BACKGROUND:Apoptosis plays an important role in secondary brain injury.Therefore,to explore the pathophysiological mechanism of promoting nerve cell survival after traumatic brain injury provides a new direction and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of traumatic brain injury. OBJECTIVE:To explore the expression changes of Lnx1 molecule in mammalian cortical neurons after brain injury and the possible mechanism involved in secondary brain injury. METHODS:Eighty adult SD rats were divided into 20 male and 20 female mice in sham operation group and 20 male and 20 female mice in traumatic brain injury group.The traumatic brain injury rat model was established by heavy falling method.At 6,12,24,48,and 72 hours after brain injury,the expression of related molecules in damaged cortical neurons was analyzed by RT-qPCR,western blot assay,and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The brain tissue of traumatic brain injury group was bleeding and obvious tissue injury could be observed.Water content of brain tissue increased after traumatic brain injury.(2)Compared with the sham operation group,the expression of Lnx1 in cortical neurons after traumatic brain injury increased significantly at 24 hours after injury.(3)After traumatic brain injury,the expression of PBK and BCR protein decreased,and the pro-survival factor ctgf increased.(4)These findings suggest that after traumatic brain injury,the expression of Lnx1 is up-regulated in neurons,which may be due to the decrease of the expression of its target molecules PBK and BCR,and further promote the expression of living factor ctgf,which has a protective effect on the damaged neurons.

ObjectiveTo establish background data for a 90-day feeding trial of SD rats to ensure the reliability of research data. MethodsBackground data from six independent 90-day feeding trials of SD rats conducted by the National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs from 2020 to 2023 were summarized. These studies involved a blank control group of 120 SPF-grade 4-week-old SD rats, with an equal number of males and females, which were only given standard full-nutrient pelleted rat feed. After the quarantine period, the animals were observed for an additional 90 days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of Zoletil (50 mg/mL) for anesthesia, blood sampling, euthanasia, and necropsy. By analyzing the data from the blank control group, a relevant background database for SD rats was established. ResultsBoth male and female rats exhibited steady weight gain, with a more pronounced increase in male rats. Within 90 days, the average body weight of male and female rats increased to over 500 g and 300 g, respectively. Three weeks later, the average daily food intake of male rats stabilized at approximately 25~28 g per rat, while that of female rats remained stable at approximately 16~19 g per rat. The food utilization rate of all animals gradually decreased from the first week of the experiment. In the white blood cell (WBC) differential count results, significant differences were observed in the counts of WBCs, neutrophils (Neut), lymphocytes (Lymph), and monocytes (Mono) between males and females (P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the percentages of neutrophil (%Neut), lymphocyte (%Lymph), and monocyte (%Mono) between the sexes (P>0.05). The average red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were higher in male animals than in female animals (P<0.05). The average values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose (GLU), and triglyceride (TG) in male rats were higher than those in female rats (P<0.05). The urinary pH range for male animals was 5.0 to 8.5, while for female animals it was 6.5 to 9.0. The majority of male animals had a urinary specific gravity lower than 1.020, and the majority of female animals had a urinary specific gravity lower than 1.015. The weights of various organs (excluding the adrenal glands and reproductive organs) in male animals were heavier than those in female animals (P<0.001), while the organ/body weight ratios (excluding the kidneys and reproductive organs) of female animals were higher than those of male animals (P<0.001). ConclusionThis study summarizes the background reference ranges for body weight, food intake, hematology, and serum biochemistry indicators in SPF-grade SD rats in the untreated control group from six 90-day feeding trials conducted by the National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs. It provides important reference data for related research. By summarizing the background and spontaneous histopathological changes in rats, this study aids in the standardization and normalization of subsequent research, as well as in the evaluation and analysis of abnormal results.

Retrieving keyframes most relevant to text from small intestine videos with given labels can efficiently and accurately locate pathological regions. However, training directly on raw video data is extremely slow, while learning visual representations from image-text datasets leads to computational inconsistency. To tackle this challenge, a small bowel video keyframe retrieval based on multi-modal contrastive learning (KRCL) is proposed. This framework fully utilizes textual information from video category labels to learn video features closely related to text, while modeling temporal information within a pretrained image-text model. It transfers knowledge learned from image-text multimodal models to the video domain, enabling interaction among medical videos, images, and text data. Experimental results on the hyper-spectral and Kvasir dataset for gastrointestinal disease detection (Hyper-Kvasir) and the Microsoft Research video-to-text (MSR-VTT) retrieval dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of KRCL, with the proposed method achieving state-of-the-art performance across nearly all evaluation metrics.
Humans ; Video Recording ; Intestine, Small/diagnostic imaging* ; Machine Learning ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Algorithms

