Objective: To explore the change of HIV knowledge, information access and attitude among college students in Beijing from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide reference for the formulation of targeted comprehensive prevention and control mesures for AIDS. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 3 098 undergraduate students in Beijing from January 2018 to December 2022, and a questionnaire was used to understand knowledge of HIV/AIDS among participants, information access and the attitude towards AIDS patients. Results: The questionnaire showed that the awareness rate of college students who were correct in more than 8 questions regarding HIV/AIDS related knowledge showed an increasing trend from 2018 to 2022, which were 66.93%, 70.10%, 72.14%, 75.04% and 76.89%, respectively ( P <0.05). In the 5-year survey, the awareness rate of "sharing toothbrush, razor or acupuncture apparatus with others can be infected with AIDS" was the highest, accounting for 82.67%, 83.01%, 84.06%, 84.99%, 87.16%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ 2=6.14, P >0.05). The awareness rate of "using new drugs will increase the risk of HIV infection" was the lowest, accounting for 50.08%, 50.98%, 52.98 %, 54.00% and 59.23%, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=12.87, P <0.05). From 2018 to 2022, the main access to HIV/AIDS information were the Internet, AIDS publicity materials, and family and friends notification. The acquisition of HIV/AIDS knowledge through the Internet showed an increasing trend by year, accounting for 77.90%, 80.88%, 82.13%, 83.03 % and 86.04%, respectively, with statistical significance ( χ 2 trend =14.37, P <0.05). Items of "choosing to gradually distance themselves after knowing that their friends around them are AIDS patients" "accepting to shake hands with AIDS patients", and "supporting and restricting activities of AIDS patients in public places" accounted for a relatively high proportion. During the year of 2018-2022, the diffences were not statistically significant ( χ 2=7.95, 2.45, 2.17, P >0.05). Conclusions HIV/AIDS knowledge among college students in Beijing from 2018 to 2022 needs to be improved. The Internet is the main way for college students to obtain HIV/AIDS knowledge. HIV/AIDS related discrimination is high among participants. Comprehensive HIV related knowledge education should be implemented to change the attitude of college students in Beijing.

Objective Analyze the surveillance results of foodborne illness from a level A tertiary general hospital in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2021,to provide a realistic basis for the continuous development and improvement of foodborne disease surveillance.Methods The data were collected from a level A tertiary general hospital in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2021 in the food safety risk assessment business application platform of national health insurance information project of National Health Security Disease Control Information System,and stool/anal swab samples were collected as required for pathogen detec-tion.Results From 2019 to 2021,a total of 2 323 cases of foodborne diseases were reported and 682 samples were collected,with a sampling rate of 29.36％,and 134 positive cases were detected,with a detection rate of 19.65％.The difference between the detection rates of different years was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The detection rate of norovirus was the highest(9.53％),followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus(8.94％)and Salmonella(1.91％).The difference between the detection rates of different pathogens was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The sex ratio of 2 323 cases was 1:1.28.Among the different age distributions,20-29 years old accounted for the highest proportion(29.19％),followed by 30-39 years old(27.21％)and＜20 years old(11.71％).The highest number of cases was reported from June to September,the peak was reached from July to Au-gust,and the number of cases was gradually reduced in October and later.Among different occupational groups,housework and unemployed people accounted for the highest proportion(30.18％),followed by farmers(15.93％),students(13.65％)and commercial service workers(11.80％).The main symptoms of the digestive system were diarrhea in 2 093 cases(90.10％),abdominal pain in 1 741 cases(74.95％),nausea in 1 575 cases(67.8％)and vomiting in 1 401 cases(60.31％).The main diarrhea was watery stool in 1 954 cases(84.12％).The main systemic symptoms were fatigue in 454 cases(19.54％)and dehydration in 212 cases(9.13％).The main clinical diagnosis was acute gastroenteritis in 1 980 cases(85.23％)and infec-tious diarrhea in 199 cases(8.57％).The suspected exposed foods were mainly aquatic animals and their products(25.10％)and meat and meat products(19.37％).The main eating places of suspected exposed foods were families(57.34％),followed by restaurants(21.91％),other places(5.94％)and street food stalls(5.21％).Conclusion From 2019 to 2021,the pathogens of foodborne diseases detected were mainly norovirus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus,mainly in the age group of 20 to 39 years old,and the occupation distribution was mainly household and unemployed people,farmers,students and commercial serv-ice personnel,with digestive system symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain and diarrhea.The suspected exposed foods are mainly aquatic animals and their products and meat and meat products,and the main eating places are families,restau-rants and street food stalls.The surveillance and reporting of foodborne diseases should continue to be strengthened in the future.

