Objective To investigate the effects of terahertz(THz)radiation on mouse testicular tissue and its potential molecular mechanisms.Methods A total of 125 male C57BL/6J mice(6～8 weeks old)were randomly divided into control group and low-,medium-and high-radiation power groups.The mice of the latter 3 groups were exposed to THz radiation at a frequency of 2.5 T,with an average power density of 38,115,or 318 mW/cm2,for 5 or 10 min.The detection time was immediately or 24 h after exposure.HE staining was used to observe pathological damage.ELISA was employed to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in testicular tissue.RNA-seq was utilized to detect the global changes of gene expression.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened and bioinformatics was used to cluster them.The screened genes were further analyzed with RT-qPCR to determine the time-dependent and dose-dependent relationships of the expression with THz exposure.Finally,sperm quality was evaluated morphologically using a microscope.Results Three doses of THz radiation exposure did not cause significant pathological damages to mouse testicular tissue.TNF-α expression was increased immediately after exposure at average power density of 115 mW/cm2(P＜0.01),and the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α were both increased when the dose reached 318 mW/cm2(P＜0.01).However,all the 3 factors returned to normal levels in 24 h after exposure.RNA-seq results showed that THz radiation exposure caused abnormal expression of 56 genes.Cluster analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly enriched in immune and inflammatory responses,enzyme activity,sperm development and capacitation functions.Then for 5 selected key genes,Crisp1,Adam7,Ltf,Rnase9,and Bsph1,the expression of Crisp1 and Rnase9 was decreased immediately after exposure to 115 mW/cm2 THz radiation,the dose of 318 mW/cm2 resulted in obvious changes in the expression of the 5 genes(P＜0.05),and their expression returned to normal levels in 24 h after exposure.Morphological observation displayed that exposure to all the 3 doses of THz had no influence on sperm quality.Conclusion THz radiation exposure causes temporary inflammatory response in testicular tissue and abnormal expression of sperm functions-related genes.However,these changes return to normal 24 h after exposure,and additionally,do not impair sperm quality.

Objective To observe the dynamic changes of cardiac lymphangiogenesis in Doxorubicin(DOX)-induced dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)model mice,and to study the the protective mechanism of Kuoxin Decoction.Methods The DCM mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of DOX,and the dynamic observation was performed every week.On this basis,60 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=10):control group,Model group,L-KXD,M-KXD and H-KXD groups and Captopril group.After successful modeling,the KXD and the positive control drug Captopril were administered continuously for 28 days.Echocardiography was used to detect cardiac function in mice,HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe pathological and morphological changes of the heart,Whole-mount immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the expression of LYVE-1 and Podoplanin in epicardial lymphatic vessels,Western blot was used to detect the expression of VEGFR-3 protein,and qPCR was used to detect the expression of VEGFR-3 mRNA.Results DCM mice induced by DOX showed significant cardiac function decline from the third week(DOX:15 mg·kg-1,P<0.05),and significant ventricular remodeling at the fifth week(DOX:15 mg·kg-1,P<0.01);The lymphatic vessel area of the mouse heart decreased significantly from the fourth week(DOX:20 mg·kg-1,P<0.0001),and the expression of VEGFR-3 decreased significantly from the third week(DOX:15 mg·kg-1,P<0.01).Conclusion KXD can improve ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in DOX-induced DCM mice,promote cardiac lymphangiogenesis,and upregulate the expression of VEGFR-3 at protein and mRNA levels,with a better effect than captopril.DOX-induced cardiac lymphangiogenesis in DCM mice leads to severe myocardial fibrosis and weakened cardiac function,which gradually worsens with the accumulation of modeling time and dose.KXD can promote cardiac lymphangiogenesis and improve cardiac function in DOX-induced DCM mice.The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of VEGFR-3 expression.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of thyroid nodules in diabetic patients and its correlation with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution.Methods:A Total of 213 cases of diabetic patients in Guang’anmen Hospital and Tangshan Hospital from January 2019 to August 2020 were choosen to do the questionnaire, with containly symptom and constitution. The patients were divided into diabetes with thyroid nodules group and diabetes without thyroid nodules group according to whether thyroid nodules were combined. We compared the clinical data characteristics of 2 groups, and used multi-factor logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors of diabetic patients with thyroid nodules and their correlation with TCM constitutions. Results:Diabetes patients aged from 50-80 years old [ OR=2.949, 95% CI (1.266-6.714)], females [ OR=3.736, 95% CI (1.823-1.541)], diabetes duration≥15 years [ OR=1.558, 95% CI (1.623-1.585)], elevated HbA1c [ OR=5.862, 95% CI (1.418-23.629)], elevated VLDL [ OR=2.851, 95% CI (1.597-6.824)], frequent insomnia [ OR=1.970, 95% CI (1.315-3.395)], Qi stagnation [ OR=4.357, 95% CI (2.634-8.377)], blood stasis [ OR=4.420, 95% CI (1.874-15.258)] are more likely to suffer from thyroid nodules ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Diabetic patients aged from 50-80 years old, females, diabetes duration≥15 years, elevated HbA1c, family history of thyroid nodules, frequent insomnia, and mood swings are more likely to develop thyroid nodules; qi stagnation and blood stasis are dangerous constitutions for diabetic patients with thyroid nodules.