Myocardial fibrosis is a serious cause of heart failure and even sudden cardiac death. However, the mechanisms underlying myocardial ischemia-induced cardiac fibrosis remain unclear. Here, we identified that the expression of sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1), was increased significantly in the ischemic cardiomyopathy patients, dilated cardiomyopathy patients (GSE116250) and fibrotic heart tissues of mice. Additionally, inhibition or knockdown of SARM1 can improve myocardial fibrosis and cardiac function of myocardial infarction (MI) mice. Moreover, SARM1 fibroblasts-specific knock-in mice had increased deposition of extracellular matrix and impaired cardiac function. Mechanically, elevated expression of SARM1 promotes the deposition of extracellular matrix by directly modulating P4HA1. Notably, by using the Click-iT reaction, we identified that the increased expression of ZDHHC17 promotes the palmitoylation levels of SARM1, thereby accelerating the fibrosis process. Based on the fibrosis-promoting effect of SARM1, we screened several drugs with anti-myocardial fibrosis activity. In conclusion, we have unveiled that palmitoylated SARM1 targeting P4HA1 promotes collagen deposition and myocardial fibrosis. Inhibition of SARM1 is a potential strategy for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis. The sites where SARM1 interacts with P4HA1 and the palmitoylation modification sites of SARM1 may be the active targets for anti-fibrosis drugs.

Alzheimer's disease(AD),the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease in dementia,is also a special lipid disease.From the perspective of modern medicine,cholesterol homeostasis is an important risk factor for AD.Amyloid-beta plaque deposition,neurofibrillary tangles,and large amount of lipid granule accumulation are typical pathological features of AD.From the perspective of TCM,turbidity is the key to the pathogenesis of AD.Phlegm turbid,stasis turbid and turbid toxin are the concrete derivation of turbidity,which are the standard of AD.Cholesterol is the greasy lipid which is produced from of the essence of water and food,the disturbance of cholesterol homeostasis is a typical embodiment of the pathogenesis mechanism of endogenous turbidity.Regulating cholesterol homeostasis by traditional Chinese medicine may be a new direction for the treatment of AD in the future.Focusing on the modern research of cholesterol homeostasis,taking the theory of turbidity as the starting point,this paper analyzed the correlation between the connotation of turbidity theory and the imbalance of cholesterol homeostasis as well as the pathogenesis mechanism,and further elucidated the clinical application results in the treatment of AD from the aspects of phlegm turbid,stasis turbid and turbid toxin,so as to better guide clinical practice and scientific research.

Objective To investigate the correlation between fatty infiltration(FI),relative cross-sectional area(rCSA)of the multifidus(MF),erector spinae(ES)and postoperative new symptomatic vertebral compression fractures(NSVCF)for osteoporotic lumbar vertebral compression fractures(OLVCF).Methods The clinical and imaging data of 157 patients with OLVCF treated by surgery were collected.They were divided into postoperative re-fracture group(24 cases)and postoperative non-fracture group(133 cases)according to the presence or absence of NSVCF during the follow-up period.The FI,rCSA of lumbar paravertebral muscles(MF and ES)in the two groups were measured and calculated using Image J software.Univariate difference analysis was performed to compare whether there were differences in gender,age,T value of bone mineral density(BMD),body mass index(BMI),FI and rCSA between the two groups.Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for NSVCF after surgery for OLVCF.Results Univariate difference analysis showed there were significant statistical differences in age(t=-2.596,P=0.010),T value of BMD(t=2.415,P=0.017)and FI(t=-5.006,P＜0.001)between the two groups.There were no significant statistical differences in gender(x2=0.528,P=0.468),BMI(t=1.354,P=0.178)and rCSA(t=-0.057,P=0.955).Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed there were significant statistical differences in FI(x2=15.560,P＜0.001),T value of BMD(x2-4.193,P=0.041)between the two groups.Conclusion The higher FI of lumbar paravertebral muscle and the lower T value of BMD of lumbar spine are the risk factors for postoperative NSVCF in patients with OLVCF.It is recommended that clinicians should pay attention to the functional exercise of lumbar dorsal muscles and the anti-osteoporosis therapy in the relevant patients.

Parkinson's disease(PD)challenges us to assess the disease due to the lack of definitive biomarkers.Currently,PD patients have been found to contract several gastrointestinal comorbidities such as con-stipation and intestinal inflammation that precede its symptomatic manifestations.These conditions are intricately linked to proliferative metabolisms of the gut microbiota,which are manifested to be some primary changes in the gut microbiota or other changes involved in medication during treatment.In this paper we review the recent research on gut microbiota biomarkers in PD,arguing for the clinical relevance of gut microbiota as a marker in the progression of PD and prospecting the potential efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation as an intervention in managing PD.

