Objectives:To analyze and compare the disease burden of ischemic stroke due to tobacco exposure (including active and passive smoking) and its changing trends in China from 1990 to 2019,and to provide a reference for precise prevention and control of ischemic stroke. Methods:Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database,we analyzed the burden of ischemic stroke disease attributable to tobacco exposure and its trends in different age and sex populations in China from 1990 to 2019,and compared the epidemiological differences in the burden of ischemic stroke disease attributable to active versus passive smoking. Results:Between 1990 and 2019,the disease burden of ischemic stroke attributable to tobacco exposure showed a decreasing trend in China and globally,but the decrease was relatively small in China.In 2019,the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rate (ASDR) of ischemic stroke attributable to tobacco exposure in China were 10.64/100000 and 239.39/100000,both higher than the global average levels (5.85/100000 and 140.23/100000 respectively).The actual mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates for ischemic stroke due to tobacco exposure in 2019 increased by 103.79％ and 90.48％,respectively,compared with 1990.There was a sex difference in the disease burden of ischemic stroke due to active and passive smoking,with the number of deaths,mortality,DALY,and DALY rates for ischemic stroke due to active smoking being significantly higher in men than in women.Conversely,the burden of ischemic stroke due to passive smoking was higher in women.At the age level,ischemic stroke attributable to both active and passive smoking presented the highest number of deaths,mortality,and DALY rates among those ≥70 years of age.Whereas DALY for ischemic stroke attributable to active smoking was mainly concentrated in those aged 50-69 years,DALY for ischemic stroke attributable to passive smoking was mainly concentrated in those aged ≥70 years. Conclusions:The disease burden of ischemic stroke attributable to tobacco exposure is higher in China than the global average level.The burden of ischemic stroke disease attributable to active and passive smoking varies significantly by sex and age,and more targeted tobacco control policies should be developed in China.

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) refers to the process in which some virus-specific antibodies (generally non-neutralizing antibodies) bind to the virus and bind to some cells expressing FcR on the surface through their Fc segment, thereby mediating the endocytosis and replication of the virus and enhancing the infection of the virus. This review summarized experience of ADE in respiratory syncytial virus, dengue virus, influenza virus infection and explored the possible mechanism of COVID-19 high incidence and severity of the disease, which implied challenges in the process of vaccine development and provided some insights for COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) refers to the process in which some virus-specific antibodies (generally non-neutralizing antibodies) bind to the virus and bind to some cells expressing FcR on the surface through their Fc segment, thereby mediating the endocytosis and replication of the virus and enhancing the infection of the virus. This review summarized experience of ADE in respiratory syncytial virus, dengue virus, influenza virus infection and explored the possible mechanism of COVID-19 high incidence and severity of the disease, which implied challenges in the process of vaccine development and provided some insights for COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Objective:To investigate the levels of C/EBPγ mRNA in liver cancer patients and the effect and mechanism of C/EBPγ on proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells.Methods:This experiment was performed in Department of Clinical Laboratory of Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital in vitro from October of 2018 to April of 2019. The pLKO.1 was the control group and shg1/shg2 were interference groups. The transcriptional levels of C/EBPγ in liver cancer were analyzed through Oncomine database and real-time PCR. HepG2 and Hep3B cells were cultivated in DMEM media with 10% FBS at 37℃ and 5% CO 2. Adenovirus vector shC/EBPγ-pLKO.1 was constructed and infected 293T cell combined with packaging carrier pMD2G, pMDLG/REE and pRSV/Rev. The empty vector pLKO.1 served as control. The virus supernatant was collected at 12 h and infected HepG2 cells four times. Puromycin were added at the concentration of 2 μg/mL and cells were selectively cultured for 48-72 h. The puromycin concentration was changed into 1 μg/mL after the selection. Growth curves were used to detect cell proliferation. ROS levels were determined by using DFH-DA assays. The oxidative stress related genes transcription changes were detected by using real-time PCR. The migration of HepG2 cells was assayed through scratch assay. NAC (1 mmol/L) were added to cells against oxidative stress. Results:The mRNA levels of C/EBPγ were much higher in liver cancer patients and cells than normal controls. The proliferation rates of C/EBPγ interference groups at 4 d (shg1: 1.93±0.70, shg2: 1.28±0.40) and 6 d (shg1: 3.05±0.90, shg2: 1.31±0.60) were lower than control groups (4 d: 6.18±0.80, 6 d: 22.41±2.56) significantly ( F=1 507.971, P<0.05) . Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were elevated in C/EBPγ interference groups and the transcription level of oxidative stress related genes (HPRT1, NQO1-tv2 and NQO1-tv4) was increased at 12 h and 24 h when the cells were cultured without serum. The scratch assays showed that non-healing area in C/EBPγ interference groups (shg1: 174 922.58±1 239 376.00,shg2: 1 374 656.00±248 882.79) was larger than control groups (66 690.82±1 278 954.00) ( F=39.871, P<0.05) . When the antioxidant NAP was added, the proliferation rates were elevated at 6 h and the ROS levels were decreased at 0.5 h, 1 h and 3 h ( F=7.587, 4.657, 3.903, P<0.05) . Conclusions:C/EBPγ mRNA levels were increased in liver cancer. When C/EBPγ was disturbed in HepG2 cells, the proliferation and migration were decreased, the ROS levels and oxidative stress related genes were elevated significantly, which indicated that C/EBPγ promoted proliferation and migration through reducing ROS levels in liver cancer.

