Objective To investigate the nutritional status and dietary structure of tuberculosis patients among dif-ferent populations, analyze the factors influencing the nutritional status of tuberculosis patients, and provide theo-retical basis for improving clinical nutrition and related issues in tuberculosis patients.Methods Tuberculosis pa-tients, non-tuberculosis patients, and healthy individuals were randomly selected for a questionnaire survey.De-scriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.0 software.Statistical description was performed using rates and composition ratios, and qualitative data were described using relative numbers.Chi-square test was used to compare overall rates and composition ratios among different health conditions groups, with a significance level of α=0.05.Independent factors analysis of nutritional status body mass index (BMI) was conducted using multiple Logistic re-gression analysis for variables with statistically significant differences in the univariate analysis.Results There were differences in the nutritional status (x2 =62.184, P<0.05) and dietary diversity score (x2 =64.049, P<0.05) among tuberculosis patients, non-tuberculosis patients, and healthy individuals.Univariate analysis of nutri-tional status BMI showed statistically significant differences in gender, smoking, meat-based diet, vegetable-based diet, moderate diet diversity score, and 6 other variables for tuberculosis patients (P <0.05) , and in gender, age, ethnicity, marital status, occupation, education level, smoking, drinking white wine, drinking beer, meat-based diet, moderate diet, and 11 other variables for healthy individuals (P<0.05) .The variables with statisti-cally significant differences in the univariate analysis were included in the multiple ordinal logistic regression analy-sis model for both tuberculosis patients and healthy individuals.The results showed that the level of education, veg-etable intake, moderate food diversity score (DDS) of 4-6 were independent influencing factors of nutritional sta-tus BMI among tuberculosis patients (P<0.05);marital status was an independent influencing factor of nutritional status BMI among non-tuberculosis patients (P<0.05);while gender and occupation were independent influencing factors of nutritional status BMI among healthy individuals (P<0.05).Conclusion The dietary nutritional status of the three population groups varied.Targeted health education should be conducted, especially for tuberculosis patients, to address the issue of uneven dietary intake and promote good dietary habits among local tuberculosis pa-tients.

