Objective:To evaluate the knowledge of autism among child health care professionals in primary health care institutions.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional survey. An online questionnaire survey was conducted from February to March 2023 in primary health care institutions in Guangzhou to investigate the knowledge on autism among medical staff engaged in children′s health services and the influencing factors.Results:A total of 341 questionnaires were returned and 312 questionnaires were valid with a recovery rate of 91.5%. The age of 312 respondents was (35.9±7.9) years, of which 303 (97.1%) were female. One hundred and fifty-two (48.7%) child health care professionals in primary health care institutions had received specialist training in assessing the psychological and behavioral development of children, and only 139 (44.6%) reported that they were aware of the"five no"principle for early identification of autism. The questionnaire scores were 88.1% pass (275/312) and 53.2% excellent (166/312). The three questions with low accuracy were: autism can be cured with drugs, autism has a genetic basis and rehabilitation training has no effect, and the accuracy for these questions was 42.6% (133/312), 52.2% (163/312) and 70.2% (219/312), respectively. The passing of autism-related knowledge was positively associated with receiving relevant training ( OR=2.585, 95% CI:1.200-5.569), and the excellence was positively associated with the highest education ( OR=1.939, 95% CI:1.220-3.083) and receiving relevant training ( OR=2.016, 95% CI:1.247-3.260). Conclusions:There is a need for more professional training in autism knowledge among child health care professionals in primary health care institutions.

Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of exercise therapy on body structure,function,and activity and partici-pation in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain(CNSNP)based on the International Classification of Func-tioning,Disability and Health(ICF)framework. Methods A PICO framework was constructed,and randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on the intervention of different types of exercise therapy for patients with CNSNP were retrieved from databases of CBM,Wanfang data,VIP,CNKI,Cochrane Library,Embase,PubMed and Web of Science,from the establishment to March,2024.The quality of the literature was evaluated with Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)scale,and the evidence quality of the outcome indicators was evaluated using GRADE.Data were syn-thesized and analyzed using RevMan 5.3,and the risk of bias was evaluated using Stata 18.0. Results A total of eleven RCTs involving 668 subjects were included.The scores of PEDro scale were five to eight.The types of interventions included muscle strength training,stability training,proprioception training,Yoga and Pi-lates.The control groups received placebo,physical factor therapy and health education.Exercise therapy could increase the craniovertebral angle(SMD=0.84,95%CI 0.42 to 1.26,P<0.001),reduce the Visual Analogue Scale score(SMD=-2.05,95%CI-2.58 to-1.52,P<0.001),increase the pressure pain threshold(MD=112.27,95%CI 75.03 to 149.50,P<0.001),increase the range of motion of cervical forward(SMD=1.24,95%CI 0.34 to 2.15,P=0.007)and lateral(SMD=1.52,95%CI 0.40 to 2.65,P=0.008)flexion,and improve the endurance of the deep cervical flexors(SMD=1.02,95%CI 0.10 to 1.94,P=0.03)and position sense of the cervical spine(SMD=-1.00,95%CI-1.47 to-0.53,P<0.001);however,it was not significant in improving the range of motion of backward flexion(SMD=0.85,95%CI-1.04 to 2.75,P=0.38)and rotation(SMD=1.65,95%CI-0.35 to 3.65,P=0.11).Exercise therapy could also reduce the Neck Disability Index score(MD=-11.88,95%CI-16.09 to-7.68,P<0.001),and it was no significant in the Short-Form-36 score(MD=19.04,95%CI-3.00 to 41.08,P=0.09). Conclusion Exercise therapy can improve head posture,pain,motion of forward flexion and lateral flexion,endurance of the cervical flexors and joint position sense,and the overall function in patients with CNSNP.However,fur-ther researches are needed to verify the effects on cervical backward flexion and rotation,and quality of life.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of the coronary angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance(caIMR)for major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods Between September 2019 and March 2022,541 patients diagnosed with STEMI at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were enrolled.The caIMR was calculated using the FlashAngio system(Suzhou Rainmed Medical Technology Co.,Ltd.).The patients were divided into MACE and non-MACE groups according to the occurrence of MACE during hospitalization or follow-up,with MACE defined as all-cause mortality,heart failure readmission,and unplanned revascularization.COX regression analysis,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate the prognostic value of caIMR for STEMI patients after primary PCI.Results During the 1-year follow-up,61 patients(11.28％)experienced MACE.The patients in the MACE group had higher caIMR values than those in the non-MACE group.Multivariate COX analysis showed that caIMR was an independent risk factor for MACE.ROC curve analysis showed that caIMR predicted MACE with an area under the curve of 0.688,and the optimal cutoff value was 25.3 U.caIMR significantly increased the discriminant and reclassification indexes when added to a model with clinical risk factors.The patients were further divided into a low caIMR group(caIMR＜25 U,n=377)and a high caIMR group(caIMR ≥25 U,n=164).Kaplan-Meier curve showed that patients with caIMR≥25 U had a worse prognosis.Conclusions caIMR is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis after PCI in patients with STEMI,and patients with caIMR≥25 U had a worse prognosis.

