Objective:To construct adjustable stiffness hydrogels based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), in order to better simulate the growth environment under physiological conditions.Methods:SYLGARD 184 silicone rubber was used to prepare adjustable stiffness hydrogels. The stiffness values of the adjustable stiffness hydrogels prepared with GelMA of different grafting rates (30%, 60%, 90%) at various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%) were quantified using Young’s modulus. Based on the result, the optimal grafting rate GelMA was selected as the material for constructing the adjustable stiffness hydrogels. The relationship between the concentration (2%, 3%, 5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 15%) of 90% grafting rate (GM90) and the stiffness after photopolymerization was determined by measuring the Young’s modulus of GelMA at different concentrations and fitting the data. Three groups of suitable concentrations were chosen to construct three different stiffness hydrogels. After soaking in phosphate-buffered saline for 48 hours, various samples underwent biomechanical measurements, internal pore structure observation, atomic force microscopy to measure parameters such as Young’s modulus, pore size and surface roughness. Rheological tests were carried out, curves were drawn according to the energy storage modulus and loss modulus, and shear frequencies of the intersection points of the two curves were observed at each concentration to evaluate the ability of hydrogel to maintain its morphology. Data analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 software. Quantitative data were expressed as Mean±SD, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and LSD method was used for pairwise comparison. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results:Increasing the grafting rate and concentration of GelMA hydrogels effectively enhanced their stiffness. GelMA with a GM90 provided a broader range of stiffness, making it suitable for constructing the adjustable stiffness hydrogels. Fitting curves of GM90 concentrations and stiffness after photopolymerization showed that at concentrations of 2%, 6%, and 15%, GelMA could mimic the stiffness of various tissues of human. Therefore, these three concentrations were selected for subsequent experiments. The Young’s modulus of GM90 at concentrations of 15%, 6% and 2% were (98.43±7.71), (14.57±1.62), and (2.11±0.32) kPa, respectively, with statistically significant differences between each pair of groups ( P<0.01). The pore sizes were (41.32±3.51), (3.26±0.33), and (1.21±0.11) μm, respectively, showing significant differences between each pair of groups ( P<0.01). Surface roughness values were (48.15±2.65), (22.65±1.78), and (24.12±1.43) nm, respectively, with 15% concentration showing significantly higher roughness than the 2% and 6% concentrations ( P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between the 2% and 6% concentrations ( P>0.05). Rheological testing indicated that as the concentration decreased, the shear frequency at the crossover point of the storage modulus and loss modulus of GM90 hydrogels decreased, >100, 30 and 18 Hz, respectively. The result showed that the solid form of GM90 hydrogel with 15% concentration was more stable, while the hydrogel with 2% concentration had better fluidity. Conclusion:Adjusting the grafting rate and concentration can regulate the stiffness of GelMA hydrogels. GelMA hydrogels with a 90% grafting rate provide a wide range of stiffness, making them ideal materials for constructing hydrogels with adjustable stiffness. At concentrations of 2%, 6%, and 15%, GM90 exhibited different mechanical properties and internal structures.

Objective:To construct adjustable stiffness hydrogels based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), in order to better simulate the growth environment under physiological conditions.Methods:SYLGARD 184 silicone rubber was used to prepare adjustable stiffness hydrogels. The stiffness values of the adjustable stiffness hydrogels prepared with GelMA of different grafting rates (30%, 60%, 90%) at various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%) were quantified using Young’s modulus. Based on the result, the optimal grafting rate GelMA was selected as the material for constructing the adjustable stiffness hydrogels. The relationship between the concentration (2%, 3%, 5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 15%) of 90% grafting rate (GM90) and the stiffness after photopolymerization was determined by measuring the Young’s modulus of GelMA at different concentrations and fitting the data. Three groups of suitable concentrations were chosen to construct three different stiffness hydrogels. After soaking in phosphate-buffered saline for 48 hours, various samples underwent biomechanical measurements, internal pore structure observation, atomic force microscopy to measure parameters such as Young’s modulus, pore size and surface roughness. Rheological tests were carried out, curves were drawn according to the energy storage modulus and loss modulus, and shear frequencies of the intersection points of the two curves were observed at each concentration to evaluate the ability of hydrogel to maintain its morphology. Data analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 software. Quantitative data were expressed as Mean±SD, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and LSD method was used for pairwise comparison. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results:Increasing the grafting rate and concentration of GelMA hydrogels effectively enhanced their stiffness. GelMA with a GM90 provided a broader range of stiffness, making it suitable for constructing the adjustable stiffness hydrogels. Fitting curves of GM90 concentrations and stiffness after photopolymerization showed that at concentrations of 2%, 6%, and 15%, GelMA could mimic the stiffness of various tissues of human. Therefore, these three concentrations were selected for subsequent experiments. The Young’s modulus of GM90 at concentrations of 15%, 6% and 2% were (98.43±7.71), (14.57±1.62), and (2.11±0.32) kPa, respectively, with statistically significant differences between each pair of groups ( P<0.01). The pore sizes were (41.32±3.51), (3.26±0.33), and (1.21±0.11) μm, respectively, showing significant differences between each pair of groups ( P<0.01). Surface roughness values were (48.15±2.65), (22.65±1.78), and (24.12±1.43) nm, respectively, with 15% concentration showing significantly higher roughness than the 2% and 6% concentrations ( P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between the 2% and 6% concentrations ( P>0.05). Rheological testing indicated that as the concentration decreased, the shear frequency at the crossover point of the storage modulus and loss modulus of GM90 hydrogels decreased, >100, 30 and 18 Hz, respectively. The result showed that the solid form of GM90 hydrogel with 15% concentration was more stable, while the hydrogel with 2% concentration had better fluidity. Conclusion:Adjusting the grafting rate and concentration can regulate the stiffness of GelMA hydrogels. GelMA hydrogels with a 90% grafting rate provide a wide range of stiffness, making them ideal materials for constructing hydrogels with adjustable stiffness. At concentrations of 2%, 6%, and 15%, GM90 exhibited different mechanical properties and internal structures.