Evaluate the effect of the fresh air purification system on the improvement of indoor PM 2.5 levels in a primary school classroom in Jinan City, Shandong Province. Our purpose is to explore the optimal operating time of the fresh air system and the main factors that affect the fresh air purification system to improve indoor air quality. From December 9, 2019 to December 10, 2019, two classrooms of the same area on the third floor of a primary school building in Jinan City, Shandong Province were selected as monitoring points. During the operation of the fresh air purification system, the PM 2.5 concentration in the classroom is reduced by an average of 48.1%-61.5% compared to the outdoor PM 2.5 concentration. After running for about 2 hours, the indoor PM 2.5 concentration decreased to a relatively stable concentration level. The operating time of the fresh air purification system, student activities between classes, indoor temperature, indoor relative humidity, and outdoor PM 2.5 concentration are important factors that affect the indoor particulate removal rate. In the case of a certain amount of fresh air and indoor area, closing doors and windows and appropriately extending the operation time of the fresh air purification system can improve the air quality in the classroom to a certain extent and protect the health of students.

Evaluate the effect of the fresh air purification system on the improvement of indoor PM 2.5 levels in a primary school classroom in Jinan City, Shandong Province. Our purpose is to explore the optimal operating time of the fresh air system and the main factors that affect the fresh air purification system to improve indoor air quality. From December 9, 2019 to December 10, 2019, two classrooms of the same area on the third floor of a primary school building in Jinan City, Shandong Province were selected as monitoring points. During the operation of the fresh air purification system, the PM 2.5 concentration in the classroom is reduced by an average of 48.1%-61.5% compared to the outdoor PM 2.5 concentration. After running for about 2 hours, the indoor PM 2.5 concentration decreased to a relatively stable concentration level. The operating time of the fresh air purification system, student activities between classes, indoor temperature, indoor relative humidity, and outdoor PM 2.5 concentration are important factors that affect the indoor particulate removal rate. In the case of a certain amount of fresh air and indoor area, closing doors and windows and appropriately extending the operation time of the fresh air purification system can improve the air quality in the classroom to a certain extent and protect the health of students.

To report a 4-year-old boy with severed right index finger amputations in 2 segments. There were severe contusion on the 2 amputated sections of finger. According to the prevention and control requirement for the novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19), the patient was firstly checked to exclude the COVID-19. Then the replantation surgery was successfully carried out under the strict protective measures. The replanted index finger survived well at 2 weeks after surgery.

Objective To explore the effects and possible mechanism of histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA on the interstitial fibrosis induced by diabetes.Methods The SD rats were divided into three groups:control group (Con,n=9),diabetes mellitus (DM) group (n=9) and SAHA treatment group (n=9).The diabetic rat model was established by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) through tail vein.After 8 weeks,the SAHA treatment group rats were fed with a SAHA solution (25 mg· kg-1 · d-1) by gastric gavage.After 16 weeks,all rats were sacrificed to detect relevant biochemical parameters,and observe the changes of pathomorphology in kidney.In addition,immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting were employed to detect the protein expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1),Smad2,Smad3,p-Smad2,p-Smad3,Smad7,collagen-Ⅰ and collagen-Ⅲ,respectively.Results Compared with Con group,the levels of blood glucose (BG),urinary trace albumin/urinary creatinine (ACR),triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in the diabetic group were all increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05),the protein expressions of TGF-β1,p-Smad2,p-Smad3,collagen-Ⅰ and collagen-Ⅲ in kidney were all increased in diabetic group (all P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of Smad7 was significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with DM group,the levels of ACR was reduced,the renal fibrosis was alleviated,the protein expressions of TGF-β1,p-Smad2,p-Smad3,collagen-Ⅰ and collagen-Ⅲ in SAHA group were all decreased (all P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of Smad7 was increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion SAHA may restore the protein level of Smad7 by enhancing protein stability,then promote the moderate transduction of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway,which reduce the fibrosis of renal tubules in diabetic rats.

