TCM master,Professor Zou Yanqin,has been practicing medicine and teaching for more than 60 years;inherited the academic thoughts and clinical experience of Professor Zou Yunxiang,the third generation descendant of the Menghe School of Medi-cine,a famous doctor,master of nephrology,and famous master of Chinese medicine;leads Zou's nephrology team to continuously ex-plore and create new theories,new methods,and new prescriptions for treating kidney disease;set up a banner in the field of TCM kid-ney disease and established a complete TCM kidney disease differentiation and treatment system.The research results have been promo-ted and applied nationwide year by year and item by item.The summary of Zou's nephrology academic experience in treating kidneys is as follows:studying the classics carefully,adopting many techniques,innovating and developing;focusing on maintaining kidney qi,replenishing kidney yuan,and taking into account the five viscera;syndrome differentiation emphasizing deficiency and excess,as well as regulation of three Jiao and qi,blood,and water;identifying the symptoms,root cause,priority and the secondary;staging and seg-menting,and applying modifications;linking all kinds of lumps in kidney diseases with nourishing blood,and focusing on promoting blood circulation;advocating mild and plain treatment methods,and magical prescription;advocating lightness in the use of medicine,light medicine and heavy dose,and making good use of drug pairs;adopting various administration routes,combined use of medicine and food,ointment for nourishing and health-care.

In recent years,with the rapid development and widespread popularity of smartphones,analytical sensors based on different action principles have provided an effective solution for forensic real-time detection.In this paper,the recent progress of smartphone-based systems of analytical sensors in forensic real-time detection was reviewed.The analytical principle,the performance of different analytical sensing,and their future perspectives were discussed respectively.

OBJECTIVE: To design and construct a graphene oxide (GO)/silver nitrate (Ag₃PO₄)/chitosan (CS) composite coating for rapidly killing bacteria and preventing postoperative infection in implant surgery. METHODS: GO/Ag₃PO₄ composites were prepared by ion exchange method, and CS and GO/Ag₃PO₄ composites were deposited on medical titanium (Ti) sheets successively. The morphology, physical image, photothermal and photocatalytic ability, antibacterial ability, and adhesion to the matrix of the materials were characterized. RESULTS: The GO/Ag₃PO₄ composites were successfully prepared by ion exchange method and the heterogeneous structure of GO/Ag₃PO₄ was proved by morphology phase test. The heterogeneous structure formed by Ag₃PO₄ and GO reduced the band gap from 1.79 eV to 1.39 eV which could be excited by 808 nm near-infrared light. The photothermal and photocatalytic experiments proved that the GO/Ag₃PO₄/CS coating had excellent photothermal and photodynamic properties. In vitro antibacterial experiments showed that the antibacterial rate of the GO/Ag₃PO₄/CS composite coating against Staphylococcus aureus reached 99.81% after 20 minutes irradiation with 808 nm near-infrared light. At the same time, the composite coating had excellent light stability, which could provide stable and sustained antibacterial effect. CONCLUSION GO/Ag₃PO₄/CS coating can be excited by 808 nm near infrared light to produce reactive oxygen species, which has excellent antibacterial activity under light.
Chitosan ; Silver Nitrate ; Titanium ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Coloring Agents

Objective:To explore the association between α5 subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subtype 5(GABRA5) gene polymorphism and executive function in patients with major depressive disorder.Methods:From August 2018 to September 2020, one hundred and eighty depressed patients diagnosed by DSM-Ⅳ-TR criteria were included from Xuzhou Eastern Hospital, meanwhile 120 healthy controls with matching demographic characteristic were recruited.Gene polymorphisms were detected through the elbow vein blood of all subjects. The severity of the patients was assessed by 17 items Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17). The executive function of subjects was tested by Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and event-related potential P300.The t test and χ2 test were used for statistic analysis by SPSS 17.0. Results:The cognitive function of depression patients with GABRA5 receptor gene carrying T allele was significantly lower than that of patients with C allele ( t=2.35-3.45, P<0.05). The cognitive dysfunction was associated with sleep and anxiety/somatization symptoms in depression patients ( r=-0.197-0.409, P<0.05). Anxiety/somatization symptoms in patients with depression partially mediated the association between GABRA5 receptor gene polymorphism and cognitive dysfunction(effect value=-0.611, 95% CI=-1.393--0.057). Conclusion:The GABRA5 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with cognitive dysfunction in patients with depression, and anxiety/somatization symptoms partially mediate the impairment of cognitive function caused by GABRA5 receptor gene polymorphism.