Background: The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) has gradually increased in China in recent years. The pathogenesis of UC is related to the dysfunction of immune system. B7-H5 is an important immune checkpoint molecule and is significant for the regulation of immune function. Ainis: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of B7-H5 in UC. Methods: A total of 65 UC tissue specimens were collected from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, and 5 healthy subjects were served as controls. Immunohistoehemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of B7-H5, and its relationship with elinieopathologieal characteristics of UC patients was analyzed. Results: Expression of B7-H5 was significantly increased in UC patients than in controls (P < 0. 001). B7-H5 expression in UC patients was positively correlated with ESR and CRP (P < 0. 01), but not related to gender, age, extent of lesion, Mayo score and UCEIS score (P > 0. 05). Conclusions; The expression of B7-H5 in UC patients is significantly increased and is correlated with ESR and CRP, and can be used as a new marker for reflecting the severity of inflammation in UC patients.

Objective ToinvestigatethevalueofDCEGMRIimagingindifferentiatingmalignanttransformationinvertedpapilloma (IP)frombenignIP.Methods 24casesofIPconfirmedbyoperationandpathologywerecollectedfromJanuary2012toJanuary 2018,including14caseswithbenignIPand10patientswithIP malignanttransformation.Thedynamicenhancementparametersof thetwogroups,theproductoftransferconstant(Ktrans),therefluxrateconstant(Kep),theextravascularextracellularspacevolume fraction (Ve)andthedifferenceoftheareaundertheinitialcurve(iAUC)wereanalyzed.Thesensitivityandspecificityofdifferent parametersintheidentificationofbenignIPandIP malignancytransformationwereevaluated.Results Thereweredifferencesno significantdifferenceinageandsexbetweenbenignIPgroupandIPmalignanttransformationgroup.Therewasasignificantdifference abouttheconvolutedcerebriformpatternbetweenthetwogroups(P＝0.004).Therewasnosignificantdifferenceofstagingbetween thetwogroups(P＝0.136).TheKtransvaluesofbenignIPgroupandIPmalignanttransformationgroupwere0.21±0.53 (min－1), 0.36±0.93 (min－1),andtherewasasignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroups(P＝0.000).TheiAUCvaluesofbenignIPgroupand IP malignanttransformationgroupwere29.05±5.45,41.14±9.47,respectively,andthedifferenceofiAUCbetweentwogroupswas statisticallysignificant(P＝0.001).TherewasnosignificantdifferenceinKepandVebetweenbenignIPfromIPmalignanttransformation (P＞0.05).Conclusion BenignIPhasatypicalconvolutedcerebriG formpatternandtheabsenceofitindicatesmalignanttransformation. Thestagingoflesioncan’tdifferentiatethebenignIPfromIP malignanttransformation.DCEGMRIexaminationisworthyinthe evaluationbenignIPandIP malignanttransformation,especiallyKtransandiAUCvalues.