A patient with steroid-resistant acute rejection 50 days after ABO-compatible orthotopic liver trans-plantation(LT)received regular infusion of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)after three ses-sions of steroid pulse therapy which failed to control the pathogenetic condition as shown by biopsy.Liver function improved gradually after intravenous injection of MSCs once weekly for 10 weeks(as confirmed by biopsy)and remained stable under administration of conventional immunosuppressive agents.There was no evidence of neoplasms 5 years after treatment.MSCs infusion appears to suc-cessfully reverse resistance to immunosuppressive agents and may be a useful treatment for post-liver transplant steroid-resistant rejection.

Objective To study the immune system regulatory effects of CD8+CD28-regulatory T lymphocytes in an experimental bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell treatment of autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Methods A model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was established in twenty-eight C57BL/6 female mice,6 to 8 weeks old weighing 16 to 20 g using myelinoligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 amino acid peptide (MOG35-55).The mice were randomly divided into a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) group (n =7),an MSCs-Low group [n =7 which received an injection of 2× 105 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)],an MSCs-Med group (n=7,1× 106 MSCs),and an MSCs-High group (n=7,5×106 MSCs).Their clinical condition was then evaluated daily.On the 15th day after the MOG35-55 immunization,the different MSC doses were administered intravenously via the tail.On the 30th day the mice were sacrificed to observe any neuropathology of the spinal cord.At the same time,FACS flow cytometry was used to assay CD8+CD28-T cells in the spleen.Results Compared with the PBS control group,the MSC treatment effectively alleviated illness among the mice by the 15th day after the immunization.The maximum and average disease scores and clinical illness scores had all improved significantly.The medium dosage worked best.Neuropathological analysis showed that the MSC treatment could significantly reduce the invasion of inflammatory cells and minimize demyelination in the spinal cord.Furthermore,the CD8+ CD28-regulatory T cells in the spleens of the MSCtreated animals increased compared with the PBS control group,though the secreted levels of IL-10 showed no obvious difference.Conclusions Treatment with MCSs can promote the recovery of neural function in autoimmune encephalomyelitis,at least in mice.CD8+CD28-regulatory T cells may not be the main effector cells,playing only a synergistic therapeutic role.

Objectives Tostudytheexpressionchangesofproproteinconvertase1(PC1)incerebral cortex nerve cells and its substrate neuropeptide Y (NPY)after focal cerebral ischemia in mice and to investigatetheeffectofPC1inneuronalischemicinjury.Methods Twenty-fourmaleC57micewere randomly allocated into a sham-operation group,an ischemia-reperfusion 4-or 24-hour group with computer (n=8 in each group). A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced by the intraluminal suture method. Western blot and real-time quantitative nucleic acid amplification were used to detect the expression changes of PC1,NPY,and mRNA in mouse cortical neurons. Results (1)Compared with the sham operation group,the expression of PC1 mRNA of ischemic cortex brain tissue at ischemic side in the ischemia-reperfusion 4-hour group increased 2. 66 ± 0. 24 and in the ischemia-reperfusion 24-hour group expressed 2. 07 ± 0. 23 (all P<0. 05). Compared with the sham operation group,the PC1 precursor protein level increased significantly at 4 hours (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the 24-hour group (P >0. 05 ). (2 )Compared with the sham operation group,the preproNPY mRNA and protein level increased significantly after reperfusion in the ischemia-reperfusion 4-hour group (P < 0. 05 ),the mRNA expressed 2. 31 ± 0. 27,and the increase of precursor protein level continued until 24 hours. Conclusion TheexpressionofprecursorPC1increasedaftercerebralischemia-reperfusioninmice, thus affecting the processing activity of PC1 ,and resulting in NPY protein,an active substrate of PC1 accumulated with the form of precursors,which may be one of the underlying mechanisms of neuronal ischemic injury.