Objective To investigate the cognition of colorectal cancer-related knowledge and influencing factors of patients with middle- and advanced-stage colorectal cancer in ethnic minority areas of Inner Mongolia. Methods According to the national population and the prevalence of colorectal cancer, 277 patients with colorectal cancer were selected by stratified and random sampling in Inner Mongolia. The patients were surveyed in Baotou, Chifeng, Bayannaoer, and other hospitals. The questionnaire included patients' basic information, cognition of colorectal cancer risk factors and screening knowledge, screening information, etc. Results Before suffering from the disease, the patients' knowledge of colorectal cancer (risk factors, early screening knowledge, treatment methods) was low. About 54.9% of patients were unaware of high risk factors for colorectal cancer, 75.8% of patients did not understand the knowledge of early screening of colorectal cancer, and 37.5% of patients did not underst and the treatment of colorectal cancer. The main influencing factors of colorectal cancer cognition were education level and occupation. Patients who work in institutions and enterprises and with higher education level had better cognition. Conclusion Patients with middle- and advanced-stage colorectal cancer in Inner Mongolia have poor knowledge and awareness of risk factors and screening of colorectal cancer before diagnosis. Education level and occupation are factors influencing colorectal cancer cognition, therefore, people with low knowledge rate of colorectal cancer and low education level as well as unemployed laid-off people should be given priority intervention.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of anorectal dynamics in elderly patients with functional defecation disorders(FDD), and to provide a basis for their diagnosis, treatment and prevention.Methods:In this retrospective study, 226 patients with FDD receiving 3D high-resolution anorectal manometry were divided into an elderly group(93 cases)and a non-elderly group(133 cases). Results from anorectal manometry parameters were compared and analysis of patterns of anorectal pressure changes in elderly participants based on sex, the Bristol stool classification and clinical symptoms was conducted.Results:The resting anal pressure, rectal pressure and anal relaxation rate were lower( t=-3.407, -2.051, Z=2.548, P=0.001, 0.040, 0.011)and the volume of first sensation was higher( t=1.998, P=0.047)in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group.The maximum anal squeezing pressure, residual anal pressure and maximum tolerated volume were higher( t=4.589, 4.730, 2.025, all P<0.05), whereas the anal relaxation rate and anorectal pressure gradient were lower in elderly men than in elderly women( Z=4.059, t=-3.714, P<0.001 for both). Regarding the types of FDD, both the elderly group and the non-elderly group were dominated with type Ⅱ defecation disorder, with more men than women having type Ⅱ defecation disorder in the elderly group( χ2=10.343, P=0.001). In cases of paradoxical sphincter contraction during simulated defecation, the incidence in the elderly group was 80.65%(75/93), which was higher than 68.42%(91/133)in the non-elderly group( χ2=4.194, P=0.041). The volume of first sensation, volume of first defecation sensation, and maximum tolerated volume of patients in the elderly group without the urge to defecate were(59.86±23.84)ml, (96.76±34.61)ml, and(144.32±30.57)ml, respectively, higher than those of patients with the urge to defecate(46.79±17.20)ml, (75.26±28.75)ml, and(120.00±40.28)ml( t=-2.241, -2.493, -2.891, P=0.027, 0.014, 0.005). The rectal pressure(26.52±16.08)mmHg of patients with defecation dyssynergia was lower than that of patients without defecation dyssynergia(39.91±8.82)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)( t=-3.128, P=0.002), while the resting anal pressure of patients with defecation dyssynergia(90.60±28.44)mmHg was higher than that of patients without defecation dyssynergia(73.65±27.10)mmHg( t=-2.201, P=0.030). The resting anal pressure and maximum anal squeezing pressure in patients with anal blockage sensation[(87.11±24.64)mmHg, (149.28±48.29)mmHg]were higher than those in patients without anal blockage sensation[(72.43±20.02)mmHg, (121.76±26.35)mmHg]( t=2.954、3.066, P=0.004、0.003). There was no significant difference in values from parameters of anorectal dynamics between patients with different Bristol stool types, with and without incomplete defecation or with different degrees of abdominal distension(all P>0.05). Conclusions:Anorectal dynamics in patients with FDD are characterized by paradoxical anal sphincter movements, but older patients with FDD are mainly characterized by inadequate rectal propulsion, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and reduced rectal sensitivity.

Objective To understand and evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of female human papillomavirus and HPV vaccine in Chinese mainland. Methods We searched the relevant studies about the knowledge, attitude and behavior factors of HPV infection and HPV vaccine published in PubMed, MEDLINE, CNKI and Wanfang databases about Chinese mainland women from January 1, 1995 to January 31, 2021.Two researchers independently screened the literatures, extracted data and the literatures with quality score≥5 points.Chi square test was used to evaluate its heterogeneity.Begg' s test was used to evaluate publication bias. Results A total of 33 literatures were included, with a total number of 46013 people.The results showed that the total awareness rate of HPV in the population was 65.9%, the lowest rates were 16.0%, 41.2% and 14.4% in Northeast, rural areas and middle school students, respectively; while the highest rates of HPV were 77.4%, 56.3% and 71.0% in Central China, cities and towns and college students, respectively.The main source of HPV knowledge was the network/WeChat official account number (38.9%), and the lowest was family/friend (4.5%).The population's awareness rate of HPV vaccine related knowledge was 41.4%, the highest rates were 51.8% and 69.7% in East China and medical staff, respectively, while the lowest were 23.6% and 12.7% in Southwest and middle school students. Conclusion In order to achieve the total elimination of cervical cancer in China by 2030 as soon as possible, people should strengthen their awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine related knowledge.