Objective : To investigate the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the biophysical properties and cytoskeleton structure of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs) . Methods: HepG2 cells were respectively treated with 0 , 0. 01 , 0. 1 , 1 , 5 , 10 μmol/L AFB1 for 24 h and 48 h , and the cell viability was measured by CCK⁃8 kit.Based on this result , the influences of 10 μmol/L AFB1 on the osmotic fragility , membrane fluidity , electrophoretic mobility (EPM) and F ⁃actin structure of cells were analyzed. Subsequently , total RNAs were extracted and the PCR. Results: The increased viability of HepG2 cells was induced by AFB1 in a dose⁃dependent manner after 48h treatment. After treated with 10 μmol/L AFB1 , the anti⁃hypotonic ability and EPM of HepG2 cells were en⁃hanced. The content of F ⁃actin in HepG2 cells increased obviously , while the mRNA expression levels of the main cytoskeleton binding proteins were altered. Conclusion AFB1 can affect the biophysical properties , cytoskeleton structure and its binding proteins of HepG2 cells , which may be directly related to its toxic action.

The massive accumulation of β-amyloid （Aβ） in the brain is believed to be the first pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease （AD）， and the accumulation is mainly resulted from the overproduction and dysfunction in the clearance. Extensive and in-depth research has been carried out on AD. In addition to the drugs which are commonly used in clinical settings to improve cognitive function， Aβ monoclonal antibody aducanumab （Aduhelm） has been successfully marketed in the US， which may delay the progress of AD. Thus， it is a potential method for the treatment of AD to target Aβ， but it is expensive， with many adverse reactions and contraindications， which hinders the clinical promotion. Traditional Chinese medicine， featuring multiple components， multiple targets， multiple pathways， and high safety， can regulate the level of Aβ deposition in the brain， alleviate neurotoxicity， and prevent and treat AD by inhibiting the production and aggregation of Aβ and promoting the clearance in the brain. Berberine， gallic acid， osthole， scutellaria barbata flavonoids， Huannao Yicong decoction and Ditantang can promote α-secretase and inhibit the activity and expression of β- and γ-secretase， thus reducing production of Aβ. Baicalein， aloe-emodin， gallic acid， and curcumin can suppress the aggregation of Aβ， promote its depolymerization， and reduce the toxic effect of Aβ on nerve cells by interacting with the hydrophobic structure of Aβ and the H bond， salt bridge， and β-sheet that mediate the aggregation of Aβ. Curcumin and resveratrol can promote the expression of triggering receptor 2 in bone marrow cells of microglia and the migration and phagocytosis of Aβ in microglia. Bilobalide， Kaixinsan and curcumin can up-regulate the expression of encephalin-degrading enzyme and insulin degrading enzyme to promote Aβ degradation， and geniposide， dihydrotanshinone， dihydroartemisinin， and curcumin can degrade Aβ in cells by activating normal autophagy or inhibiting abnormal autophagy. Cycloastragenol， Danggui Shaoyaosan， Yizhi Fangdai formula and Linggui Zhugan decoction can promote the outflow of Aβ and inhibit the inflow of Aβ by improving the integrity and permeability of the blood-brain barrier （BBB）. Yizhi Fangdai formula and Xueshuantong can promote the polarization of aquaporin 4（AQP4）， allow Aβ to be cleared through the lymphatic system， and reduce the aggregation of Aβ in the brain， thereby relieving or preventing nerve cell damage and improving cognitive function. The above summary aims to provide more sufficient evidence and ideas for the clinical treatment of AD with traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To study the genotype distribution of drug-related gene polymorphism of methotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide (LEF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:The genotyping results of RA patients' MTX and LEF related genes(MTHFR677C/T, MTHFR1298A/C, ABCB13435T/C, DHODH19C/A and CYP1A2734C/A) detected in Shanghai Guanghua Hospital from December 2018 to May2019 and drug-related adverse effect were statisticallyanalyzed. The independence of allele distribution was tested by Hardy-Weinberg test. Counting data of genotypes and allele frequencies among the groups were analyzed by the chi-square test. Measurement data were showed as Mean±SD deviation. The network between incidence of adverse events and genotypes of patients was analyzed by cytoscape software. Results:Genotype distribution in 151 patients was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg genetic balance ( P>0.05), and genotype and allele distribution of each gene showed no statistical difference in gender ( P>0.05). The results showed that the most common genotype in RA were that genotypes of the good response with moderate resistance to MTX (MTHFR677CC/MTHFR1298AA/ABCB13435CT) (16 cases, 13.5%) and the good response with moderate side effect risk to LEF(DHODH19CC/CYP1A2734AC) (25 cases, 28.4%). According to the distribution frequency of alleles, the incidence of high side effects caused by MTX combined with LEF was predicted to be 2.9%, which was close to 1.8% of the actual genotypes of patients. The types and proportion of clinical adverse reactions in patients were retrospectively analyzed and the correlation network analysis was conducted with the genotype analysis results. It was found that the incidence rates of adverse reactions were liver injury (35.4%, 35/99), leukopenia (14.1%, 14/99), thrombocytopenia (2.0%, 2/99), and skin rash (1.0%, 1/99) from the top to the bottom. The top two genotypes that were related to the occurence of adverse events were MTHFR677CT/MTHFR1298AA/ABCB13435CT and DHODH19CA/CYP1A2734AC, respectively, which verified the consistency between drug-related genotype and clinical manifestations in RA patients. Conclusion:Our results suggested that genotype in RA patients is closely related to drug efficacy and adverse events. 2.9% of RA patients need to stop taking MTX and LEF due to high MTX resistance and poor MTX response and increased toxicity when combined with LEF, in which the proportion of liver injury is the highest.

