[Objective] To analyze the influence of the cycle length of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) double reagent positive samples collected from voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou on the detection results. [Methods] A total of 127 044 blood samples from voluntary blood donors at Guangzhou Blood Center from August 10 to December 9, 2023 were selected. Two ELISA reagents were used for HBsAg detection, and samples with HBsAg double reagent positive and S/CO values<10 were tested continuously for 7 days to observe the changes in their S/CO values. [Results] A total of 505 HBsAg double reagent positive samples were detected, of which 52 had S/CO values less than 10. After 7 consecutive days of uninterrupted testing, the S/CO values of Wantai (median 5 decreased to 3) and Xinchuang (median 5 decreased to 3) showed an overall downward trend, and the HBsAg missed detection rate showed an upward trend (from 0 on the first day to 1/10 000 on the seventh day). A total of 13 cases had negative double reagent test results within the 7-day testing cycle. [Conclusion] With the extension of the detection cycle, the S/CO value of HBsAg detection shows a downward trend, and the missed detection rate of HBsAg shows an upward trend. Samples used for HBsAg detection should be tested promptly after sampling to improve the quality of blood testing.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone(DMQ),an active ingredients in fermented wheat germ extract,for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and alleviating septic shock in mice.Methods Cultured murine bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDM)stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)were treated with DMQ,followed by treatment with Nigericin,ATP,and MSU for activating the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome;the non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome was activated by intracellular transfection of LPS,and AIM2 inflammasome was activated using Poly A:T.In human monocytic THP-1 cells,the effect of Nigericin on inflammasome activation products was examined using Western blotting and ELISA.Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to explore the mechanism of DMQ-induced blocking of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.In a male C57BL/6J mouse model of LPS-induced septic shock treated with 20 and 40 mg/kg DMQ,the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum and peritoneal lavage fluid were determined using ELISA,and the survival time of the mice within 36 h was observed.Results Treatment with DMQ effectively inhibited LPS-induced activation of canonical NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse BMDM and human THP-1 cells and also inhibited non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mouse BMDM,but produced no significant effect on AIM2 inflammasome activation.DMQ significantly blocked the binding between ASC and NLRP3.In the mouse models of septic shock,DMQ treatment significantly reduced the levels of IL-1β in the serum and peritoneal fluid and obviously prolonged survival time of the mice.Conclusion DMQ can effectively block ASC-NLRP3 interaction to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and alleviate LPS-induced septic shock in mice.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone(DMQ),an active ingredients in fermented wheat germ extract,for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and alleviating septic shock in mice.Methods Cultured murine bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDM)stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)were treated with DMQ,followed by treatment with Nigericin,ATP,and MSU for activating the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome;the non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome was activated by intracellular transfection of LPS,and AIM2 inflammasome was activated using Poly A:T.In human monocytic THP-1 cells,the effect of Nigericin on inflammasome activation products was examined using Western blotting and ELISA.Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to explore the mechanism of DMQ-induced blocking of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.In a male C57BL/6J mouse model of LPS-induced septic shock treated with 20 and 40 mg/kg DMQ,the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum and peritoneal lavage fluid were determined using ELISA,and the survival time of the mice within 36 h was observed.Results Treatment with DMQ effectively inhibited LPS-induced activation of canonical NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse BMDM and human THP-1 cells and also inhibited non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mouse BMDM,but produced no significant effect on AIM2 inflammasome activation.DMQ significantly blocked the binding between ASC and NLRP3.In the mouse models of septic shock,DMQ treatment significantly reduced the levels of IL-1β in the serum and peritoneal fluid and obviously prolonged survival time of the mice.Conclusion DMQ can effectively block ASC-NLRP3 interaction to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and alleviate LPS-induced septic shock in mice.

