Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease that mainly affects the spine and the sacroiliac joint， the mechanism of which is closely related to signaling pathways， such as osteoprotegerin （OPG）/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB （RANK）/RANK ligand， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， Wnt/β-catenin （β-catenin）， phosphoinositide 3- kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin （PI3K/Akt/mTOR）. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of multiple components and targets， and is widely used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases due to its low toxicity， strong specificity， and high efficacy. This review found that monomers and compounds of traditional Chinese medicine can exert anti ankylosing spondylitis effects by intervening in the aforementioned signaling pathways， regulating immune inflammatory responses， and inhibiting biological processes such as bone destruction， ectopic osteogenic differentiation， cell apoptosis， and autophagy.

Objective:To determine the clinical application value of transcranial sonography (TCS) in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children.Methods:A total of 50 children aged 6-12 years diagnosed with ADHD (ADHD group) and 45 age-matched healthy children (control group) who presented to Suzhou Municipal Hospital and Children′s Hospital of Soochow University from August 2021 to August 2022 were prospectively enrolled for TCS examination. ADHD was diagnosed in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-Ⅴ) criteria established by the American Psychiatric Association.Based on clinical symptom characteristics, ADHD was further classified into 3 subtypes, including 14 cases of predominantly inattentive, 3 cases of predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and 33 cases of combined presentation. The substantia nigra(SN) hyperechoic area and the ratio of SN hyperechoic area to midbrain area (S/M) were measured and compared between the two groups. The examination of the correlation was performed between SN hyperechoic area, S/M ratio, and DSM-Ⅴ scores within the ADHD group.Results:Semi-quantitative analysis: the proportion of the SN grade Ⅲ or more in ADHD group was significantly higher than that in control group [96.00%(48/50) vs 13.3%(6/45), P<0.05]. Quantitative analysis: the area of SN hyperechogenicity and the ratio of S/M were significantly larger in ADHD group than in control group [0.32(0.22, 0.38)cm 2 vs 0.00(0.00, 0.00)cm 2, 7.08(5.11, 8.75)% vs 0.00(0.00, 0.00)%, all P<0.05]. Correlation analysis: The SN hyperechoic area and S/M ratio showed no significant correlations with DSM-Ⅴ scores in the ADHD group ( r=0.144, 0.142, all P>0.05). Conclusions:TCS can detect the SN echo enhancement of ADHD children, and the proportion of SN echo enhancement, SN hyperechoic area and S/M ratio are significantly higher than those of normal children, but the SN hyperecho area and S/M ratio are not significantly correlated with DSM-Ⅴ scores.

Objectives:To explore the curative effect of posterior lumbar interbody fusion under Delta large channel endoscope(Endo-PLIF)on degenerative lumbar diseases.Methods:A retrospective analysis was per-formed on the case data of 80 patients with degenerative lumbar diseases treated in the hospital between September 2021 and September 2022.The patients were divided into observation group(38 cases,17 males and 21 females,aged 61.0±4.9 years)and control group(42 cases,20 males and 22 females,aged 60.5±5.4 years).The patients in the observation group were treated with Endo-PLIF,while those in the control group were treated with open posterior lumbar interbody fusion.The intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage volume,operative time,length of surgical incisions,length of hospital stays,and complications of both groups of patients were recorded and compared.The visual analogue scale(VAS)was used to evaluate patients'low back pain and Oswestry disability index(ODI)was used to assess the lumbar function before surgery,at 1 week,1 month,3 months and 6 months after surgery.The patients were also evaluated using the modified Macnab criteria for treatment efficacy,and using the Bridwell criteria for assessing the segmental fusion within 1 year after surgery.Results:The intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume in the observation group were 88.46±10.98mL and 159.73±18.42mL,lower than those in the control group 112.99±12.01mL and 201.36±23.06mL(P＜0.05);The lengths of surgical incision and hospital stays were 1.54±0.36cm and 6.79±1.22d,which were shorter in the observation group than those in the control group of 5.43±1.01cm and 8.03±1.43d(P＜0.05);And the operative time was longer in the observation group than that in the control group(162.33±19.57min vs 126.87±23.15min,P＜0.05).All the patients were followed up for 15-40 months(19.0±6.3 months).At 1 week and 1 month after surgery,VAS scores in observation group were 2.46±0.51 and 1.21±0.38,and ODI were(17.84±4.15)％and(10.69±1.88)％,which were lower than those in the control group[VAS score:3.68±0.62,2.01±0.41;ODI:(21.33±3.48)％,(12.33±2.17)％,P＜0.05].At 3 months and 6 months after surgery,there was no significant difference in VAS scores between the two groups(P＞0.05).There was neither significant difference in the excellent and good rate of treatment(92.11％vs 85.71％,P=0.487)nor significant difference in fusion grading between the observation group and control group(Z=0.487,P=0.624).No significant difference was noticed in the incidence of postoperative complications between observation group and control group(5.26％vs 9.52％,P=0.678).Conclusions:The curative effect of Endo-PLIF is satisfactory on degenerative lumbar diseases,which can reduce intraoperative blood loss,shorten surgical incision and hospitalization time,improve short-term pain and lumbar function faster,with good safety.

