Objective:To investigate the application status of emergency radiology in China, and to provide data support for the standardized development, scientific management and big data research of emergency radiology.Methods:From August 12th to October 19th, 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted through WeChat"Questionnaire Star"to send targeted questionnaires to investigate the relevant data of the current status of emergency radiology in China, mainly including digital radiography (DR) and computed tomography (CT). This study was initiated by the Chinese Emergency Radiology Database Collaboration Group, and comprehensively investigated emergency imaging personnel, equipment, workload, critical value reporting process, and artificial intelligence (AI) application status.Results:There were 123 hospitals in the study. The survey showed that emergency DR/CT reports were mainly completed by residents and above (69.1%). There were 21 DR brands, 10 CT brands and 8 MR brands used for emergency imaging examinations. The median number of DR examinations in tertiary hospitals and secondary hospitals investigated from January to June 2022 was 4 642 and 2 015 cases respectively, and the median number of CT examinations was 16 512 and 3 762 cases respectively. The average single-shift workload of DR in the emergency radiology department during the day and night shift in tertiary hospitals was mainly ≤20 copies and 21-50 copies, and the average single-shift workload of CT in the emergency radiology department during the day and night shift was mainly 21-50 copies and 51-100 copies, while the average single-shift workload of DR/CT in the emergency radiology department during the day/night shift in secondary hospitals was mainly ≤20 copies. In terms of critical value reporting process, 74.8% of emergency imaging doctors and 84.6% of emergency imaging technicians took the way of phone/text message to notify the clinical doctor or the patients′ family. The overall deployment rate of AI in emergency imaging was about 60.2%. 75% of the respondents believed that in the future, AI can improve emergency radiology work from aspects such as emergency screening, aided diagnosis and process optimization.Conclusions:The emergency medical imaging mainly based on DR and CT has the current situations such as generally low seniority of doctors, diverse brands of imaging equipments, large volume of examinations and intense workload per doctor, especially in tertiary hospitals, and dependence on traditional means for critical value reporting. At present, AI is emerging in the field of emergency imaging, and there is still a long way to go to play the huge potential of AI in the intelligent whole process of emergency imaging in the future.

【Objective】 To study the effects of miR-30e-5p from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(BMSC-exos) on high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cell pyroptosis and explore an alternative strategy to manage diabetic kidney disease (DKD). 【Methods】 BMSC-exos were isolated and internalized into HK-2 cells treated with HG to measure viability and cytotoxicity. The secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 was measured by ELISA. Pyroptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The levels of miR-30e-5p, IL-1β, and IL-18 were measured. The expression of pyroptosis-associated cytokine proteins was determined. 【Results】 BMSC-exos decreased LDH, IL-1β, and IL-18 secretion and inhibited the expression of the pyroptosis-related factors (IL-1β, caspase-1, GSDMD-N, and NLRP3) in HG-induced HK-2 cells. Moreover, miR-30e-5p depletion in BMSC-exos promoted HK-2 cell pyroptosis. 【Conclusion】 BMSC-derived exosomal miR-30e-5p inhibits caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis in HG-induced HK-2 cells, which might provide a new strategy for treating DKD.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused havoc across the entire world. Even though several COVID-19 vaccines are currently in distribution worldwide, with others in the pipeline, treatment modalities lag behind. Accordingly, researchers have been working hard to understand the nature of the virus, its mutant strains, and the pathogenesis of the disease in order to uncover possible drug targets and effective therapeutic agents. As the research continues, we now know the genome structure, epidemiological and clinical features, and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarized the potential therapeutic targets involved in the life cycle of the virus. On the basis of these targets, small-molecule prophylactic and therapeutic agents have been or are being developed for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective To detect mutations in the ARAD1 gene in a pedigree with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH).Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 8 family members (including 5 patients with DSH and 3 unaffected members) in the pedigree with DSH,as well as 100 unrelated healthy controls.All the 15 exon sequences of the ADAR1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)followed by direct sequencing.Then,mutations were detected in comparison with the standard sequence of the ADAR1 gene in Genebank.Results A nonsense mutation C.1420C ＞ T (p.Arg474X) was identified at position 1 420 in exon 2 of the ADAR1 gene in the 5 patients with DSH,but not in the 3 unaffected members or 100 unrelated healthy controls.Conclusion The nonsense mutation C.1420C ＞ T in the ADAR1 gene is the causative mutation in the pedigree with DSH.