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanism of hepatitis B virus x protein (HBx) on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation. Methods: Eukaryotic expression vector HBx-pEGFP-C1 was constructed. HepG2 cells were transfected transiently using Lipofectamine 2000. HBx expression in transfected cells were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. Cells proliferation and apoptosis were detected by using growth curves and TUNEL staining. The protein levels of caspase-3, p-p38, p-Akt and p-JNK were measured by Western blot. Results: HBx was successfully expressed in HepG2 cells. Growth curve result showed that HBx promoted cell proliferation (t=-0.8999, P=0.012). Compared with control group, the levels of p-p38(24 h) (t=- 11.058, P=0.0004) and p-JNK(48 h) (t=- 15.022, P=0.0001) in HBx-pEGFP-C1 group were increased significantly. There is no significant difference between the two groups′ apoptosis. Conclusions Transient overexpression of HBx promoted human hepatic carcinoma cells proliferation and activated the p38 and JNK signalling pathway.

Objective To observe the application value of dexmedetomidine combined with different doses of sufentanil in clear tracheal intubation on elderly patients.Methods From October 2014 to September 2016,42 elderly patients with difficult trachea in the People's Hospital of Taierzhuang District were selected and divided into observation group 1,observation group 2 and observation group 3 according to the random table method,with 14 cases in each group.The patients in three groups were intravenously given the same dose of dexmedetomidine injection,and on this basis,the three groups were intravenously given different doses of sufentanil injection.The one-time intubation success rate and the mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),electrocardiogram(ECG),blood oxygen saturation(SpO2),end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring(PETCO2),and Ramsay sedation score before intubation,immediately after intubation,5min after intubation and immediately after extubation were compared.Results The one-time intubation success rates of the observation group 1,group 2 and group 3 were 64.29％,71.43％and 57.14％,respectively,and there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups(P>0.05).Immediately after intubation,the MAP of the observation group 1,group 2 and group 3 were(84.62 ±5.03)mmHg,(98.97 ±6.20)mmHg and(82.92 ± 5.10)mmHg,HR were(67.94 ±2.85)times/min,(69.89 ±3.55)times/min and(66.47 ±4.22)times/min,respectively,SpO2 were(94.17 ±5.14)％,(97.45 ±3.87)％and(92.84 ±5.30)％,respectively,which were all decreased significantly compared with those before intubation(t=6.098,1.831,6.719,4.188,2.139,4.748,2.705,1.752,3.720,all P<0.05).At 5min after intubation,the MAP of the observation group 1,group 2 and group 3 were(83.94 ±3.81)mmHg,(97.87 ±3.34)mmHg and(81.87 ±3.70)mmHg,respectively,HR were(66.38 ± 3.05)times/min,(68.80 ±3.92)times/min and(65.37 ±4.48)times/min,respectively,SpO2 were(92.81 ± 5.53)％,(96.95 ±4.90)％and(90.17 ±4.51)％,respectively,which were all decreased significantly compared with before intubation(t=6.601,2.410,7.402,4.432,2.736,5.236,3.294,1.911,5.660,all P <0.05).The Ramsay sedation score of the observation group 2 was(3.16 ±0.36)points,which was higher than(1.78 ±0.29)points of the observation group 1(t=8.716,P=0.000),but lower than(5.03 ±0.72)points of the observation group 3(t=5.503,P=0.000).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with 0.25μg/kg sufentanil in awake nasal intubation on elderly patients has the least effect on vital signs and hemodynamics,and the sedation depth is moderate.