Objective To study the effects of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction on factors related to bone destruction and bone protection in rats with collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)based on osteopro-tegerin(OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand(RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-κB(RANK)signaling pathway.Methods According to the body weight,60 female Wistar rats were randomly di-vided into the following six groups:the normal group,the model group,the Triperygium wilfordii mul-tiglucoside group(0.01 g/kg),the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction low-dose group(8.6 g/kg),the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction medium-dose group(17.2 g/kg),and the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction high-dose group(34.4 g/kg)(n=10 rats per group).The rats in all groups except for the normal group were given 100 μg bovine type Ⅱ collagen on the 1st and 8th days to establish the CIA model,and was injected into the left foot sole and tail root of the rats.After the successful modeling,the rats were treated by gavage for 4 weeks.The general state,body weight,and arthritis index(AI)score of rats were recorded,and the contents of RANKL and OPG in rat serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The mRNA and protein expressions of RANKL,RANK,and OPG in the ankle joint were determined through real-time PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Results Com-pared with the normal group,the general state of the model group was poor,the toe swelling was obvious,the AI score was increased,the serum RANKL content was increased,the serum OPG content was de-creased,and the mRNA and protein expressions of RANKL and RANK in the ankle joint were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the degree of toe swelling and the AI score of rats in the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction low-,medium-,and high-dose groups were decreased,the serum RANKL content was decreased,the serum OPG content was increased,the mRNA and protein expres-sions of RANKL and RANK in the ankle joint were decreased,the mRNA and protein expressions of OPG were increased,and the RANKL/OPG ratio of the ankle joint was decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction can improve the destruction of joint bone in CIA rats,and its mecha-nism of action may be related to reducing RANKL level,reducing RANKL/OPG ratio,and regulating bone balance.

Objective:To evaluate the utility of the 9-gene panel as a differential diagnostic method for thyroid nodules within determinate cytological diagnosis and as a parallel diagnostic method for thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology.Methods:579 liquid-based cytology samples from 544 patients were collected after thyroid FNA diagnosis in our hospital from December 2014 to April 2021. Mutations at any site of 9 genes, namely, BRAF, NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, GNAS, RET, TERT, TP53, and PIK3CA as recorded by the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Taking postoperative histopathology and cytology results with definite benign or malignant diagnosis as the gold standard, the diagnostic efficacy of the 9-gene panel as a reclassified method for thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytological diagnosis and as a parallel diagnostic method for thyroid FNA cytology were evaluated and compared with that of the BRAF V600E single-gene detection method.Results:Of the 579 thyroid nodules, 196 (33.85%) were Bethesda Ⅱ, 11 (1.90%) were Bethesda Ⅲ, 31 (5.35%) were Bethesda Ⅳ, 27 (4.66%) were Bethesda Ⅴ, and 314 (54.23%) were Bethesda Ⅵ, as diagnosed by thyroid FNA cytology. Among these 579 thyroid nodules, 275 were tested positive for 9-gene mutations, with a mutation rate of 47.5%. Of the 329 thyroid nodules surgically removed, 30 (9.12%) were benign, 5 (1.52%) were borderline, and 294 (89.36%) were malignant. Regarding borderline nodules as malignant nodules, the mutation rates of the 9 genes in the 