Objective: To understand the epidemic status and influencing factors of Mongolian children with ASD in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, so as to provide data support for formulating prevention and intervention strategies and improving the overall epidemiological investigation of ASD in Inner Mongolia. Methods: Sixteen kindergartens and primary schools were selected from Chifeng City, Ulanqab City, Tongliao City, Hulunbuir City and Xilingol League cities in Inner Mongolia by means of random cluster sampling. Firstly, 7 108 children aged 3-14 were initially screened with the Kirschner Autism Behavior Scale(CABS), and then the children with ASD positive were given the autism behavior test scale (ABC). According to the diagnostic criteria, the professionals, including chief physicians and associate chief physicians from the major of child psychiatry, diagnosed ASD with the total score of ABC scale ≥62. Univariate and Logistic regression multivariate analysis were carried out among Mongolian children to find out the influencing factors related to the occurrence of Mongolian ASD in Inner Mongolia. Results: The prevalence of Mongolian children was 0.37%. Mongolian ASD group and Mongolian normal children series in the household register, habitual twitch, hyperactivity, bite lips, families have extreme introverts, mothers age, father s cultural level, cultural degree of mother, father mother mild character, irritable, neonatal diseases, fetal gestational age distribution had statistical significance( χ 2/Z= 12.58 , 16.68, 14.93, 64.43, -3.76, -2.86, 4.57, 11.12, 12.33, 16.66, P <0.05). Conclusion Measures such as shaping a healthy growth environment, adjusting parental style, paying attention to the level of early childhood language development, and preventing neonatal diseases might lower the risk of ASD in children.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of Gansu tablets combined with entecavir on patients with severe hepatitis B and the effect on patients’ immune function. Methods A total of 108 cases of severe hepatitis B patients who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were randomly divided into two groups: entecavir group and combination treatment group, 54 cases each. Entecavir group was treated with entecavir, and combination treatment group was treated with Gansu tablets and entecavir. The levels of AST, GGT, alt, FIB, APTT, Pt, GSH Px, LPO and MDA in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. T-lymphocyte subsets were measured by cell analyzer. The therapeutic effect and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The levels of AST, GGT and ALT in the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those in the entecavir group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the FIB level of patients in the combined treatment group was higher than that in the entecavir group, and the APTT and Pt levels were lower than those in the entecavir group (P<0.05). After treatment, the GSH PX level of the combined treatment group was higher than that of entecavir group, and the LPO and MDA levels were lower than that of entecavir group (P<0.05). After treatment, the level of CD8 + was lower than that of entecavir group, and the level of CD4 + and CD3 + was higher than that of entecavir group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the combined treatment group was higher than that of the entecavir group (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the combined treatment group was slightly higher than that in the entecavir group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The use of Gansu tablets combined with entecavir in the treatment of severe hepatitis B patients was able to improve liver function, improve coagulation function, reduce oxidative stress injury, and improve the immune function of patients, demonstrating a potential clinical application value.

Objective: To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of children with ASD in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, and to provide theoretical basis for disease prevention and prevalence of ASD. Methods: Sixteen primary schools and kindergartens were selected from 5 cities in central and eastern Inner Mongolia through random cluster sampling. A total of 15 817 children aged 3-14 years were selected. Children who were positive using Clancy Autism Behavior Scale were further diagnosed according to the teacher s nomination form and the Autism Behavior Checklist, as well as the diagnostic criteria of the fifth edition of the American Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders by 2 professionals. Results: The prevalence of ASD was 0.27% (42/15 817), with prevalence in urban areas (0.16%, 15/9 231) higher than that of rural areas (0.41%, 27/6 586) ( χ 2=8.89, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal education and language development were negatively associated with ASD in urban children [ OR =0.29(95% CI =0.12-0.69) and 0.18(95% CI =0.05-0.60), P <0.05]. ASD in rural children were positively associated with enuresis and introverted family members [ OR =7.09(95% CI =1.60-32.27) and 8.63(95% CI =3.10- 24.01 ), P <0.05]. Conclusion High prevalence of ASD is found in urban area of central and eastern Inner Mongolia. Unhealthy habits, neonatal diseases, low parental education, delayed language development and poor exercise performance are primary factors associated with ASD in both urban and rural areas.