Objective:To analyze the consistency of the clinical phenotype of Alport syndrome between monozygotic twins.Methods:This retrospective study included identical twins with Alport syndrome who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were admitted to Peking University First Hospital from January 2000 to March 2019. Their clinical data and urinary epidermal growth factor (uEGF) level were extracted from the on-line registry system of hereditary kidney diseases, and analyzed retrospectively.Results:Three pairs of monozygotic twins with X-linked Alport syndrome from three non-consanguineous families were included. The consistency of the genotype status between the twins tended to confirm their monozygotic relationship. The first twins were term infants, and the twin 1A had a normal birth weight (2 500 g) while twin 1B was small for gestational age (2 450 g) . The other two pairs of twins were preterm, with different birth weights between twins 2 (2A is 2 450 g, 2B is 1 900 g) , but similar birth weights between twins 3. Although raised in the same environment, compared with twin 1A, 1B had obvious growth retardation. However, growth rate in the remaining twins were consistent. The renal abnormalities were not exactly the same between both twins 1 and twins 2, but was almost the same in twins 3. Both 1A and 1B were characterized by massive proteinuria and renal dysfunction, whereas 1B had worse renal function. At the last follow-up, 1A was diagnosed with stage 3 of chronic kidney disease (CKD) whereas 1B was CKD stage 4. Although renal function in twins 2 were normal, 2A had prominent proteinuria(24 h urinary total protein: 0.22 g) while 2B only had microalbuminuria(urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio: 65 mg/g). Compared with the age-matched healthy controls, the concentration of uEGF normalized by urine creatinine (uEGF/Cr) were significantly lower in these twins. Besides, the twin-boy who had lower estimated glomerular filtration rates had lower uEGF/Cr. However, the extrarenal manifestations such as ocular and acoustic abnormalities were similar between the twins. Twins 2 and 3 showed bilateral temporal retinal thinning, and twins 1 both had binaural mild mid-low frequency sensorineural deafness.Conclusions:Renal manifestations of X-linked Alport syndrome in monozygotic twins may differ from each other, whereas the extrarenal manifestations including ocular and acoustic abnormalities may be consistent. Low birth weight and growth retardation may be associated with the progression of renal dysfunction.