Objective To explore the changes of autophagy in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced activation of renal fibroblasts in vitro.Methods (1) NRK-49F cells were cultured with 10 μg/L TGF-β1 for different times (0,12,24 h) in vitro.Morphological changes of the cells were observed under inverted microscope.The protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in NRK-49F cells were measured by Western blotting.(2) NRK-49F cells were cultured with 0,2,5,10,15,20 μg/L TGF-β1 for 1 hour and with 10 μg/L TGF-β1 for different times (0 min,7 min,15 min,30 min,1 h,2 h,4 h,8 h,12 h) in vitro.The protein expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3),p62,total-mammalian target of rapamycin (t-mTor),phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTor) and Beclin 1 were detected by Western blotting.(3) NRK-49F cells were cultured with 10 μg/L TGF-β1 for different times (0,1,4 h) in vitro after cultured with serum-free medium for 2.5 hours.The protein expressions of LC3 and p62 in NRK-49F cells were measured by Western blotting.Results (1) The morphology of NRK-49F cells changed from stellate to spindle shape after cultured with TGF-β1.The expressions of cell activation markers α-SMA and Col Ⅰ gradually increased as the extend of stimulation time (all P ＜ 0.05).(2) TGF-β1 transiently increased the expressions of autophagy proteins p62 (peak value appeared after 4 h) and p-mTor (peak value appeared after 30 min),while decreased Beclinl expression level (all P ＜ 0.05).(3) TGF-β1 decreased the protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ in NRK-49F cells cultured with serumfree medium,whereas increased the protein expression of p62 at the same time (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The autophagy activity of renal fibroblasts is inhibited by the TGF-β1-induced cellular activation in vitro,which may contribute to the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the willingness of hearing screening of non-hearing disease patients and analysis the hearing test result,in order to make people pay more attention to auditory healthy.Methods Patients clinical data including the willingness of hearing screening,gender,age,residence,hearing disease of someone important,long-term medicine usage,noise exposure were collected.Pure tone audiometry testing wereconducted for those who were willing to hearing screening;and a questionaire were conducted to those not.Results Among the 280 interviewers,only 72 patients were willing to hearing screening;frequent reason for refusing hearing screening were no self reported hearing loss and coming to doctor for non-hearing disease;60 years old or elders and have someone important were hearing diseases patients were more willing to hearing screening (P＜0.05);40.00％ longterm medicine usage patients weresuffering hearing loss(P＜0.05);self reported hearing loss was not the same as the test result (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hearing loss is common in patient who came to doctor for non-hearing diseases.More attention should be paid to those patients who are old,long-term medicine usage,people have no self reported hearing loss should pay attention to hearing loss.

Objective To apply the ultrasound microbubble to mediate basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) for conducting the injuried facial nerve(rat model) repair and to investigate its feasibility and efficiency.Methods After establishing the models of facial nerve injury,40 SD rats were divided into 4 groups,10 cases in each group:group A,bFGF +ultrasound+microbubble(bFGF + MB/US),group B,bFGF and microbuble(bFGF+ MB),group C,bFGF and ultrasound(bFGF + US) and group D,simple operation(PBS).The general status of rats on 1,10,20,28 d after bFGF gene transfection was observed.The nerve conduction velocity (NCV),incubation period and amplitude of facial nerve action potential were measured.After taking the facial nerve tissue in injuried site,mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR.Western blot was used to detect the bFGF protein expression.Results On 20 d after transfection,small swing of a small quantity of beard in the operation site of the group A could be observed;on 28 d after transfection,the general slatws of recavely in rats in the group A was better than that in the group B,C and D.The nerve electrophysiology manifestations after facial nerve repair in the group A were superior to the group B,C and D;the amount of bFGF mRNA and protein pxpression in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group B,C and D.Conclusion Ultrasound microbubble mediated bFGF is conducive to the repair of facial nerve injury.