299 malignant thyroid nodules from high to low were BRAF 62.21% (186/299), NRAS 5.02% (15/299), HRAS 1.00% (3/299), PIK3CA 0.67% (2/299), GNAS 0.67% (2/299), KRAS 0.33% (1/299), TP53 0.33% (1/299), TERT 0.33% (1/299) and RET 0.00% (0/299). The malignant risks of the 9 genes from high to low were BRAF 100% (186/186), PIK3CA 100.00% (2/2), GNAS 100.00% (2/2), TERT 100.00% (1/1), TP53 100.00% (1/1), NRAS 78.95% (15/19), HRAS 75.00% (3/4), and KRAS 50.00% (1/2). For thyroid nodules of Bethesda Ⅲ-Ⅳ (indeterminate diagnosis), the sensitivity (SN) of the 9-gene panel in diagnosing thyroid cancer is 34.48% (10/29), the specificity (SP) is 61.54% (8/13), and the accuracy is 42.86% (18/42); whereas the SN of the BRAF V600E detection method is 0%. Therefore, the diagnostic efficiency of the 9-gene panel is significantly better than that of BRAF V600E single gene detection. For thyroid nodules of Bethesda Ⅱ-Ⅵ, the SN of the 9-gene panel in diagnosing thyroid cancer was 68.83% (254/369), the SP was 90.00% (189/210), the accuracy was 76.51% (443/579), and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.79; whereas the SN of BRAF V600E single-gene detection in diagnosing thyroid cancer was 63.69% (235/369), the SP was 99.52% (209/210), the accuracy was 76.68% (444/579), and the AUC was 0.82. The SP of BRAF V600E detection is higher than that of the 9-gene panel ( P＜0.01), but there is no significant difference in SN, accuracy (both P＞0.05), and AUC ( Z=0.85, P=0.396) between them. Gene mutations indicating poor prognosis were detected in 4 nodules of papillary thyroid carcinoma and 1 nodules of follicular thyroid carcinoma, including 2 nodules with TERT and BRAF V600E co-mutations, 1 nodule with TP53 mutation, and 2 nodules with PIK3CA mutation. Conclusions:As a reclassified method for thyroid lesions with indeterminate cytological diagnosis, the 9-gene panel is better than BRAF V600E single gene detection. As a parallel diagnostic method of thyroid FNA cytology, the 9-gene panel has similar diagnostic efficacy as BRAF V600E single-gene detection. The 9-gene panel can detect individual cases with gene mutations indicating poor prognosis. The identification of patients with these special gene mutations has certain implications for the clinical management of them.

Obesity and related metabolic syndromes have been recognized as important disease risks,in which the role of adipokines cannot be ignored.Adiponectin(ADP)is one of the key adipokines with various beneficial effects,including improving glucose and lipid metabolism,enhancing insulin sensitivity,reducing oxidative stress and inflammation,promoting ceramides degradation,and stimulating adipose tissue vascularity.Based on those,it can serve as a positive regulator in many metabolic syndromes,such as type 2 diabetes(T2D),cardiovascular diseases,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),sarcopenia,neurodegenerative diseases,and certain cancers.Therefore,a promising therapeutic approach for treating various metabolic diseases may involve elevating ADP levels or activating ADP receptors.The modulation of ADP genes,multimerization,and secretion covers the main processes of ADP generation,providing a comprehensive orientation for the development of more appropriate therapeutic strategies.In order to have a deeper understanding of ADP,this paper will provide an all-encompassing review of ADP.

Venous adventitial cystic disease(VACD)is a rare vascular disease which often manifests as unilateral limb swelling,and so misdiagnosed as other diseases such as deep vein thrombosis.Color Doppler ultrasound,CT angiography and magnetic resonance imaging play a crucial role in the diagnosis of VACD.Surgical treatment is the main method for VACD,including cyst incision,cyst wall resection,cyst puncture,aspiration and cyst and vessel resection.The recurrence rate of VACD is relatively high,ranging from 20%to 83%.Enhancing the understanding of VACD,making accurate diagnoses and appropriate surgical operation are of great significance for improving treat-ment outcomes and reducing the recurrence rate.