As an important complementary form of decoction pieces of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， TCM dispensing granules has the advantages of being free of decoction， easy to take， easy to carry and easy to be dispensed， which greatly improves the capacity of emergency services of TCM and is more in line with the needs of modern society. With the end of the pilot project of TCM dispensing granules， the market has been fully liberalized， the competition has been intensified， and it is in the transition period of switching between the new standard and the old one， and there are some problems such as the shortage of varieties， the change of specifications and the difference of quality， and the production enterprises are facing new opportunities and challenges. Based on this， the authors intend to systematically sort out the policies and regulations， enterprise layout and standard formulation since the pilot of TCM dispensing granules. In view of the problems in the post-pilot stage and from the perspective of survival and development of enterprises， it is suggested that enterprises should establish a quality control system for the whole industry chain of TCM dispensing granules to reduce process costs and increase enterprise competitiveness， further increase the investment in scientific research， overcome the key technical problems of difficult varieties， actively and orderly promote the research of national standards， in order to ensure the integrity of clinical formula varieties， and establish and improve the efficacy evaluation mechanism of TCM dispensing granules， build a consistency evaluation system between TCM dispensing granules and decoction pieces. Government departments should strengthen the guidance， fully mobilize the enthusiasm of scientific research institutions， enterprises and hospitals， and explore the establishment of "government-industry-study-research-application" mode to promote the development of TCM dispensing granule industry.

Background Neck-shoulder pain is one of the most common discomfort symptoms among nursing staff, mostly caused by a heavy workload, restricted workstation, and prolonged poor posture. Objective To investigate the prevalence of neck-shoulder pain among nursing staff in tertiary general hospitals in Hunan Province, and to analyze workload-related risk factors. Methods From October to December 2018, a multi-stage stratified randomized cluster sampling method was adopted to select a total of 1 200 nursing staff who met the inclusion andexclusion criteria in six tertiary general hospitals from five geographic subdivisions of Hunan Province were selected. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, and past 1-month prevalence of neck-shoulder pain, a neck disability index (NDI) was used to assess the impact of neck pain on daily life, and functional disability was graded by the index of impaired neck function; a self-designed questionnaire was adopted to evaluate potential workload-related risk factors (working time, postural load, and force load) of neck-shoulder pain after a Delphi expert consultation. A total of 1 161 valid questionnaires were returned, and χ^２test and logistic regression model were used to screen the potential risk factors for neck-shoulder pain. Results The prevalence rate of neck-shoulder pain in the past 1 month was 87.5% (1 016/1 161) and varied by different characteristics of the nursing staff, ranging from 76.9% to 91.2%. The scores of the 10 items of the NDI ranged from 0 to 5, but most of them were 0, 1, and 2; of the 10 items, neck pain had the greatest impact on sleep (1.30±1.21) and the least impact on self-care behaviors (0.35±0.65). The index of impaired neck function showed that the majority (65.4%) of nurses had mild cervical spine dysfunction and 30.1% had moderate cervical spine dysfunction. The univariate analysis results revealed that 24 out of the 31 workload-related risk factors had significant differences, and further multiple analysis results showed that three variables entered the logistic regression model. Under the same conditions, nurses with ≥5 h of cumulative head-down tasks per shift had 3.03 times higher neck-shoulder pain risks compared with those with ＜1 h. Compared with “occasionally or never”, nurses who “sometimes” and “often” tilted their necks back and maintained this posture for a long time showed 2.36 and 2.94 times higher risks for neck-shoulder pain respectively. The nurses who reported “sometimes” and “often” having difficulty using their force at work due to unnatural posture had 2.78 times and 7.08 times higher neck-shoulder pain risks than those who “occasionally or never” respectively. Conclusion The reported rate of neck-shoulder pain among nurses in tertiary general hospitals in Hunan Province is high, but most of them are mild dysfunction. Working hours and posture load may affect the risk of neck-shoulder pain.