Objective To study the effect of flumazenil on hypnotic mice induced by diazepam and zolpidem ,and to eval-uate the possibility of flumazenil oral administration .Methods First ,Kunming mice were injected intraperitoneally with nor-mal saline and sodium pentobarbital (S + W) ,diazepam and pentobarbital sodium (D + W) ,zolpidem and pentobarbital sodi-um (Z + W) .The hypnotic effect of diazepam and zolpidem on prolonging the sleep time of pentobarbital sodium would be ver-ified by (D + W) group and (Z + W) group .Then the mice were injected intraperitoneally with flumazenil .The sleep time was used as the evaluation index to evaluate the effect of flumazenil against hypnosis . Finally , the oral administration of flumazenil was observed against hypnosis ,which was evaluated by using sleep time as an index .Results Compared with the control group (S+W) ,the diazepam group (D+W) and the zolpidem group (Z+W) significantly prolonged the sleep time in-duced by pentobarbital sodium (P<0 .001 ,P<0 .05);After Intraperitoneal injection of flumazenil ,compared with the diazepam group (D+W) and the zolpidem group (Z+W) ,the sleep time of the diazepam group [F(ip)+D+W] and the zolpidem group [F(ip)+Z+W] were significantly shorter (P<0 .001 ,P<0 .05);After oral administration of flumazenil ,the sleep time of the diazepam group [F(ig)+ D+ W] and the zolpidem group [F(ig)+ Z+ W] were also significantly shorter (P< 0 .001 ,P<0.05) .Conclusion Flumazenil ,whether intraperitoneal injection or intragastric administration ,could antagonize the hypnotic effect of diazepam and zolpidem .It was proved that oral administration of flumazenil had the same effect compared with intrap-eritoneal injection of flumazenil ,which provided the possibility of preparation of oral administration of flumazenil .

RNAs are known to regulate diverse biological processes, either as protein-encoding molecules or as non-coding RNAs.However, a new class of bi-functional RNAs, carrying both protein coding and RNA-intrinsic functions, have been identified and termed as 'CncRNAs'.This review discuss three major genomic sources of CncRNAs and describe the dual characteristics and functional mechanisms of them, providing a new perspective to further understand the complexity of the transcriptomics and genomes and the complex gene-regulatory network in organisms.

Objective: To explore the effect of persistent atrial ifbrillation (AF) on circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension (EH).
Methods: A total of 173 EH patients treated in Gansu Provincial Hospital from 2013-02 to 2014-01were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups: EH group,n=88 and Persistent AF combining EH group,n=85. The baseline information was studied and the risk factors of persistent AF combining EH were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: Compared with EH group, the Persistent AF combining EH group showed decreased average daytime DBP, minimum daytime SBP, minimum daytime DBP and the average 24-hour DBP, while increased maximum nighttime SBP and the percentage of reverse dipper in DBP, allP<0.05. There were no significant differences for the average of daytime SBP, maximum daytime SBP, maximum daytime DBP, the average 24-hour SBP, average nighttime SBP, average nighttime DBP, maximum nighttime DBP, minimum nighttime SBP, minimum nighttime DBP and the percentage of reverse dipper in SBP between 2 groups, allP>0.05. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the maximum nighttime SBP was obviously related to persistent AF combining EH (OR=1.038, 95 CI 1.014-1.062,P=0.001).
Conclusion: Persistent AF may incur daytime BP dropping, such change was not obviously observed for nighttime BP in EH patients.

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; metabolism ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Lectins, C-Type ; metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism