Objective:To compare the clinical utility of 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:From April 2022 to July 2022, 17 patients (14 males, 3 females, age 36-73(54.4±10.1) years) with newly diagnosed HCC who underwent 18F-FDG and 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging within 3 d in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were prospectively enrolled. ROIs were drawn from normal liver tissue (L), abdominal aorta (A), right gluteus medius (M), and SUV max of these regions were compared with the SUV max of primary tumor (T). Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used to analyze the data. Results:18F-FDG PT/CT, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and enhanced MRI detected 1(0, 2), 2(1, 5) and 2(1, 4) tumor lesions of the liver in each patient respectively ( H=7.10, P=0.029), and 18F-PSMA-1007 detected more lesions than 18F-FDG ( P=0.024). Although SUV max of 18F-PSMA-1007 in HCC was significantly higher than that of 18F-FDG (25.7(17.1, 45.1) vs 6.3(2.9, 12.4); z=3.39, P=0.001), there was no significant difference of T/L ratio between 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging (2.7(2.1, 4.7) vs 1.6(1.0, 4.5); z=0.52, P=0.602). T/A and T/M ratios were significantly higher in 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging than those in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging ( z values: 3.15, 3.53, P values: 0.002, <0.001). 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging found high uptake foci in the liver and ribs in 2 cases, which were pathologically confirmed as bone metastasis of HCC, while those lesions were not found by 18F-FDG imaging. Conclusion:Compared with 18F-FDG, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT demonstrates higher tumor uptake, more intrahepatic tumors foci and distant bone metastases.

Objective:To evaluate the immunogenicity of a quadrivalent influenza virus subunit vaccine in a healthy population aged 3-64 years.Methods:Healthy people aged 3-64 years old were selected as the study subjects, and a randomized, blind, positive controlled, non-inferiority test was adopted. The subjects were randomly inoculated with one dose of the corresponding experimental vaccine or control vaccine in a ratio of 1∶1. Blood samples were collected from all subjects before and at 28 d after immunization, and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to measure the levels of antibodies against H1N1, H3N2, B/Victoria (BV) and B/Yamagata (BY) in serum. The geometric mean titers (GMT), geometric mean increase (GMI), positive conversion rates and protection rates of antibodies against the four types of viruses were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 157 subjects aged 3-64 years were included, including 1 074 in the experimental group and 1 083 in the control group. There were no significant differences in the GMT or protection rates of antibodies against H1N1, H3N2, BV or BY before immunization between the two groups ( P>0.05), and the two groups were balanced at baseline. After full immunization, the GMI of antibodies to H1N1, H3N2, BV and BY in the experimental group was 11.16, 17.77, 9.61 and 15.13, respectively; the positive conversion rates were 84.08% (903/1 074), 92.46% (993/1 074), 86.03% (924/1 074) and 91.71% (985/1 074), respectively; the protection rates were 96.74% (1 039/1 074), 97.58% (1 048/1 074), 88.08% (946/1 074) and 94.97% (1 020/1 074), respectively. In the experimental group, the GMT of each antibody increased by more than 2.5 times after immunization; the lower limit of the 95%CI of the positive conversion rate was higher than 40%, and the lower limit of the 95%CI of the protection rate was higher than 70%. The lower limit of the 95%CI of the difference in the positive conversion rate of each antibody between the experimental group and the control group was >-10%, and the lower limit of the 95%CI for GMT (experimental group)/GMT (control group) was over 2/3. Conclusions:The experimental vaccine had good immunogenicity and was non-inferior to the control vaccine in the population aged 3-64 years.

Objective:This study aimed to compare the detection efficacy of transrectal ultrasound-guided transrectal cognitive fusion targeted+ systematic prostate biopsy and transperineal cognitive fusion targeted + systematic biopsy in patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCa). In addition, the relative clinical characteristics of PCa were evaluated.Methods:A total of 385 patients with suspected prostate cancer in the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University from May 2019 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients met the prostate biopsy criterion, who underwent transrectal(n=275)and transperineal(n=110)prostate biopsy respectively. There were no significant differences of mean age [(70.7±7.3)years vs.(69.2±8.4) years], PSA [(55.12±116.96)ng/ml vs. (63.41±315.34)ng/ml], prostate volume [(55.96±35.26)ml vs. (64.35±55.99)ml] between two groups. According to preoperative prostate magnetic resonance imaging combined with intraoperative ultrasound, 2-4 needles targeted puncture of suspected lesion were performed, followed by 12 needle systematic prostate biopsy. The detection rate of prostate cancer between two biopsy ways were compared. The related factors of PCa including age, prostate volume and PSA level were collected for univariable and multivariable logistic analysis. The cancer detection rate was compared and logistic regression was used to assess the impact of patient characteristics on PCa detection.Results:For all patients, the detection rate with cancer between transrectal group and transperineal group were 121/275(40.0%) and 67/110(60.9%), respectively. The transperineal group detected a higher rate of PCa ( P=0.003)and more clinically significant prostate cancers (csPCa) (54.6% vs.36.7%, P=0.001) than that of the transrectal group, there were significant differences between two groups ( P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PSA( OR=1.025, P=0.001) and prostate volume( OR=0.984, P=0.001)were two independent factors for the detection rate of prostate cancer between two biopsy ways( P<0.05). The effect of age on the detection rate of PCa in the transperieal group was significantly lower than that of the transrectal group( OR=0.037, P=0.238 vs. OR=0.053, P=0.002). Conclusion:The transperieal biopsy could find more PCa than the transrectal biopsy. PSA level and prostate volume could affect the detection rate of cancer between two prostate biopsy ways.