【Objective】 To explore the correlation between serological screening of human T-lymphotropic virus antibodies (anti HTLV) and Western blot(WB) confirmatory tests among blood donors, so as to explore the infection status of HTLV Ⅰ/Ⅱ in Guangzhou. 【Methods】 The anti HTLV Ⅰ/Ⅱ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kit was used to screen voluntary blood donors from Guangzhou Blood Center from July 2016 to August 2022. WB was used to confirm 395 reactive blood samples by ELISA. The correlation between the S/CO values of anti HTLV Ⅰ/Ⅱ ELISA reagents and the confirmatory test was analyzed using ROC curves. 【Results】 The results showed that 25 out of 395 initially screened reactive blood donor samples were confirmed as HTLV positive by WB, while 16 were uncertain. ROC curve analysis showed a correlation between the S/CO values by ELISA and the confirmatory test results: the S/CO value at the highest Youden index was 3.789, which was the optimal threshold. The S/CO value had a certain correlation with the predicted positive rate of confirmatory results (P<0.05): the larger the S/CO value, the higher the predicted positive value. The overall prevalence of HTLV in Guangzhou is relatively low. 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of HTLV among blood donors in Guangzhou is low.Since the false positive rate of HTLV Ⅰ/Ⅱ antibody by ELISA serological screening is high, the confirmatory testing is particularly important.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 α (HNF-1α) and the occurrence and development of liver inflammation and fibrosis in liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods:Sixty-four patients with chronic hepatitis B who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from 2011 to 2018 were selected. All patients underwent ultrasound-guided aspiration liver biopsy. The pathological results of liver biopsy were collected for inflammation grading and fibrosis staging. The liver puncture biopsies was collected by paraffin sectioning. The expression of HNF1α in the liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test was used for bidirectional ordered grouping data, and Spearman’s rank-correlation test was used for rank correlation analysis. Results:There were varying degrees of inflammatory necrosis and fibrosis in the liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis B. There was a linear relationship between the expression of HNF1α and the level of inflammation in liver tissues ( χ2MH = 40.70, P < 0.05). The expression of HNF1α in liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis B was decreased with the increase of liver inflammation. The expression intensity of HNF1α was negatively correlated with the inflammation grade ( rs = -0.815, P < 0.05). There was a linear relationship between the expressions of HNF1α and the degree and stage of liver fibrosis ( χ2MH = 31.95, P < 0.05). The expression level of HNF1α in liver tissue was gradually decreased with the aggravation of liver fibrosis. The expression intensity of HNF1α was negatively correlated with fibrosis stage ( rs = -0.713, P < 0.05). Conclusion:HNF1α is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver tissue inflammation and fibrosis, and is expected to be a sensitive indicator for evaluating the level of liver tissue inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. In addition, its down-regulation may be involved in the process of occurrence and development of liver inflammation and liver fibrosis, and may become a new target for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.

Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver injury caused by various etiologies and a complex pathological change with the activation of hepatic stellate cells as the central link, and various signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of such complex lesions. It has the dual nature of repair and damage and may eventually progress to liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and even liver cancer. In recent years, rapid progress has been made in the basic research on the cell signal transduction pathways associated with liver fibrosis, and some achievements have been made in the research on the treatment strategy of liver fibrosis. This article briefly reviews the cell signaling pathways associated with the development of liver fibrosis, including the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the TGF-signaling 1/Smad signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, the Hedgehog signaling pathway, and the Notch signaling pathway, and also introduces the potential therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis at present.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain cancer stem cells (CSCs) from surgically resected colorectal cancer specimens and identify their stem cell characteristics. METHODS: Colorectal cancer tissue specimen obtained from a patient undergoing radical resection of colorectal cancer were implanted in nude mice, and the xenograft was harvested 1 month later to obtain purified tumor cells by enzyme digestion and adherent culture. The CSCs were screened by limiting dilution method and serum-free culture to identify their phenotypes. Soft agar colony assay was used to assess the proliferative ability of the CSCs and human colorectal cancer cell line SW480. The tumorigenic ability of the isolated CSCs and SW480 cells was evaluated by observing their subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the immunophenotype of the CSCs and SW480 cells. RESULTS: The primary cultured CSCs from clinical specimens of colorectal cancer underwent differentiation in the presence of serum in the culture. Soft agar colony formation assay showed that the CSCs had a colony formation rate above 50%, significantly higher than the rate of colorectal cancer SW480 cells (4.41%; < 0.01). In nude mice, subcutaneous injection of 500 CSCs was sufficient to result in subcutaneous tumor formation, while the injection of 500 SW480 cells failed to form any subcutaneous tumors. The CSCs expressed CD133 and CD44 but not CK7, while SW480 cells expressed CK7 but not CD133 or CD44. CONCLUSIONS CSCs can be derived by primary culture of cancer cells obtained from surgically resected colorectal cancer tissue followed by serum-free culture, and the CSCs obtained have self-renewal and differentiation abilities.
Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplastic Stem Cells

Objective To compare the performance of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) between Lnk-knockout mice and wild-type mice. Methods The C57 BL/6 mice with similar week age were divided into wild type group (WT), wild type mouse with colitis group (WT +DSS), Lnk-knockout group (KO) and Lnk-knockout mouse with colitis group (KO + DSS). WT and KO mice were admitted to drink water freely, WT + DSS and KO + DSS mice was allowed to drink2. 5％ DSS aqueous solution freely. The experiment was carried out for 7 days to observe daily weight change, fecal texture (soft or hardness) and intestinal hemorrhage in mice, and to evaluate the disease activity index (DAI). After 7 days, the peripheral blood was collected to detect the regulatory B-cell (Breg) frequency by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of WT mice and KO mice. The mouse was sacrificed, and the bowel was taken to observe the shape, color and measure the length of the intestine. The colonic tissue was produced by histological sections and HE staining, and histological changes were observed under the microscope. Results The bowel movement was normal in WT group and KO group, and the mice in KO + DSS group and the WT + DSS group had manifestation of earlier diarrhea and blood-draining. In the experimental period, the weight of KO + DSS group was significantly lower than the other 3 groups, and DAI in the KO + DSS group increased significantly with time. Breg cells frequency in KO group was significantly lower than WT group. In the KO +DSS group, colon obviously shortened, microscopic examination of HE tissue section showed erosive bleeding congestion, multiple lesions shallow ulcer, inflammatory cell infiltration mucosa and submucosa with involvement of the muscle layer, which indicated increased inflammatory response.Conclusion Lnk deficiency can aggravate the performance of DSS-induced colitis in mice, which may be related to the decrease of Breg cells frequency and negative regulation of inflammatory response in Lnk KO mice.

Objective To compare the performance of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) between Lnk-knockout mice and wild-type mice. Methods The C57 BL/6 mice with similar week age were divided into wild type group (WT), wild type mouse with colitis group (WT +DSS), Lnk-knockout group (KO) and Lnk-knockout mouse with colitis group (KO + DSS). WT and KO mice were admitted to drink water freely, WT + DSS and KO + DSS mice was allowed to drink2. 5％ DSS aqueous solution freely. The experiment was carried out for 7 days to observe daily weight change, fecal texture (soft or hardness) and intestinal hemorrhage in mice, and to evaluate the disease activity index (DAI). After 7 days, the peripheral blood was collected to detect the regulatory B-cell (Breg) frequency by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of WT mice and KO mice. The mouse was sacrificed, and the bowel was taken to observe the shape, color and measure the length of the intestine. The colonic tissue was produced by histological sections and HE staining, and histological changes were observed under the microscope. Results The bowel movement was normal in WT group and KO group, and the mice in KO + DSS group and the WT + DSS group had manifestation of earlier diarrhea and blood-draining. In the experimental period, the weight of KO + DSS group was significantly lower than the other 3 groups, and DAI in the KO + DSS group increased significantly with time. Breg cells frequency in KO group was significantly lower than WT group. In the KO +DSS group, colon obviously shortened, microscopic examination of HE tissue section showed erosive bleeding congestion, multiple lesions shallow ulcer, inflammatory cell infiltration mucosa and submucosa with involvement of the muscle layer, which indicated increased inflammatory response.Conclusion Lnk deficiency can aggravate the performance of DSS-induced colitis in mice, which may be related to the decrease of Breg cells frequency and negative regulation of inflammatory response in Lnk KO mice.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*