Nanocrystal technology changes the solubility and dissolution rate of insoluble drugs by reducing the particle size to the nanometer level.This technology is not limited by carrier materials and encapsulation rate.It is suitable for a variety of drug delivery routes and easy for industrial production.It has gradually become a cutting-edge hot technology in the international pharmaceutical field to improve the absorption of insoluble drugs and improve their bioavailability.This article introduces the influencing factors and challenges of nanocrystal drugs(NC)in parenteral,ocular,transdermal and pulmonary administration,and focuses on nanocrystal drugs that have been marketed or are still in the preclinical or clinical trial stages of these delivery systems,in order to provide some insight for the further development of poorly soluble drug nanocrystal preparations.

As a new therapeutic method, music therapy has a good clinical effect on improving the motor dysfunction of patients with stroke. This article reviews the concept, main forms of music therapy and its role in motor function recovery of patients with stroke.

Objective: Empirical findings confirmed that autistic and schizotypal traits are associated with attentional function as well as include various dimensions. So far, no study has reported which dimension of these traits relates to attentional networks. This study aimed to find out whether there are associations between attentional networks and autistic traits; and between attentional networks and schizotypal traits. Methods: A total of 449 volunteers was included in this study, and autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ), and attention network test (ANT) were used to measure autistic traits and schizotypal traits. The three independent attentional networks, including alerting network, orienting network, and executive control network, were also measured. Results: Autistic traits were associated with the orienting network, whereas schizotypal traits were associated with the orienting network and executive control network. Furthermore, attentional networks could be predicted by specific dimensions of autistic and schizotypal traits. AQ-attention switching [0.104 (-1.175– -0.025), p=0.041] and AQ-attention to detail [-0.097 (-0.798– -0.001), p=0.049] were significant predictors of orienting network and gender were significant predictor of executive network (Beta=0.107; 95% CI=-0.476–10.139; p=0.031). Whereas, schizotypal dimension “interpersonal” was a significant predictor of all three attentional networks [Alerting: 0.147 (-0.010–0.861), p=0.045; Orienting: 0.147 (0.018–0.733), p=0.040; Executive: 0.198 (0.215–1.309), p=0.006]. Conclusion This study demonstrated that autistic and schizotypal traits were associated with attentional networks. The specific dimensions of autistic and schizotypal traits could predict attentional networks. Nevertheless, the attentional networks predicted with these two traits were different.

Objective: Empirical findings confirmed that autistic and schizotypal traits are associated with attentional function as well as include various dimensions. So far, no study has reported which dimension of these traits relates to attentional networks. This study aimed to find out whether there are associations between attentional networks and autistic traits; and between attentional networks and schizotypal traits. Methods: A total of 449 volunteers was included in this study, and autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ), and attention network test (ANT) were used to measure autistic traits and schizotypal traits. The three independent attentional networks, including alerting network, orienting network, and executive control network, were also measured. Results: Autistic traits were associated with the orienting network, whereas schizotypal traits were associated with the orienting network and executive control network. Furthermore, attentional networks could be predicted by specific dimensions of autistic and schizotypal traits. AQ-attention switching [0.104 (-1.175– -0.025), p=0.041] and AQ-attention to detail [-0.097 (-0.798– -0.001), p=0.049] were significant predictors of orienting network and gender were significant predictor of executive network (Beta=0.107; 95% CI=-0.476–10.139; p=0.031). Whereas, schizotypal dimension “interpersonal” was a significant predictor of all three attentional networks [Alerting: 0.147 (-0.010–0.861), p=0.045; Orienting: 0.147 (0.018–0.733), p=0.040; Executive: 0.198 (0.215–1.309), p=0.006]. Conclusion This study demonstrated that autistic and schizotypal traits were associated with attentional networks. The specific dimensions of autistic and schizotypal traits could predict attentional networks. Nevertheless, the attentional networks predicted with these two traits were different.