Objective:To explore the prognosis efficacy of psycho-cardiological therapy and management on patients with coronary atherosclerosis disease (CAD).Methods:This was a clinical randomized controlled study. This study included inpatients with CAD at the cardiology department in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2021 to January 2024. The patients enrolled in this study were asked for basic information, and received measurements for depression, anxiety, sleep quality and living quality by the scales of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder scale-7 (GAD-7), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) respectively. The patients were randomly grouped into a regular treatment group and a psycho-cardiological treatment group which included WeChat management or antidepressant/antianxiety medical therapy according to the situation. After the patients discharging from hospital for 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 weeks, professional cardiovascular doctors would follow up by telephone, WeChat, and outpatient department, including scales (2-48 weeks), and cardiac events (2-96 weeks). Kaplan-Meier survival curve and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were used for analyzing the association between psycho-cardiological treatment and cardiac events.Results:This study recruited a total of 552 patients with CAD, aged 61.0(54.0, 67.0) years, and 379 (68.7%) were male. There were 279(50.5%) in the regular treatment group and 273(49.5%) in the psycho-cardiological treatment group. After treatment for 4, 12 and 48 weeks, the PHQ-9 score in psycho-cardiological was significantly lower than the regular treatment group; After treatment for 12 weeks, the EQ-5D-5L effective value in psycho-cardiological group was higher than the regular treatment group; After treatment for 2, 4, 12, 24 and 48 weeks, the EQ-5D-5L VAS score in psycho-cardiological group was higher than the regular therapy group (all P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that, during the different follow-up periods, the rate of cardiac events in psycho-cardiological treatment group was lower than regular treatment group (log-rank P<0.001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model adjusted the factor of age, the psycho-cardiological treatment contributed to reducing the cardiac events rate by 80.3% ( HR=0.197, 95% CI: 0.067-0.582, P=0.003). Conclusion:Psycho-cardiological treatment is beneficial for improving psychological stress, living quality, and reducing cardiac events, and helps to improve prognosis and psycho-cardiological rehabilitation in CAD patients.

Objective:To observe the effects of Qifu Lizhong Enema Prescription on ulcerative colitis rats with yang deficiency of spleen and kidney syndrome; To discuss its mechanism.Methods:Totally 70 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, mesalazine group, Qifu Lizhong Guanchang Prescription high-, medium- and low-dosage groups; blank group ( n=10), other groups ( n=12). Except for the blank group, the other groups used bitter cold purgative therapy (Dahuang Decoction) by gavage, and combined with trinitrobenzen sulfonic acid (TNBS) +55% ethanol compound method to induce UC rat model. After successful modeling, the blank group and model group were given 1 ml normal saline enema daily, Qifu Lizhong Enema Prescription groups were given Qifu Lizhong Enema Prescription 3.00, 1.50, 0.75 g/kg enema daily, and the mesalazine group was given mesalazine 0.03 g/kg enema daily, once a day for consecutive 14 days. After 14 days, Disease Activity Index (DAI) score was performed, and hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was used to observe the pathological tissues of the colon. The expressions of Occludin and adhesion molecules A (JAM-A) protein in colon tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results:HE results showed that the mucosal structure was damaged, inflammatory cells were infiltrated, edema and ulcer foci were observed in model group. The mucosal structure of mesalazine group and Qifu Lizhong Enema Prescription groups were intact, and inflammatory infiltration, edema and ulcer of neoepithelial were improved. Compared with model group, the DAI scores of Qifu Lizhong Enema Prescription groups decreased ( P<0.01), the expressions of Occludin and JAM-A in Qifu Lizhong Guanchang Prescription high- and medium-dosage groups significantly increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Qifu Lizhong Enema Prescription can significantly relieve the symptoms and pathological morphology of UC rats, and the mechanism of repairing intestinal mucosal barrier may be related to up-regulating the expressions of Occludin and JAM-A proteins.

Objective To evaluate the clinical safety and effectiveness of intravascular stent combined with 125I seed strip implantation in the treatment of superior vena cava syndrome(SVCS)caused by malignant tumors.Methods The clinical data of 43 patients with SVCS,who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University of China from May 2017 to October 2022,were retrospective analyzed.Of the 43 patients,27 received intravascular stent combined with l25I seed strip implantation(observation group),and 16 received simple intravascular stent implantation(control group).The stent patency rate,clinical symptom relief rate,and survival time were compared between the two groups.Results Successful operation was accomplished in all the 43 patients.In the observation group,the postoperative 3-month stent patency rate and average survival time were 88.7％and 39.1 weeks respectively,which were significantly higher than 62.5％and 21.8 weeks respectively in the control group,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P=0.033 and P=0.035 respectively).After treatment,all the clinical symptoms were relieved.Conclusion For the treatment of SVCS,intravascular stent combined with 125I seed strip implantation is clinically safe and effective,it can be used as the preferred treatment option.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:632-635)