Objective:To analyze the etiological features and clinical characteristics of herpes zoster cases under 20 years old in Beijing City from 2017 to 2021.Methods:Herpes zoster cases were collected from a surveillance system in Beijing City from December 2017 to April 2021. The cases included individuals under 20 years old from seven sentinel hospitals located in two districts (Miyun District and Changping District). The basic information, the rash date of rash onset and the location and number of lesions were investigated at the first visit to the hospital, and the lesion swab samples were collected for laboratory testing. A telephone follow-up was conducted 21 days after the onset of the rash to investigate the degree of pain, duration of the rash and duration of pain. The individuals who still experienced neuralgia were further investigated for their pain condition at 90 days after the onset of the rash, to discover cases with postherpetic neuralgia. DNA was extracted from the rash fluid, and the ORF62 gene region was amplified and sequenced to obtain the viral sequence. The wild-type strain or chickenpox vaccine strain was identified by using sequence alignment, and the clinical characteristics of cases with different varicella vaccinations were compared.Results:A total of 78 herpes zoster cases under 20 years old were investigated during 2017-2021 in Beijing City, and 61 cases completed the follow-up survey. The age range of 61 cases was 1.83 to 20.54 years with a median age of 17.50 years. There were 36 males (59.02%) and 25 females (40.98%). Among them, there were 29 cases with the chickenpox vaccine immunization history (18 cases with one dose, 5 cases with two doses and 6 cases with unknown doses), 13 cases with no vaccination history and 19 cases with unknown vaccination history. Among the 78 cases, the herpetic fluid samples of 64 cases were positive for VZV, including 62 cases identified as wild-type strains and two cases as vaccine strains. The two vaccine strain cases were both 2-year-old girls who had received one dose of varicella vaccine and developed herpes zoster 3 months and 13 months after vaccination. Among the 29 cases with chickenpox vaccine immunization history, the majority had 10 to 49 lesions, accounting for 58.62% (17 cases). The trunk was the most common site of lesions, accounting for 44.83% (13 cases). About 51.72% (15 cases) reported "no or mild" pain intensity. The median ( Q1, Q3) scores for the worst pain, duration of pain and the time to crusting of lesions in the herpes zoster cases were 3 (1.5, 5) points, 10 (1.5, 12.5) days and 10 (6.5, 13) days, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the constituent ratio of the location of lesions, number of lesions and pain degree among the cases with vaccination history, without vaccination history and with unknown vaccination history ( P>0.05). There was also no statistically significant difference in the distribution of pain score, duration of lesions and duration of pain across the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Wild strains are the predominant pathogens in herpes zoster cases under 20 years old in Beijing City during 2017-2021. The varicella vaccination has no significant impact on the clinical manifestations of herpes zoster cases.

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is designed to provide protection against tuberculosis (TB). However, numerous epidemiological, clinical, and immunological studies have shown that BCG vaccination affects neonatal and infant mortality, which may be related to the reduction of TB-unrelated infections and diseases by BCG vaccine. We aimed to discuss the off-target effects of BCG vaccine on un-TB infections and diseases, as well as the potential mechanism and influencing factors. Literature was retrieved mainly from PubMed using medical subject headings "BCG, variations, and non-specific, heterologous or off-target". Studies have showed that BCG vaccination can prevent various heterologous infections, including respiratory tract infections, leprosy, and malaria, treat viral infections including human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus infection as immunotherapy, and improve the immune responses as vaccine adjuvant. Besides, BCG vaccine can reduce the recurrence rate of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and may provide protection against autoimmune diseases. These off-target effects of BCG vaccine are thought to be achieved by modulating heterologous lymphocyte responses or inducing trained immunity, which were found to be sex-differentiated and affected by the BCG vaccine strains, sequence or time of vaccination.