To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens, mass spectrometry (MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques, including the selected reaction monitoring (SRM), parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), and massively parallel data-independent acquisition (DIA), have been developed. For optimal performance, they require the fragment ion spectra of targeted peptides as prior knowledge. In this report, we describe a MS pipe-line and spectral resource to support targeted proteomics studies for human tissue samples. To build the spectral resource, we integrated common open-source MS computational tools to assemble a freely accessible computational workflow based on Docker. We then applied the workflow to gen-erate DPHL, a comprehensive DIA pan-human library, from 1096 data-dependent acquisition (DDA) MS raw files for 16 types of cancer samples. This extensive spectral resource was then applied to a proteomic study of 17 prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Thereafter, PRM validation was applied to a larger study of 57 PCa patients and the differential expression of three proteins in prostate tumor was validated. As a second application, the DPHL spectral resource was applied to a study consisting of plasma samples from 19 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients and 18 healthy control subjects. Differentially expressed proteins between DLBCL patients and healthy control subjects were detected by DIA-MS and confirmed by PRM. These data demonstrate that the DPHL supports DIA and PRM MS pipelines for robust protein biomarker discovery. DPHL is freely accessible at https://www.iprox.org/page/project.html?id=IPX0001400000.

To summarize the clinical experience of Professor WANG Meng-yong in the treatment of uric acid nephropathy. Professor WANG believes that the disease is mainly caused by spleen and kidney deficiency, disorder of function of Sanjiao, and pathological products, such as phlegm dampness and blood stasis and other metabolic disorders. Therefore, the treatment should distinguish symptoms and essence. Starting from pathogenesis and pathological features of spleen and kidney deficiency and phlegm dampness and blood stasis, the treatment should flexibly apply the methods of nourishing spleen and kidney, reducing phlegm and dispelling humidity, and activating blood and using diuretic of hydragogue to alleviate water retention, which can greatly reduce side effects caused by the long-term use of Western medicine and the onset of gout, and then to help disease recovery.

Objective To study the features and neural mechanism of pain empathy in autistic individuals.MethodsTotally 21 subjects with high level autistic traits and 22 subjects with low level autism traits completed the pain empathy task,recording RT and accuracy automatically.The event-related potentials(ERPs) were recorded by Neuroscan system simultaneously.Results(1)From the behavioral results,the IRI scores of the two groups had significant differences in the factors of perspective taking ((23.71±4.16) vs (26.95±3.24)),empathy concerning ((24.10±4.04) vs (26.36±2.82)) and personal distress ((24.19±3.59) vs (19.82±3.96)) (t=-2.86,P<0.01;t=-2.14,P<0.05;t=3.79,P<0.01).The factor of fantasy of the two groups didn't exit significant differences (t=-1.50,P>0.05).(2) According to the behavioral result of pain empathy test,the main effect of task type in reaction time and accuracy of the two groups had significant difference (F(1,41)=24.21,P<0.01;F(1,41)=152.10,P<0.01),but the main effect of emotion type and group didn't reach significant level (F(1,41)=1.11,P>0.05,F(1,41)=0.29,P>0.05;F(1,41)=3.20,P>0.05,F(1,41)=0.14,P>0.05).(3)From the results of ERP,the main effect of emotion type,task type and group didn't reach the significant level in the N2 amplitude of the two groups(F(1,41)=0.04,P>0.05;F(1,41)=0.08,P>0.05;F(1,41)=3.86,P>0.05).The main effect of emotion type had significant difference in the P3 amplitude of the two groups(F(1,41)=8.27,P<0.01),but there was no significant difference in the main effect of task type and group(F(1,41)=2.48,P>0.05,F(1,41)=0.25,P>0.05).It had significant difference in LPP amplitude in the main effect of emotion type,task type and group(F(1,41)=32.07,P<0.01;F(1,41)=8.63,P<0.01;F(1,41)=4.73,P<0.05).ConclusionsThere are differences in the abilities of empathy between the high and low level autistic traits groups,especially in the late processing of pain empathy.

Objective To discuss whether Saccharomyces boulardii sachets can improve the eradication rate and reduce some untoward effects of gastrointestinal tract when adding in the Helicobacter pylori (Hp) standard quadruple therapy.Methods 249 cases infected with Hp were randomly divided into control group(124 cases) and treatment group (125 cases).The control group was treated with standard quadruple therapy:colloidal bismuth pectin capsules,100 mg,tid,po;furazolidone tablets,0.1 g,bid,po;amoxil capsule,1 g,bid,po;rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated capsules,20 mg,qd,po.The treatment group was treated with Saccharomyces boulardii sachets(0.25 g,bid,po)besides.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.Evaluate the effect of Hp eradication rate by using the method of intent of treatment (ITT) analysis and consistent scenario set (PP)analysis.Results According to the ITT analysis,the eradication rate of control group was 89.52%,and that of treatment group was 96.00%.According to the PP analysis,the eradication rate of control group was 90.00%,and the rate of treatment group was 97.39%.Both analysis results showed the eradication rate of Hp in treatment group was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05).As for reducing the untoward effects such as nausea,inappetence,diarrhea,astriction and erythra,control group was obviously lower than treatment group (P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with standard quadruple therapy only,adding Saccharomyces boulardii sachets can significantly improve the eradication rate of Hp and obviously reduce the untoward effects such as nausea,inappetence,diarrhea,astriction and erythra.It is worth to be generalized and applied in clinical practice.

