated to introduce integrated teaching into undergraduate education in prosthodontics, through systematically combining the related contents of Prosthodontics, Dental Engineering Technology, Dental Materials, and Dental Occlusion, blending theoretical teaching and clinical practice, integrating various teaching forms with traditional teaching, and consolidating teaching resources, to build a comprehensive teaching resource library, develop a multi-dimensional teaching evaluation system, and create an integrated prosthodontics course. The integrated teaching method enhanced undergraduate students' learning motivation and clinical adaptability in prosthodontics, promoted student-student and teacher-student communication, expanded students' thinking and vision, improved students' overall abilities in basic theory, clinical practice, professional literacy, communication, and teamwork, and thus increased the quality of undergraduate prosthodontics teaching.

Objective     To investigate the current status of constipation during postoperative hospitalization and the factors associated with moderate to severe constipation at discharge in lung cancer patients. Methods     Lung cancer patients who underwent surgery in 6 tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province from November 2017 to January 2020 were enrolled. The MD Anderson Symptom Scale-Lung Cancer Module was used to collect postoperative constipation scores. Unconditional logistic stepwise regression was used to analyze the related influencing factors for moderate to severe constipation on the day of discharge. Results     Finally 337 patients were collected. There were 171 males and 166 females, with an average age of 55.0±10.3 years. Constipation scores of lung cancer patients increased from postoperative day 1 to day 3, and showed a decreasing trend from day 3 to day 7. Moderate to severe constipation was present in 68 (20.2%) patients at discharge. The postoperative hospital stay (OR=0.743, P<0.001) and the dose of morphine used during postoperative hospitalization (OR=1.002, P=0.015) were influencing factors for moderate to severe constipation at discharge in lung cancer patients. Conclusion    Lung cancer patients have the most severe constipation on postoperative day 3. Moderate to severe constipation at discharge is associated with the postoperative hospital stay and the dose of morphine used during postoperative hospitalization.

Objective:To analyze the current situation of the specialty setting and training program of Intelligent Medical Engineering (IME) in China.Methods:The information about the schools' name, year of opening, enrollment plan, training objective and curriculum was obtained by the website investigation and was statistically analyzed by Excel.Results:(1)A total of 48 universities set an IME major from 2018 to 2021, mainly in developed areas. The number of talent training was nearly 2 400 per year. (2)The information of colleges which established IME was acquired from 47 universities. Among them, 59% (13/22) of the comprehensive universities set the IME major in medical-related colleges. (3)The information concerning professional training objectives was collected from 40 universities and they highlighted the capabilities of big data intelligent processing and software research and development, and 12 of them also required students to master the capability of hardware research and development. (4)Computer science and technology, preclinical medicine, clinical medicine and biomedical engineering were the main disciplines of IME. The professional core curriculum mainly included computer language and artificial intelligence (AI) related courses.Conclusion:IME education has sprung up rapidly with the development of AI technology in medical and health field. However, the cultivation of IME professionals is still at exploratory stage. It is recommended that the national related departments should publish some relevant guidelines on the training orientation of IME.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of non-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) on neuropathic pain and pain-induced memory impairment in mice.Methods:Forty clean grade male C57BL/6J mice were were divided into 4 groups by random number table method ( n=10 in each group): sham + saline, sham + NaB, chronic constriction injury (CCI)+ saline and CCI + NaB.The mouse CCI model was established by sciatic nerve ligation. Non-selective HDAC inhibitors NaB(300 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into the mice in Sham+ NaB group and CCI+ NaB group once a day 15-28 days after modeling, while the mice in Sham+ saline group and CCI+ saline group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of saline. On the 14th and 28th day after operation, the athletic ability was measured by open field test (OFT), the pain behavior was measured by paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL), and the memory function was measured by Y-maze. After the behavioral experiment, hippocampus and spinal dorsal horn tissues were taken for the activity of HDAC measurement, and hippocampus tissues were taken for the expression levels of BDNF and PSD95 measurement. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The data were compared by repeated measurement ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. Results:After treatment with NaB, the interaction effects of the accuracy of spontaneous alternation of PWT, PWL and Y maze in mice were significant( F=21.07, 6.98, 7.79, all P<0.05). Compared with the Sham + saline group, the PWT((0.83±0.30)g, (0.25±0.22)g, (0.24±0.11)g; both P<0.05), the PWL((14.97±4.02)s, (5.99±1.51)s, (6.87±0.90)s; both P<0.05) and the spontaneous alternation in Y maze(71.57±2.80)%, (56.96±0.60)%, (62.86±4.94)%; both P<0.05) in CCI+ Saline group and CCI+ NaB group were lower. After treatment with NaB, compared with CCI + saline group, PWT((0.22±0.13)g, (0.62±0.23)g; P<0.05), PWL((5.62±2.00)s, (8.82±2.13)s; P<0.05)and the accuracy of spontaneous alternation of Y maze were significantly higher ((56.54±7.50)%, (66.35±8.20)%; P<0.05), the HDAC activity in hippocampus((173.40±7.38)%, (122.70±8.40)%; P<0.05)and in spinal cord ((153.40±10.58)%, (111.40±11.40)%; P<0.05)were significantly lower, and the expression of BDNF((0.65±0.06), (0.87±0.43); P<0.05)and PSD95((0.70±0.40), (0.87±0.04); P<0.05)were significantly higher in CCI + NaB group. Conclusion:NaB can improve neuropathic pain and pain-induced memory impairment.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of HDAC activity and the up-regulation of BDNF and PSD95 expression in hippocampus.

Objective: Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) is used to mimic ischemia in vitro to observe whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) after OGD and to better understand the regulatory mechanism of hDPCs in ischemia. Methods: hDPCs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM and hypoxia (volume fraction 2% O2) to establish an hDPCs OGD model in vitro, which mimics hDPCs ischemia in vitro. hDPCs were divided into a control group (normal culture) and an experimental group (OGD 0 h, 2 h, 4 h and 8 h groups). After pretreatment with OGD for 0, 2, 4 and 8 h, hDPC viability was measured by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of ER stress markers [splicing x-box binding protein1 (sXBP1), activating transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (chop)]. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of ER stress markers [phosphorylated RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER-resident kinase (p-perk) and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (p-eIF2α)]. Results: Compared with OGD 0 h group, cell viability of hDPCs decreased when exposed to OGD treatment for 2 h, 4 h and 8 h. Compared with the control group, mRNA expressions of ER stress makers (sXBP1, ATF4 and chop) and the protein expressions of ER stress protein markers (p-perk andp-eIF2α) increased in OGD treatment cells after 4 h were higher in OGD cells. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that ER stress response is involved in hDPCs in OGD treatment.

Objective:To explore the effect of feedback early rehabilitation nursing on cognitive function, motor function and self-care ability of elderly stroke patients.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 100 stroke patients who were admitted to Shaoxing City Keqiao District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to March 2021 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group received routine rehabilitation nursing intervention, while the observation group received feedback early rehabilitation nursing on the basis of the control group. Score of Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) , simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Function (FMA) , Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale (ESCA) , treatment compliance of patients were compared between the two groups.Results:After the intervention, LOTCA and FMA scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The ESCA total score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The treatment compliance of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Feedback early rehabilitation nursing is beneficial to improve the cognitive and motor function and self-care ability of stroke patients. It is beneficial to improve the treatment compliance of stroke patients.