Objective To translate the knowledge,attitude and practice assessment scale for pregnant women on UI(KAP-IU)into Chinese and evaluate its reliability and validity,so as to provide healthcare professionals with a tool in Chinese to assess the knowledge,attitude and practice of pregnant women with UI.Methods The KAP-UI scale was translated into a Chinese version following the international standard for cross-cultural adaptation process.A total of 456 pregnant women attending the outpatient clinics were selected for trial of the Chinese version of KAP-UI with the method of convenience sampling.Reliability and validity were further assessed based on Rash model and classic measurement indicators.Results A total of 430 pregnant women validly responded to the survey with the Chinese version of KAPS-UI.The Chinese version of the KAP-UI comprised a total of 23 items.It conformed with the unidimensional assumption of the Rasch model,which explained 66.1%of the variance.Both individual and entry separation reliabilities were>0.8,with the separation index was approximately equal to 3.The information-weighted mean square fit statistic(Infit MnSq)and the unweighted mean square fit statistic(Outfit MnSq)values of the items were from 0.473 to 1.611.The Point-Measure correlation coefficients(Pt-Measure Corr)were from 0.293 to 0.731,with an average individual ability higher than the average item difficulty by 0.343 Logits.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.783,with the test-retest reliabilities of the three dimensions(knowledge,attitude and behaviour)at 0.751,0.815,and 0.760,respectively.The Item-level content validity index(I-CVI)were found from 0.810 to 1.000 and the scale-level content validity index(S-CVI)was 0.824.Conclusions The Chinese version of the KAP-IU scale demonstrates a good reliability and validity among pregnant women in China,with mode rate difficulty.Therefore,it is a reliable tool for assessment of the knowledge,attitudes and practices of pregnant women with UI.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of hybrid surgery for the recanalization of carotid artery occlusion after stenting.Methods Clinical data and results of 17 patients with occlusion after carotid artery stenting and treated with hybrid surgery from June 2016 to April 2023 at the Department of Neurosurgery Cerebral Blood Flow Reconstruction Center of Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether the recanalization was successful,17 patients were divided into the the successful recanalization group and the failed recanalization group.Successful recanalization was defined as achieving modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction(mTICI)grade ≥2b and residual stenosis＜50％.Baseline data(age,sex,body mass index,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,hypertension history,diabetes history,hyperlipidemia history,coronary heart disease history),clinical data(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale[NIHSS]score at admission,fasting blood glucose,low density lipoprotein,high density lipoprotein,total cholesterol,triglyceride,occlusion side and segment,combination with severe stenosis or occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery,opening of the anterior communicating artery,opening of the posterior communicating artery,compensation of the external and internal carotid artery,compensation of the pia artery,stump morphology,and time from imaging diagnosis of occlusion to recanalization)were documented and compared between groups.The recanalization of occlusive vessels and perioperative complications were recorded.Imaging and clinical follow-up were performed 3,6 months and≥1 year after surgery.Results Among the 17 patients,the ratio of successful recanalization was 13/17.One patient had re-occlusion after operation,which was re-opened after thrombolysis,but neck hematoma with dyspnea occurred,and recovered after emergency operation.There was no postoperative stroke or death.The incidence of perioperative complications was 1/17.Compared with the successful recanalization group,the levels of high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol in the failed recanalization group were higher,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(high density lipoprotein[1.3±0.3]mmol/L vs.[0.9±0.3]mmol/L,t=-2.139;total cholesterol:[4.2±0.8]mmol/L vs.[3.1±0.7]mmol/L,t=-2.649;both P＜0.05);There were no significant differences in other baseline data and clinical data(all P＞0.05).Imaging follow-up was completed in 9 of the 13 patients in the successful recanalization group,and the follow-up time was 3.8-36.9 months,with a median follow-up time of 22.8(12.8,34.7)months.Among them,1 patient(1/9)developed restenosis of recanalization vessels at 33.0 months after surgery and underwent stent implantation again.Conclusions The preliminary analysis showed that the occlusion after carotid artery stenting had better recanalization success and lower perioperative complications.In patients with chronic occlusion after carotid stenting,the application of a hybrid surgery for opening may be attempted under multimodal imaging assessment.