Objective Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Heqi San combined with metformin in the treatment of obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods A total of 60 patients with obese polycystic ovary syndrome who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups, 30 patients in each group. The control group was treated with metformin, and the treatment group was treated with Heqi San on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 3 months. The FPG was determined by glucose oxidase method, and fasting insulin (FINS), TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C level were measured by radio immunoassay, and the insulin resistance index (IR) was measured by the method of HOMA-IR. The luteotropic hormone (LH), pro follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) were detected by the automatic electrochemical light detector, and the ratio of LH/FSH was calculated. The ovarian volume and body mass index changes and clinical effect were evaluated. Results After treatment, the BMI (20.09 ± 3.12 kg/cm2 vs. 23.39 ± 1.43 kg/cm2, t=6.889), FPG (4.44 ± 0.17 mmol/L vs. 4.74 ± 0.16 mmol/L, t=6.945), FINS (10.69 ± 2.41 IU/L vs. 16.29 ± 5.95 IU/L, t=4.778), TC (3.91 ± 0.50 mmol/L vs. 4.20 ± 0.39 mmol/L, t=2.505), LDL-C (2.64 ± 0.63 mmol/L vs. 3.18 ± 0.62 mmol/L, t=3.346), LH (8.70 ± 2.44 U/L vs. 10.27 ± 2.69 U/L, t=2.934), the ratio of LH/FSH (1.33 ± 0.58 vs. 2.18 ± 0.56, t=5.775), T (1.73 ± 0.74 nmol/L vs. 2.95 ± 1.10 nmol/L, t=5.040) and ovarian volume (12.61 ± 2.29 mm3 vs. 14.26 ± 2.52 mm3, t=6.982) in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The FSH (7.33 ± 2.28 U/L vs. 5.95 ± 1.20 U/L, t=2.934) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the treatment group was 83.3% (25/30) and 63.3% (19/30) in the control group. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (χ2=3.068, P=0.050). Conclusions The Heqi San combined with metformin can effectively improve the body mass index, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism index and sex hormone level, and reduce the volume of ovary in patients with PCOS, and the curative effect is better than that of oral metformin alone.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of arsenic trioxide on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells migration induced by low dose of sorafenib. Methods Human HCC cells MHCC97H in logarithmic phase were treated with 2μmol/L arsenic trioxide (arsenic trioxide group), 3μmol/L sorafenib (sorafenib group), 2μmol/L arsenic trioxide+3μmol/L sorafenib (combination group), 50 μmol/L LY294002(LY group) and 3 μmol/L sorafenib + 50 μmol/L LY294002 (LY+ sorafenib group) respectively. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used in the control group. Wound healing assay and Transwell migration assay were used to detect the ability of horizontal and vertical cell migration. The expression of p-Akt, E-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail proteins was measured by Western blot. The experiment data were compared using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test. Results Wound healing assay revealed that the horizontal migration speed in the sorafenib, arsenic trioxide and combination groups was (1.59±0.14), (0.39±0.08) and (0.58±0.12) times of that in the control group (t=7.20,-12.58,-6.62;P<0.05). Transwell migration assay revealed that the number of cells in the sorafenib, arsenic trioxide, combination and control groups was 285±26, 169±18, 194±19 and 228±9 respectively. Compared with the control group, the number of cells was signiifcantly increased in the sorafenib group (t=3.48, P<0.05), whereas signiifcantly decreased in the arsenic trioxide group (t=-3.80, P<0.05). The number of cells in the combination group was signiifcantly decreased than that in the sorafenib group (t=-5.67, P<0.05). Western blot revealed that the expression of p-Akt, Snail and Vimentin proteins was up-regulated, whereas the expression of E-cadherin protein was down-regulated in the sorafenib group compared with those in the control group. Compared with the control group, the expression of p-Akt, Snail and Vimentin proteins was down-regulated whereas the expression of E-cadherin protein was up-regulated in the arsenic trioxide, combination, LY and LY+sorafenib groups. Conclusion Arsenic trioxide can inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and reverse the promoting effect of low-dose sorafenib upon MHCC97H cell migration through suppressing the activation of PI3K/Akt/Snail signaling pathway.