Objective:To evaluate the utility of the 9-gene panel as a differential diagnostic method for thyroid nodules within determinate cytological diagnosis and as a parallel diagnostic method for thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology.Methods:579 liquid-based cytology samples from 544 patients were collected after thyroid FNA diagnosis in our hospital from December 2014 to April 2021. Mutations at any site of 9 genes, namely, BRAF, NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, GNAS, RET, TERT, TP53, and PIK3CA as recorded by the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Taking postoperative histopathology and cytology results with definite benign or malignant diagnosis as the gold standard, the diagnostic efficacy of the 9-gene panel as a reclassified method for thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytological diagnosis and as a parallel diagnostic method for thyroid FNA cytology were evaluated and compared with that of the BRAF V600E single-gene detection method.Results:Of the 579 thyroid nodules, 196 (33.85%) were Bethesda Ⅱ, 11 (1.90%) were Bethesda Ⅲ, 31 (5.35%) were Bethesda Ⅳ, 27 (4.66%) were Bethesda Ⅴ, and 314 (54.23%) were Bethesda Ⅵ, as diagnosed by thyroid FNA cytology. Among these 579 thyroid nodules, 275 were tested positive for 9-gene mutations, with a mutation rate of 47.5%. Of the 329 thyroid nodules surgically removed, 30 (9.12%) were benign, 5 (1.52%) were borderline, and 294 (89.36%) were malignant. Regarding borderline nodules as malignant nodules, the mutation rates of the 9 genes in the 299 malignant thyroid nodules from high to low were BRAF 62.21% (186/299), NRAS 5.02% (15/299), HRAS 1.00% (3/299), PIK3CA 0.67% (2/299), GNAS 0.67% (2/299), KRAS 0.33% (1/299), TP53 0.33% (1/299), TERT 0.33% (1/299) and RET 0.00% (0/299). The malignant risks of the 9 genes from high to low were BRAF 100% (186/186), PIK3CA 100.00% (2/2), GNAS 100.00% (2/2), TERT 100.00% (1/1), TP53 100.00% (1/1), NRAS 78.95% (15/19), HRAS 75.00% (3/4), and KRAS 50.00% (1/2). For thyroid nodules of Bethesda Ⅲ-Ⅳ (indeterminate diagnosis), the sensitivity (SN) of the 9-gene panel in diagnosing thyroid cancer is 34.48% (10/29), the specificity (SP) is 61.54% (8/13), and the accuracy is 42.86% (18/42); whereas the SN of the BRAF V600E detection method is 0%. Therefore, the diagnostic efficiency of the 9-gene panel is significantly better than that of BRAF V600E single gene detection. For thyroid nodules of Bethesda Ⅱ-Ⅵ, the SN of the 9-gene panel in diagnosing thyroid cancer was 68.83% (254/369), the SP was 90.00% (189/210), the accuracy was 76.51% (443/579), and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.79; whereas the SN of BRAF V600E single-gene detection in diagnosing thyroid cancer was 63.69% (235/369), the SP was 99.52% (209/210), the accuracy was 76.68% (444/579), and the AUC was 0.82. The SP of BRAF V600E detection is higher than that of the 9-gene panel ( P＜0.01), but there is no significant difference in SN, accuracy (both P＞0.05), and AUC ( Z=0.85, P=0.396) between them. Gene mutations indicating poor prognosis were detected in 4 nodules of papillary thyroid carcinoma and 1 nodules of follicular thyroid carcinoma, including 2 nodules with TERT and BRAF V600E co-mutations, 1 nodule with TP53 mutation, and 2 nodules with PIK3CA mutation. Conclusions:As a reclassified method for thyroid lesions with indeterminate cytological diagnosis, the 9-gene panel is better than BRAF V600E single gene detection. As a parallel diagnostic method of thyroid FNA cytology, the 9-gene panel has similar diagnostic efficacy as BRAF V600E single-gene detection. The 9-gene panel can detect individual cases with gene mutations indicating poor prognosis. The identification of patients with these special gene mutations has certain implications for the clinical management of them.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨橙花叔醇通过Wnt-β-catenin通路抑制黑色素瘤A-375和WM-115细胞恶性生物学行为的分子机制。方法: 体外培养黑色素瘤细胞A-375和WM-115，用不同浓度的橙花叔醇处理，采用SRB法和克隆形成实验、FCM术、Transwell实验和细胞划痕实验、DCFH-DA染色法、qPCR和WB法分别检测橙花叔醇对A-375和WM-115细胞的增殖能力、细胞周期和凋亡、迁移能力、活性氧（ROS）水平和Wnt-β-catenin通路及其下游相关基因和相关蛋白表达的影响。利用ULCAN和GEPIA2数据库分析黑色素瘤中Wnt-β-catenin通路的激活与患者预后的关系。结果：与对照组比较，橙花叔醇处理组A-375和WM-115细胞的增殖能力受明显抑制（均P<0.01）、细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期（P<0.05或P<0.01）、细胞凋亡率增加（均P<0.01）、迁移能力降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）、ROS水平升高（均P<0.01）、Wnt-β-catenin通路被抑制而其下游基因和蛋白表达明显上调（均P<0.01）。数据库数据分析显示，WNT1基因高表达患者OS低于低表达患者（P<0.01）。结论：橙花叔醇通过上调A-375和WM-115细胞中ROS水平影响Wnt-β-catenin通路，从而抑制其恶性生物学行为；Wnt-β-catenin通路可能是黑色素瘤治疗的潜在靶点。