Objective: To survey the conduction and evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China mainland. Methods: In a questionnaire-based survey, we retrospectively reviewed the application of ECMO in children's hospital and general hospital in China mainland to summarize and analyze the categories of diseases and prognosis of children treated with ECMO therapy. Results: By December 31, 2017, a total of 23 hospitals using ECMO, including 22 tertiary referral hospitals and 1 secondary hospital, among which 16 were children′s hospitals and 7 were general hospitals. Thirty-seven ECMO equipment was available. A total of 518 patients treated with ECMO, within whom 323 (62.4%) successfully weaned from ECMO and 262 (50.6%) survived to discharge. Among 375 pediatric patients, 233 (62.1%) were successfully weaned from ECMO and 186 (49.6%) survived to discharge. Among 143 newborn patients, 90 (62.9%) successfully weaned from ECMO, 76 (53.1%) survived to discharge. ECMO was applied in veno-arterial (VA) mode to 501 (96.7%) patients, veno-venous (VV) mode to 14 (2.7%) patients, and VV-VA conversion mode to 3 (0.6%) patients. Sixty-nine patients required extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), including 20 newborn patients (29.0%) and 38 pediatric patients (71.0%), who were all with cardiovascular disease. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (26/61), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) (12/61), and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (11/61) are the most common pulmonary diseases in newborn patients; among whom, infants with PPHN had highest survival rate (10/12), followed by MAS (9/11). Among newborn patients with cardiovascular diseases, those who admitted were after surgery for congenital cardiac disease were the most common (54/82), while those with septic shock had the highest survival rate (2/3). In pediatric pulmonary diseases, acute respiratory distress syndrome was the most common (42/93), while plastic bronchitis was with the highest survival rate (4/4), followed by viral pneumonia (13/16). Among pediatric cardiovascular diseases, congenital cardiac defect was the most common (124/282), while fulminant myocarditis had the highest survival rate (54/77). Conclusion The application of ECMO as a rescue therapy for children with severe cardiopulmonary failure has dramatically developed in China mainland.

Objective To explore the excitotoxic role of NMDA receptors in striatal neurons in glutaric aciduria type I (GA1). Methods A GA1 cell model was established by lentivirus-mediated shRNA to GCDH and excessive intake of lysine. The expression levels of NMDA receptors were determined by Western blotting. The striatal neurons were preprocessed by MK801(a NMDA receptor antagonist), then infected with lentivirus and cultured in high concentration lysine. Cell viability was measured using MTT. Apoptosis was assessed using Hoechst33342 staining. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of NR2B protein in the experimental group was increased, and there was statistical difference (P<0.001). The differentces in the cell viability and normal nuclear proportion among experimental group, control group, and MK-801 pretreatment group were statistically significant (P<0.01). The cell viability and normal nucleus proportion in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group while they were significantly higher in MK-801 pretreated group than those in the experiment group but still significantly lower than those in control group (P all <0.05). Conclusion The accumulation of metabolites in GA 1 played a toxic role in striatal neurons through NMDR receptors.

Objective:To determine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FrND) scale among smoking male inpatients with schizophrenia.Methods:Two hundred and twenty smoking male inpatients,who met criteria for schizophrenia of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ),were consecutively included.FTND scale and Russell's Reasons for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ) were used to assess subjects'severity of nicotine dependence and addiction score of the dimension of reason for smoking,respectively.According to the principle of voluntariness,37 subjects were selected and re-assessed with FTND scale after two-week interval.Reliability,correlation and factor analyses were used to examine the reliability and validity.Results:The Cronbach α (internal consistency) and two-week re-test reliability coefficients of FTND scale were 0.68 and 0.72 (P ＜0.01),respectively.The criterion related validity coefficient with addiction score of RRSQ was 0.53 (P ＜0.01).Two common factors were abstracted from the scale factor analysis,accounting for 52.4％ of the total variance.There were statistically significant differences between patients with different duration of illness,number of hospitalizations and age of smoking initiation (P ＜0.05).Conclusion:The Chinese version of FTND scale for smoking male inpatients with schizophrenia has a relatively low internal consistency and good re-test reliability,criterion related validity,construct validity and empirical validity.