Objective To investigate expressions of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK)and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p-P38MAPK)in psoriasis vulgaris lesions. Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from lesions of 30 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and normal skin of 30 healthy human controls. An immunohistochemical study and Western-blot analysis were performed to measure protein expressions of p-JNK and p-P38MAPK in these skin specimens. Results As the immunohistochemical study showed, the expressions of p-JNK and p-P38MAPK(expressed as the average optical density [AOD]value for targeted proteins)were significantly higher in psoriasis vulgaris lesions than in normal skin tissues (p-JNK: 0.663 ± 0.016 vs. 0.333 ± 0.009, t = 44.869, P < 0.001; p-P38MAPK: 0.436 ± 0.011 vs. 0.306 ± 0.010, t = 21.913, P < 0.001). Western-blot analysis also showed increased protein expressions of p-JNK and p-P38MAPK in psoriasis vulgaris lesions compared with normal skin tissues (t = 20.477, 165.084, respectively, both P <0.05). Conclusion The activation of JNK and P38MAPK may be involved in the overproliferation of epidermal cells in psoriasis vulgaris lesions.

Objective To conduct a single-center retrospective analysis on the distribution characteristics and prevalence of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients diagnosed with pathology for the past 16 years,to investigate diagnostic and differential diagnostic value of serum antiphospholipase A2 receptor antibodies (PLA2R-Ab),and to evaluate the correlation between PLA2R-Ab and clinical disease activity.Methods (1) 6996 biopsy-proven primary glomerular nephropathy (PGN) patients,including 1567 IMN cases,admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2000 to December 2015 were involved.Demographics and pathological type were gathered from all patients.(2) 433 cases receiving renal biopsy and testing PLA2R-Ab from June 2015 to December 2015 were involved,with their clinical and laboratorial data being collected.During the period patients' follow-up time,therapeutic schedule and laboratory results were recorded.Results (1) IMN accounted for 22.4％ of primary glomerular disease,and patients above 40 years old accounted for more than 60％ of the IMN.(2) The sensitivity and specificity of serological PLA2R-Ab were 58.1％(95％CI 47.0％-68.5％) and 98.6％(95％CI 95.6％-99.6％) respectively.PLA2R-Ab positive rate was affected by immunosuppression therapy.(3) The PLA2R-Ab titers wasn't correlated with 24-hour urinary protein (r=-0.017,P=0.887),serum albumin (r=-0.072,P=0.549) and urinary red blood cell count (r=-0.030,P=0.802).There was no difference between PLA2R-Ab positive positive and PLA2R-Ab negative on proportion of IMN pathological stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ (P ＞ 0.05).Thirteen cases of patients with PLA2R-Ab positive were all prescribed glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressant.After (2.21± 1.09) months,the decrease of PLA2R-Ab titers was in accordance with 24-hour urinary protein quantity descending and serum albumin ascending (P ＜ 0.05).Condusions The incidence of IMN increase year by year,especially in the mid-aged and the elderly.Serum PLA2R-Ab correlates not with IMN pathological stage,but with the development of IMN.Monitoring PLA2R-Ab titers individually may access the efficiency of treatment.

Objective To explore the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in uric acid?induced phenotypic change in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK?2). Methods (1) HK?2 cells were cultured with 0, 75, 150, 225, 300 mg/L uric acid for 24 h in vitro. (2) The cells were divided into normal control group, ER stress inhibitor 4?PBA (5 μmol/L) group, uric acid (150 mg/L) group and 4?PBA+uric acid group for 24 h. Morphological changes of HK?2 cells were observed under inverted microscope. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of HK?2 cells treated with 150 mg/L uric acid for 24, 48 and 72 h. The protein expressions of α?smooth muscle actin (α?SMA), vimentin, snail, glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(p?eIF2α) in HK?2 cells were measured by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, HK?2 cells in uric acid groups (150, 225, 300 mg/L) showed fibroblast?like appearance. The protein expressions of α?SMA, vimentin, snail, GRP78 and p?eIF2α in 150 mg/L and 225 mg/L uric acid groups were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The proliferation of HK?2 cells in 150 mg/L uric acid group was lower than that in control group at 48 and 72 h (all P<0.01). Compared with the uric acid group, the cell morphology in 4?PBA+uric acid group was improved, and the protein expressions ofα?SMA, vimentin, snail, GRP78 and p?eIF2α were decreased (all P<0.05). Conclusions Uric acid may induce the phenotype transformation of renal tubular epithelial cell, and ER stress is involved. 4?PBA may inhibit the uric acid?induced ER stress response and phenotypic transformation, and may be beneficial in attenuating uric acid?induced renal tubular damage.