Objective: To estimate the incidence, mortality and characteristics of cancer in Pearl River Delta Area of Guangdong Province between 2009-2013. Methods: Based on five population-based cancer registration data from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Sihui spanning from 2009 to 2013, along with those corresponding population data, the incidence and mortality rates were estimated by gender and age groups. Chinese standard population derived from the 2000 Population Census and Segi′s standard population were used for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates. Results: Between 2009 and 2013, the crude cancer incidence rate was 262.50/100 000, 274.76/100 000 in male and 249.49/100 000 in female. After adjusting for Chinese and Segi′s standard population, the age-standardized incidence rates were 225.63/100 000 and 219.88/100 000, respectively. The crude mortality rate was 175.51/100 000, 222.92/100 000 in male and 127.46/100 000 in female, respectively. After adjusting for Chinese and Segi′s standard population, the age-standardized mortality rates were 116.02 /100 000 and 114.31/100 000, respectively. The incidence rates were at low levels in the population less than 40 years old, thereafter went up rapidly with age especially in male, and then reached the peak in the population aged 80 and above. As with incidence, the mortality rates kept at low levels in the population before their 50 s and then rose up steadily with age until peaking in the 85+ age group. The most common cancers were female breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer with descending incidence rate. Lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, female breast cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer were the top five cancer-attributable causes of death. Conclusions Currently, Pearl River Delta Area were faced with huge cancer burden. Lung cancer, colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, female breast cancer and male liver cancer are predominant cancers and more efforts should be made to fight against them.

Objective To estimate the incidence, mortality and characteristics of cancer in Pearl River Delta Area of Guangdong Province between 2009?2013. Methods Based on five population?based cancer registration data from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Sihui spanning from 2009 to 2013, along with those corresponding population data, the incidence and mortality rates were estimated by gender and age groups. Chinese standard population derived from the 2000 Population Census and Segi′s standard population were used for age?standardized incidence and mortality rates. Results Between 2009 and 2013, the crude cancer incidence rate was 262.50／100 000, 274.76／100 000 in male and 249.49／100 000 in female. After adjusting for Chinese and Segi′s standard population, the age?standardized incidence rates were 225.63／100 000 and 219.88／100 000, respectively. The crude mortality rate was 175.51／100 000, 222.92／100 000 in male and 127.46／100 000 in female, respectively. After adjusting for Chinese and Segi′s standard population, the age?standardized mortality rates were 116.02 ／100 000 and 114.31／100 000, respectively. The incidence rates were at low levels in the population less than 40 years old, thereafter went up rapidly with age especially in male, and then reached the peak in the population aged 80 and above. As with incidence, the mortality rates kept at low levels in the population before their 50 s and then rose up steadily with age until peaking in the 85+ age group. The most common cancers were female breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer with descending incidence rate. Lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, female breast cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer were the top five cancer?attributable causes of death. Conclusions Currently, Pearl River Delta Area were faced with huge cancer burden. Lung cancer, colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, female breast cancer and male liver cancer are predominant cancers and more efforts should be made to fight against them.

Objective To estimate the incidence, mortality and characteristics of cancer in Pearl River Delta Area of Guangdong Province between 2009?2013. Methods Based on five population?based cancer registration data from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Sihui spanning from 2009 to 2013, along with those corresponding population data, the incidence and mortality rates were estimated by gender and age groups. Chinese standard population derived from the 2000 Population Census and Segi′s standard population were used for age?standardized incidence and mortality rates. Results Between 2009 and 2013, the crude cancer incidence rate was 262.50／100 000, 274.76／100 000 in male and 249.49／100 000 in female. After adjusting for Chinese and Segi′s standard population, the age?standardized incidence rates were 225.63／100 000 and 219.88／100 000, respectively. The crude mortality rate was 175.51／100 000, 222.92／100 000 in male and 127.46／100 000 in female, respectively. After adjusting for Chinese and Segi′s standard population, the age?standardized mortality rates were 116.02 ／100 000 and 114.31／100 000, respectively. The incidence rates were at low levels in the population less than 40 years old, thereafter went up rapidly with age especially in male, and then reached the peak in the population aged 80 and above. As with incidence, the mortality rates kept at low levels in the population before their 50 s and then rose up steadily with age until peaking in the 85+ age group. The most common cancers were female breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer with descending incidence rate. Lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, female breast cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer were the top five cancer?attributable causes of death. Conclusions Currently, Pearl River Delta Area were faced with huge cancer burden. Lung cancer, colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, female breast cancer and male liver cancer are predominant cancers and more efforts should be made to fight against them.