OBJECTIVE: We propose a sparse-view helical CT iterative reconstruction algorithm based on projection of convex set tensor total generalized variation minimization (TTGV-POCS) to reduce the X-ray dose of helical CT scanning. METHODS: The three-dimensional volume data of helical CT reconstruction was viewed as the third-order tensor. The tensor generalized total variation (TTGV) was used to describe the structural sparsity of the three-dimensional image. The POCS iterative reconstruction framework was adopted to achieve a robust result of sparse-view helical CT reconstruction. The TTGV-POCS algorithm fully used the structural sparsity of first-order and second-order derivation and the correlation between the slices of helical CT image data to effectively suppress artifacts and noise in the image of sparse-view reconstruction and better preserve image edge information. RESULTS: The experimental results of XCAT phantom and patient scan data showed that the TTGVPOCS algorithm had better performance in reducing noise, removing artifacts and maintaining edges than the existing reconstruction algorithms. Comparison of the sparse-view reconstruction results of XCAT phantom data with 144 exposure views showed that the TTGV-POCS algorithm proposed herein increased the PSNR quantitative index by 9.17%-15.24% compared with the experimental comparison algorithm; the FSIM quantitative index was increased by 1.27%-9.30%. CONCLUSIONS The TTGV-POCS algorithm can effectively improve the image quality of helical CT sparse-view reconstruction and reduce the radiation dose of helical CT examination to improve the clinical imaging diagnosis.

Objective To explore the effects of leptin on the senescence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,frequencies of Treg and Th17 cells,and lupus disease in MRL/lpr mice,and to explore the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Leptin (1 μg/g) or phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was injected into C57BL/6 (B6) mice,ob/ob mice and MRL/lpr mice intra-peritoneally.Urine protein was examined by Coomassie brilliant blue method.The levels of serum leptin,antinuclear antibody (ANA),anti-dsDNA antibody and immunoglobulin (Ig)G were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated,and treated with or without leptin,then the senescence of MSCs were evaluated by SA-β-gal staining,the levels of p53 and p21 mRNA were measured by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR),the protein levels of p53 and p21 were tested by Westem blotting method.Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA.Results The level of serum leptin was higher in MRL/lpr mice than that of B6 mice [(4.5±0.8) ng/ml vs (2.3±0.5) ng/ml,t=2.38,P＜0.05].Leptin treatment in vivo accelerated the senescence of bone marrow-derived MSCs from all B6 mice,lupus mice and ob/ob mice,manifestedas increased frequencies of SA-β-gal positive cells [(20.6±0.6)％ vs (15.4±1.6)％,t=8.09,P＜0.05],higher levels of mRNA and p53 and p21 protein.Leptin treatment in vivo also down-regulated the frequency of Treg cells [(2.77±0.23)％ vs (5.01±0.18)％ t=3.91,P＜0.01],and up-regulated Th17 cells [(2.24± 0.11)％ vs (1.74±0.07)％,t=5.013,P＜0.01].The titer of ANA was further increased in leptin-treated MRL/lpr mice [(288±69) U/ml vs (190±90) U/ml,t=2.84,P＜0.05].The levels of serum anti-dsDNA antibody were also remarkably elevated [(12 399±1 237) U/ml vs (6 217±1 304) U/ml,t=3.44,P＜0.01].Leptin could increase the secretion of total IgG [MRL/Ipr (27.2±2.9) mg/ml vs (25.0±3.3) mg/ml,t=3.07,P＜0.05].The proteinuria concentration was increased in lupus mice [(1.00±0.10) mg/ml vs (0.81 ±0.06) mg/ml,t=3.31,P＜0.05],demonstrating that leptin accelerates lupus nephritis.Conclusion Leptin administr-ation in vivo enhances the senescence of bone marrow derived MSCs,dys-regulate of Treg/Th17 cells from MRL/Ipr mice,which impaires the role of immuno-modulation,and aggravates the progress of lupus disease.