Objective:To analyze the etiological features and clinical characteristics of herpes zoster cases under 20 years old in Beijing City from 2017 to 2021.Methods:Herpes zoster cases were collected from a surveillance system in Beijing City from December 2017 to April 2021. The cases included individuals under 20 years old from seven sentinel hospitals located in two districts (Miyun District and Changping District). The basic information, the rash date of rash onset and the location and number of lesions were investigated at the first visit to the hospital, and the lesion swab samples were collected for laboratory testing. A telephone follow-up was conducted 21 days after the onset of the rash to investigate the degree of pain, duration of the rash and duration of pain. The individuals who still experienced neuralgia were further investigated for their pain condition at 90 days after the onset of the rash, to discover cases with postherpetic neuralgia. DNA was extracted from the rash fluid, and the ORF62 gene region was amplified and sequenced to obtain the viral sequence. The wild-type strain or chickenpox vaccine strain was identified by using sequence alignment, and the clinical characteristics of cases with different varicella vaccinations were compared.Results:A total of 78 herpes zoster cases under 20 years old were investigated during 2017-2021 in Beijing City, and 61 cases completed the follow-up survey. The age range of 61 cases was 1.83 to 20.54 years with a median age of 17.50 years. There were 36 males (59.02%) and 25 females (40.98%). Among them, there were 29 cases with the chickenpox vaccine immunization history (18 cases with one dose, 5 cases with two doses and 6 cases with unknown doses), 13 cases with no vaccination history and 19 cases with unknown vaccination history. Among the 78 cases, the herpetic fluid samples of 64 cases were positive for VZV, including 62 cases identified as wild-type strains and two cases as vaccine strains. The two vaccine strain cases were both 2-year-old girls who had received one dose of varicella vaccine and developed herpes zoster 3 months and 13 months after vaccination. Among the 29 cases with chickenpox vaccine immunization history, the majority had 10 to 49 lesions, accounting for 58.62% (17 cases). The trunk was the most common site of lesions, accounting for 44.83% (13 cases). About 51.72% (15 cases) reported "no or mild" pain intensity. The median ( Q1, Q3) scores for the worst pain, duration of pain and the time to crusting of lesions in the herpes zoster cases were 3 (1.5, 5) points, 10 (1.5, 12.5) days and 10 (6.5, 13) days, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the constituent ratio of the location of lesions, number of lesions and pain degree among the cases with vaccination history, without vaccination history and with unknown vaccination history ( P>0.05). There was also no statistically significant difference in the distribution of pain score, duration of lesions and duration of pain across the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Wild strains are the predominant pathogens in herpes zoster cases under 20 years old in Beijing City during 2017-2021. The varicella vaccination has no significant impact on the clinical manifestations of herpes zoster cases.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the bacteria in dental caries and establish an optimized dental-ca-ries diagnosis model based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) data of oral flora. METHODS: We searched the public databa-ses of microbiomes including NCBI, MG-RAST, EMBL-EBI, and QIITA and collected data involved in the relevant research on human oral microbiomes worldwide. The samples in the caries dataset (1 703) were compared with healthy ones (20 540) by using the microbial search engine (MSE) to obtain the microbiome novelty score (MNS) and construct a caries diagnosis model based on this index. Nonparametric multivariate ANOVA was used to analyze and compare the impact of different host factors on the oral flora MNS, and the model was optimized by controlling related factors. Finally, the effect of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: 1) The oral microbiota distribution obviously differed among people with various oral-health statuses, and the species richness and species diversity index decreased. 2) ROC curve was used to evaluate the caries data set, and the area under ROC curve was AUC=0.67. 3) Among the five hosts' factors including caries status, country, age, decayed missing filled tooth (DMFT) indices, and sampling site displayed the strongest effect on MNS of samples (P=0.001). 4) The AUC of the model was 0.87, 0.74, 0.74, and 0.75 in high caries, medium caries, low caries samples in Chinese children, and mixed dental plaque samples after controlling host factors, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The model based on the analysis of 16S rRNA data of oral flora had good diagnostic efficiency.
Humans ; Child ; Bacteria/genetics* ; Dental Caries/microbiology* ; Dental Caries Susceptibility ; Microbiota/genetics* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Objective To compare the differences in kinematic parameters and plantar pressures for two types of knee varus with tibial and femoral origins in gait analysis, so as to provide biomechanical theoretical basis for different types of genu varus. Methods Twenty-six patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis (KOA) varus genu were enrolled, with 13 from femoral and 13 from tibial sources. Using Noraxon MyoMotion three-dimensional (3D) motion capture system and Footscan plantar pressure test system, the gait of the subjects during natural walking was measured, the temporal and spatial parameters of the gait, the kinematics parameters of lower limb joints and plantar pressures were collected, to make comparative analysis between the two groups. Results The range of knee flexion and extension of tibial varus, the peak of hip abduction, the range of motion (ROM) of hip adduction and abduction and the peak of ankle pronation were larger than those of femoral lateral genu varus. The peak of knee flexion and hip adduction was smaller than that of femoral lateral genu varus. Compared with femoral varus, subjects with tibial varus had increased stress time and peak pressure on the plantar of the 4th and 5th metatarsals (P<0.05). In the 3rd metatarsal region, the impulse of healthy femoral limb was greater than that of healthy limb with tibial deformity. While in the medial calcaneal region, the impulse of healthy femoral limb was smaller (P<0.05). Conclusions There are some differences in kinematic parameters and plantar pressures between two different types of unilateral genu varus patients. The results of this study are helpful to understand the abnormal gait caused by genu varus, and provide reliable reference for postoperative rehabilitation and limb exercise for different types of genu varus.