Objective:To construct a color assessment tool for continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) drainage fluid and to explore its clinical value.Methods:The color assessment tool for CBI drainage fluid (tentative version) was constructed through literature review, expert meetings and practical development, and its consistency was tested and the tool was improved to form a color assessment tool for CBI drainage fluid. Convenience sampling was used to select patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from April to May 2020. According to the assessment method of the tool, the patient's drainage fluid color was evaluated and recorded.Results:The color assessment tool for CBI drainage fluid included 6 color scales, and the corresponding Pantone color card codes were 503C, 3519C, 701C, 702C, 710C, 1807C respectively, and the blood concentration was 0.125%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% and 8.0% respectively. The tool was used to evaluate the drainage fluid color in 29 patients after TURP. Each evaluation took (5.12±2.41) s; when the color scale was greater than number two, complications such as the bladder spasm and blood clot blockage occurred.Conclusions:The construction method of color assessment tool for CBI drainage fluid is scientific and reliable, which can provide a basis for evaluating the CBI drainage fluid color, and can assist medical and nursing staff to quickly evaluate the drainage fluid color and find abnormal color scales.

This article reviews the specific application of wearable devices in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , application effects and problems in the application process, which aims to provide references for designing wearable devices and their applications suitable for COPD patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of sub-chronic aluminum exposure on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of rats and to explore the mechanism of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3 K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/rapamycin target protein(mTOR) signaling pathway. METHODS: Specific pathogen free adult healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and low-, medium-and high-dose groups based on body weight, with 10 rats in each group. Rats were treated with maltol aluminum solution at the concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 40 μmol/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection, 5 days per week for 3 months. After the exposure, rats were weighed. Morris water maze was used to test the learning and memory ability, and the two-electrode binding technique was used to record the long-term potentiation(LTP) amplitude in the hippocampus CA1 area of rats. The protein expression of PI3 K, AKT and mTOR in rat hippocampus tissues was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: After the exposure, the body weights of rats in the medium-and high-dose groups were lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). The results of the positioning navigation experiment showed that the escape latencies of the rats in the medium-and high-dose groups were shorter than that in the control group during the 2 nd to 4 th days of the experiment(P<0.05). The results of space exploration experiments showed that there was no statistical difference on the target quadrant retention time and the number of crossing the platform among the 4 groups(P>0.05). At 1, 30, and 60 min after high-frequency stimulation, the LTP amplitudes in the hippocampus CA1 area of the aluminum-treated groups were lower than that of the control group at the same time point(P<0.05), and the LTP amplitudes of hippocampus CA1 area of rats decreased with the increase of maltol aluminum exposure dose(P<0.01). The relative expression of PI3 K, AKT and mTOR protein in the hippocampus tissues of the aluminum-treated groups was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05), and the relative expression of the above three proteins decreased with the increase of the maltol aluminum exposure dose(P <0.01). CONCLUSION: Sub-chronic aluminum exposure could lead to dose-dependent inhibition of hippocampus synaptic plasticity in rats, thereby impairing the spatial learning ability of rats. This process may be related to inhibition of PI3 K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by aluminum.