Objective: To integrate the best evidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention into practice, improve nurses′ compliance, and reduce the incidence of VTE in orthopaedic department. Methods: Guided by the standard procedure in the JBI-Paces program, collected the best evidence from online databases and set the standards. Collected data through field observation, interviews and review of nursing records. A total of 167 patients and 36 nurses we recruited in the study and audited twice. We judged the result by the knowledge level of nurses and patients, nurses′ compliance with the evidence and the incidence rate of VTE. Results: In baseline review, three criteria of poor compliance, "the correct situation of daily inspection of VTE risk assessment", "Wear gradient pressure stockings correctly for VTE high-risk patients", "Intermittent pneumatic compression device (IPCD) used twice a day for 30 minutes each time", were significantly improved after the application of evidence, increased from 47.22% (17/36) ,36.11% (13/36) ,36.11% (13/36) to 86.11% (31/36) , 86.11% (31/36) , 91.67 (33/36) respectively (χ²=12.25, 18.94, 24.08, all P < 0.05); The incidence of VTE decreased from 2.7% to 0 (P=0.195); the correct rate of VTE risk assessment, awareness rate of health education among patients, implementation rate of physical preventive measures and qualified rate of VTE-related knowledge and skills among nurses increased from 82.43% (61/74) ,74.32% (55/74) ,83.78% (62/74) ,77.03% (57/74) to 97.85% (91/93) ,91.40% (85/93) ,97.85% (91/93) ,96.77% (90/93) respectively (χ²= 8.86-15.24, all P < 0.01) . Conclusion The integration of best evidence standardize nurses′ behaviors, reduce the incidence rate of VTE, improve the quality of clinical care and promote the satisfaction of patients continuously.

Objective To observe the features of temporal macular thinning and its value for the diagnosis of Alport syndrome (AS) in young patients.Methods Eighty-one young patients with AS (81 eyes) from Peking University First Hospital during January 2016 and July 2017 were included in this study.There were 67 males (67 eyes) and 14 females (14 eyes),the aged from 3 to 17 years,with the mean age of 9.6 years.Among 81 patients (81 eyes),there were 64 patients with X-linked AS (XLAS,including 53 males and 11 females),17 patients with autosomal recessive AS (ARAS,including 14 males and 3 females).One hundred healthy subjects aged 4 to 17 years were included as controls.Clinical data were retrospectively evaluated,including visual acuity,slit-lamp microscopy,dilated fundus photography,and OCT.Retinal thickness was measured with an OCT scan and the temporal thinning index (TTI) was calculated as stated in a previous study.The TTI values of each group was compared by One-way ANOVA or independent sample t test.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness for AS.Results The TTI of the control group,XLAS and ARAS patients were 6.46 ± 1.58,10.93 ± 3.77,12.14± 4.05,respectively.Compared with the control group,the TTI value of males were larger in the XLAS and ARAS group (F=45.056,P＜0.001),the TTI value of females were larger in the ARAS group (F=26.541,P＜0.001).The difference of TTI value in females was significant between the XLAS and ARAS groups (F=26.541,P＜0.001).In males,the area under the ROC curve was 0.896 (95％CI 0.837-0.955,P＜0.001).The optimal cutoff value of the TTI was determined as 9.47,with a sensitivity of 73.1％ and a specificity of 100％.Conclusions TTI is a common ocular finding in young patients with AS.In males,a TTI ＞ 9.47 may differentiate AS from normal males.