Prostate cancer remains the second most common malignancy in men worldwide, is a global health issue, and poses a huge health burden. Precision medicine provides more treatment options for prostate cancer patients, but its popularity, drug resistance, and adverse reactions still need to be focused on. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely accepted as an alternative therapy for cancer, with the advantages of multiple targets, multiple pathways, and low toxicity. We searched the experimental research and clinical practice of CHMs for prostate cancer treatment published in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science in the last five years. We found five CHM formulas and six single CHM extracts as well as 12 CHM-derived compounds, which showed induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest, suppression of angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration of prostate cancer cells, reversal of drug resistance, and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity. The mechanisms of action include the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AR, EGFR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, which are commonly implicated in the development of prostate cancer. We also summarized the advantages of CHMs in patients with hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer and provided ideas for their further experimental design and application.

Objective:To predict the mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction for anti-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and "treating different diseases with the same method" in ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:The active components and targets of Danggui Buxue Decoction were screened by retrieving the database of TCMSP and literature; the corresponding targets of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemic stroke were found by OMIM and GeneCards database; the intersection targets of Danggui Buxue Decoction and disease were obtained by using Venny diagram, and the common target network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 software and STRING database. The GO and KEGG pathways were enriched by David Database, and the Bio GPS database was used to obtain the tissue distribution information of the key targets. The molecular docking technology was used to verify the results.Results:There were 21 active components in Danggui Buxue Decoction, 181 effective targets and 93 cross targets with diseases. The key components were quercetin, Kaempferol, β-sitosterol, formononetin and isorhamnetin. The key targets were AKT1, TNF, IL6, IL-1β and VEGFA. The enrichment results showed that the main action pathways were fluid shear force and arteriosclerosis, lipid and arteriosclerosis, AGE-RAGE signal pathway in diabetic complications, and the core targets were mainly located in the medullary cells, dendritic cell, smooth muscle, prostate, thyroid and other tissues. The results of molecular docking showed that quercetin had the best binding effect to IL-1β, while isorhamnetin had the best binding effect to IL-1β.Conclusion:Danggui Buxue Decoction is against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemic stroke through hemodynamics, lipid metabolism, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, immune reaction and cell apoptosis, plays the role of "treating different diseases with the same method".