Objective To investigate the change in body weight over time in rectal cancer patients receiving radiotherapy and the correlation between setup errors and weight loss,and to establish the image-guided radiotherapy regimens in different periods of treatment.Methods A total of 24 postoperative patients with rectal cancer admitted to our hospital in 2016 were selected.Before each fraction of radiotherapy,the body weight was recorded,and the patients underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with different frequencies in every week.The planning CT was matched with CBCT to obtain setup errors.The paired t test was used for difference analysis;the Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between setup errors and weight loss.Results Body weight was measured 456 times in the 24 patients,and these patients underwent CBCT scans and image registration 456 times.Two patients were excluded because of treatment discontinuance.In the first and second weeks,there was no significant change in body weight.In the third week,the mean weight loss was 1.53 kg.In the fourth week,the mean weight loss was 2.48 kg.In the fifth week,the mean weight loss was 3.24 kg.The setup errors obtained by CBCT image registration in the superior-inferior (SI),anterior-posterior (AP),and left-right (LR) directions were 0.19 cm,0.20 cm,and 0.18 cm,respectively,in the first week,0.18 cm,0.17 cm,and 0.15 cm,respectively,in the second week,0.20 cm,0.22 cm,and 0.21 cm,respectively,in the third week,0.19 cm,0.25 cm,0.24 cm,respectively,in the fourth week,and 0.34 cm,0.33 cm,and 0.31 cm,respectively,in the fifth week.The Pearson correlation analysis showed that weight loss increased the setup errors,with P values of 0.140,0.046,and 0.044 in the SI,AP,and LR directions,respectively.Conclusions For rectal cancer patients receiving radiotherapy,the body weight decreases significantly in the late period (especially in the fifth week),which influences the setup errors.Therefore,in the fourth and fifth weeks of radiotherapy for rectal cancer,the weight loss should be closely monitored,and the number of CBCT scans can be increased before the treatment fraction to ensure the accuracy and optimization of treatment.

Background and purpose: Gene chip is a nucleic acid sequence analysis method which is based on hybridization. It is a high-through put assay which can widely detect the level of gene expression in different tissues and cell types. This study aimed to compare and bioinformatically analyze differentially expressed genes between higher malignant degree of prostate cancer tissues and prostate inflammation tissues. Methods: The total RNAs were isolated from tissues of prostate cancer and prostate inflammation by TRIzol method and then purified, reversely tran-scribed to cDNA with incorporating biotin labeling probe, hybridized with Affymetrix Human U133 Plus 2.0 (covering 47000 transcripts,representing 38500 distinct genes). Picture signals of fluorescence in gene array were scanned and differential expression of gene in two tissues were compared by Command Console Software 4.0. These differential expressed genes were analyzed by bioinformatics methods finally. Results: According to the fold change ≥2, P<0.05, 1819 differential expression genes including 1025 up-regulated genes and 794 down-regulated genes were discovered. GO enrichment analysis displayed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in cell cycle, cell metabolism, etc. KEGG pathway analysis found that these genes were mainly involved in some metabolism pathways including purine nucleotide metabolism. The interactions between the proteins encoded by these genes were analyzed by STING. Twenty key nodes genes including TPX2, ANLN, NUSAP1, MELK, DLGAP5, KIF11, TOP2A, RRM2 were dis-covered. Then this study revealed CEP55 and ANLN might be related to the occurrence and metastasis of prostate cancer by looking through literature. Conclusion: During the development of prostate cancer, the activation of genes related to cell cycle and cell migration, the abnormalities of genes related to metabolism and the inhibition of genes related to cell adhesion play critical roles in the development of prostate cancer. CEP55 and ANLN were related to the occurrence and prognosis of prostate cancer by systematic analysis which provided a valuable clue for the next experiment.

Objective To investigate the relationship between benign paroxysmal positional dizziness (BPPV) and cerebrovascular disease and to promotethe practice of evidence bases medicinein thediagnosis,treatment and recurrenceprevention of BPPV in the elderly.Methods A total of 80 elderly patients were consecutively recruited from the Dizziness Outpatient Clinic from January 2013 to June,2014,with 80 non-BPPV elderly individuals receiving routine physical checkups during the same period serving as the control group.Clinical characteristics,lab test results and imaging data were compared between the two groups.Single factor and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for BPPV in the elderly.Results The experimental group showed higher rates of lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis and intracranial artery stenosis than the control group(x2 =10.180,4.606 and 3.956,respectively;P=0.001,0.032 and 0.047,respectively).The prevalences of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes were higher in the BPPV group than in the control group(x2 5.013 and 6.041,respectively;P=0.025 and 0.014,respectively).Differences in number of carotid atherosclerotic plaque cases,total cholesterol,triglyceride,homocysteine and uric were found between the two groups (x2 =11.237,t=2.862,2.230 and 4.270,respectively;P=0.001,0.005,0.027 and 0.000,respectively).Multivariate logistic regression analysisfound that blood uric acid,hyperglycemia,type 2 diabetes and hypertension were independent risk factors for BPPV (OR=1.006,7.104,3.152 and 3.273,respectively;P=0.005,0.000,0.004 and 0.002,respectively).The existence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques also increased the risk of BPPV (OR =384.570,95 ％ CI:46.935～ 3151.055,P =0.000).Conclusions BPPV in the elderlyis closely associated with cerebrovascular disease and its risk factors.Therefore,it is of great clinical significance to assess cerebrovascular function and carotid atherosclerotic plaque development for improved prognosis and effective prevention of recurrence of BPPV in the elderly.