Objective:To explore the relationships between medical coping modes of patients with COVID-19 and general information and social supports.Methods:From January 28 to February 20, 2020, a total of 128 patients in a designated hospital in Wuhan with novel coronavirus pneumonia were investigated using the General Information Questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) by convenient sampling. Pearson univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between the basic situation of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia and coping modes.Results:The scores of the face dimension and avoidance dimension of patients with COVID-19 were lower than the norm model, while the yield dimension was higher than the norm model, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Support utilization and complexity were influencing factors of the face dimension ( P<0.05) . Support utilization and age were influencing factors of the yielding dimension ( P<0.01) . Subjective support, the complexity dimension of disease uncertainty and the number of confirmed patients in the family were influencing factors of the avoidance dimension ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Patients with COVID-19 have poor medical coping modes, and they are prone to face the disease with a negative attitude. Patients are unwilling to face the disease and the tendency to yield to the disease is greater. And the older the patients, the less likely they are to succumb to the disease. The more patients diagnosed in the family, the less likely they are to avoid the disease. Patients with higher social supports and utilization have a more reasonable medical coping mode. This reminds medical staff to pay more attention to the psychological problems of patients in coping with COVID-19 and improve their coping modes and methods.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of remifentanil on renal ischemia/reperfusion(IR) injury via mediating Fas apoptosis signal pathway in rats.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n =20 each) by using the random number table method:sham operation group (S group),IR control group (IR group),experimental group (Rgroup).The renal IR model was prepared by clamping the bilateral renal arteries for 45 min followedby reperfusion in IR group and R group.In R group,remifentanil was infused at 1.0μg·kg-1 ·min-1 via the tail vein starting from 15 min before ischemia until 30 min of reperfusion.In S group and IR group,the same volume of physiological saline was given.At 15 min before ischemia and at 3 h,12 h,24 h of reperfusion,the renal tissue samples were obtained for detecting the apoptosis rate by flow cytometry,determining the level of Fas mRNA expression by RT-PCR,the level of caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation by Western blotting,and scoring the number of kidney tubules injury by Paller'method.Results In IR group,the renal tubular injury score,the apoptosis rate,the expression of Fas mRNA and the activation of caspase-3 in renal tissue increased at 3 h after reperfusion,and those continued to increase at 12 h after reperfusion and reached the peak at 24 h after reperfusion (P＜0.01),and the activity of caspase-8 increased at 3 b,reached the peak at 12 h after reperfusion and decreased at 24 h after reperfusion (P＜0.01).As compared with S group,the renal tubular injury score,apoptosis rate,the expression of Fas mRNA and the activation of caspase-3 at 3 h,12 h and 24 h of reperfusion and the activation of caspase-8 at 12 h,24 h of reperfusion were all increased in IR group and R group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).As compared with IR group,the renal tubular injury score,apoptosis rate,the expression of Fas mRNA and the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 at 3 h,12 h and 24 h of reperfusion were decreased in R group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Remifentanil inhibits cell apoptosis and alleviates renal IR damage by reducing the expression of Fas receptor and the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3,and regulating the apoptotic signal pathway of Fas.

AIM: To explore the effect of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) apoptosis on the reversal of hypoxic pulmonary arterial remodeling during reoxygenation and its possible mechanism.METHODS: Male SD rats (n=24) were randomly divided into normoxia for 4 weeks group, hypoxia for 4 weeks group, reoxygenation for 1 week after hypoxia for 4 weeks group and reoxygenation for 6 weeks after hypoxia for 4 weeks group.Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index, pulmonary arterial medial thickness (MT) and medial area (MA) as well as autophagy and apoptosis in the pulmonary arterial medial layer were examined during hypoxia-reoxygenation.The rat primary PASMCs were divided into normoxia for 48 h group, hypoxia for 48 h group, reoxygenation for 24 h after hypoxia for 48 h group and normoxia for 72 h group to explore the changes of PASMC autophagy and apoptosis following hypoxia-reoxygenation.Finally, primary PASMCs were divided into normoxia for 72 h group, reoxygenation for 24 h after hypoxia for 48 h group and reoxygenation for 24 h after hypoxia for 48 h + chloroquine (inhibitor of autophagy) group to investigate the effect of PASMC autophagy during hypoxia on the apoptosis during reoxygenation.RESULTS: After hypoxia for 4 weeks, the RVSP, during right ventricular hypertrophy index, MT and MA increased significantly compared with normoxia group (P<0.05), and gradually decreased during reoxygenation.The expression of LC3 in the pulmonary arterial medial layer increased evidently after hypoxia and gradually reversed during reoxygenation.Moreover, the P62 and cleaved caspase-3 expression decreased after hypoxia compared with normoxia group, and increased markedly following reoxyge-nation.The expression of cleaved caspase-3/PARP in rat primary PASMCs decreased significantly under hypoxia (P<0.05), and increased evidently during reoxygenation.The expression of P62 and LC3-II decreased markedly under hypoxia (P<0.05).After inhibition of PASMC autophagy under hypoxia, the expression of cleaved caspase-3/PARP decreased remarkably during reoxygenation (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The PASMC apoptosis participates in the reversal of hypoxic pulmonary arterial remodeling, and the PASMC autophagy under hypoxia might facilitate its apoptosis during reoxygenation.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture plus acupoint injection on the hyperhomocystinemia in the convalescent stage of cerebral infarction patients.Method A total of 120 patients in the convalescent stage of cerebral infarction with hyperhomocystinemia were randomized into group A, group B, and group C, 40 cases in each group. The three groups were intervened by conventional western medicine treatment and rehabilitation therapy, the group A was byXing Nao Kai Qiao acupuncture treatment in addition, the group B was by acupoint injection with cobamamide for injection and the group C was byXing Nao Kai Qiao acupuncture plus acupoint injection treatment. The change of the plasma homocysteine (HCY) level, the Barthel Index (BI) score and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score were observed before and after treatment.ResultEach index(the HCY level, BI score and NIHSS score) in the three groups was significantly changed after treatment(P<0.01). Each index in the group C was significantly different from that in the group A and group B after treatment(P<0.05,P<0.01). The HCY level of the group B after the treatment was significantly different from that of the group A.Conclusion Acupuncture plus acupoint injection can significantly change the HCY level of the convalescent stage of cerebral infarction patients with hyperhomocystinemia, improve the activity of daily living and nerve function.