Objective To investigate the correlation between developmental function and pathological behavior in children with autism. Methods A total of 154 children with autism were tested with Revised Chinese Version Psycho-Educational Profile (C-PEP) during 2011 to 2014. Results The scores of fine movement, hand-eye coordination, and oral language of developmental function were lower in the girls than in the boys (t>2.120, P<0.05). Among the children with autism aged 2-7 years, the developmental function was better in the older group than in the younger group (P<0.05);however, it was not better in the children aged 8-10 years and>10 years than in those aged 6-7 years. There was no difference in the scores of pathological behavior between the girls and the boys (P>0.05). Some pathological behaviors were milder in the older group than in the younger group (P<0.05). The scores ofP(pass) in developmental function were positively correlated with the scores ofA(absence) in pathological behavior (P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the scores ofS(severe) in pathological behavior (P<0.01). The scores ofF(fail) in developmental function were negatively correlated with the scores ofA(absence) in patho-logical behavior (P<0.01), and positively correlated with the scores ofS(severe) in pathological behavior (P<0.01). Conclusion Develop-mental function of children with autism is highly correlated with pathological behavior, and the rehabilitation and education of children with autism aged above 7 years should be concerned.

Objective To follow up the rehabilitation, education, and assistive devices utilization of school age children with cerebral palsy. Methods From 2012 to 2015, 80 children with cerebral palsy were called their parents with telephone and filled in the questionnaires. Results 69 children (85.25%) continued to receive rehabilitation, 11 children (13.75%) stopped rehabilitation. 42 children (56.25%) received education in ordinary schools, 15 children (18.75%) received education in special schools, 4 children (5.00%) were nursed in nursing institu-tion, 16 children (20.00%) stayed at home and did not receive any education. The main problem and needing at present were receiving reha-bilitation, receiving school education, relief the rehabilitation cost of more than one institution, etc. 61 children (76.25%) ever applied for as-sistive devices, 19 children (23.75%) did not. The feedback of application process in order were smoothly;applied, but didn't get;the assis-tive devices that received was inappropriate. 29 children (73.75%) needed assistive devices currently, 21 children (26.25%) did not. When asked the category of needed assistive devices at present, 19 parents (20%) answered that they did not know the category of assistive devices well or they did not know which kind of assistive devices they needed. Conclusion It is important to provide quality and quantity rehabilita-tion and education service, popularize the knowledge of assistive devices and their clinical application for cerebral palsy children. Assistive devices providing departments should do more communication with cerebral palsy children and their parents, in order to reduce the waste of resources, and increase the rational use of resources, and provide more benefits for children with disabilities.

Objective To explore the effect of the Internet technology′s application on the hand hygiene compliance of medical staff. Methods Establishing Internet+hand hygiene management model to implement Internet based hand hygiene supervisory and reminding, Internet based hand hygiene publicity and education, and Internet based hand hygiene feedback and communication. This model was applied in Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital to intervene the hand hygiene related activities. Before and after the intervention, the hand hygiene compliance of medical staff in the trial hospital was observed with WHO hand hygiene monitoring table by directly manual observation. Thereafter, the changes of hand hygiene compliance before and after the intervention were compared based on the statistical analysis of test results. Results With the application of Internet+hand hygiene management model, the hand hygiene compliance of medical staff increased from 41.75% (324/776) before the intervention to 72.14% (554/768) after the intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=145.264, P<0.01). The hand hygiene compliance of both doctors and nurses was significantly increased (doctors: χ2=94.784, P<0.01;nurses:χ2=58.798, P<0.01). In all the five indications, i.e., before patient care, before an aseptic task, after exposure to blood/body fluids, after patient care, and after environmental contact, the hand hygiene compliance was 35.42%(68/192), 63.33%(38/60), 84.38%(54/64), 44.83%(130/290), and 20.00%(34/170) respectively before the intervention;it was 65.38%(102/156), 83.33%(120/144), 95.45%(105/110), 68.52%(148/216), and 55.63%(79/142) after the intervention; and the difference before and after the intervention was statistically significant (χ2=6.305-42.529;P<0.01 or 0.05). Most of the medical staff of the trial department supported this model. Conclusions Internet+ hand hygiene management model could significantly improve the hand hygiene compliance of medical staff and were very popular. And, the model is worth of application in more hospitals.