Objective To understand the disease spectrum of a natural village in an area with high incidence of esophageal cancer to provide a reference for precise prevention and control. Methods From 2008 to 2024, 711 asymptomatic people over the age of 35 years in a natural village with high incidence of esophageal cancer in China were surveyed, and 171 of them were subjected to gastroscopy, biopsy, and pathological examination. All participants were followed up for a long time, and their disease history was recorded. Results A total of 16 years of follow-up were performed, and 703 people were effectively followed up. In 2008, 171 people underwent gastroscopy, and 160 people had biopsy and pathological results in endoscopic screening. By 2024, 76 people had been diagnosed with malignant tumors of 12 different types, and among these people, 45 had esophageal cancer. Conclusion Esophageal cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality from malignant tumors in this region. Biopsy and pathological examination should be strengthened during gastroscopy, and follow-ups and regular check-ups should be given high importance to reduce the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of progressive transfer of penile flap combined with local scrotal flap in correction of severe concealed penis in children.Methods:The clinical data of children with severe concealed penis admitted to the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from July 2021 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The concealed penis was corrected by progressive transfer of penile flap combined with local scrotal flap. During the operation, a small amount of excess inner prepuce was removed and the outer prepuce was cut in the middle of the dorsal side of the penis. Then the penile flap was transferred from dorsal to ventral, gradually covering the wound without tension. The local scrotal flap was lifted upwards and sutured to the frenulum for covering the ventral foreskin defect of the penis. The amount of blood loss during the operation was recorded. The pain tolerance, the duration of prepuce edema, the length of penis extension and the healing of skin flap were observed. The appearance of the penis was followed up to observe whether the penis was retracted, and the satisfaction of the children and their guardians was recorded.Results:A total of 32 male children were enrolled, ranging in age from 3 to 10 years, with an average age of 7.2 years. The penis of all the children had a conical appearance, and the penile shaft was buried under the subcutaneous anterior pubis, which was difficult to palpate in its natural state. The average intraoperative blood loss was about 5 ml. All patients had pain after the operation. Two patients needed a pump to relieve pain, and the rest could tolerate it after rectum administration of indomethacin suppositories. The edema of the prepuce was mild after the operation, and the edema basically disappeared when the patient was discharged 7-9 days later. The penis could be lengthened by 1.5-3.0 cm under static conditions, averaging about 2.0 cm. After surgery, only 1 patient had a small area (about 5 mm × 4 mm) of infection in the scrotal flap and poor incision healing, and scar healing after dressing change and intensive nursing. The other flaps healed well. After 6 to 12 months of follow-up, the penis length of 2 cases was slightly retracted from the time of discharge, and the remaining 30 cases had no significant change. The patients and their guardians were satisfied with the operation results.Conclusion:The progressive transfer of penile flap combined with local scrotal flap correction of severe concealed penis in children can fully lengthen the penile body, and the degree of postoperative retraction is low, the appearance of the penis is good, and the patient satisfaction is high.

[Objective] To summarize various treatment methods and experiences of bladder and urethral foreign bodies in children. [Methods] A total of 15 children with bladder and urethral foreign bodies admitted to our hospital during Aug.2015 and Feb.2024 were selected.The characteristics, clinical manifestations, surgical methods, surgical skills and postoperative recovery were analyzed. [Results] The patients aged 7-13 (11.0±1.6) years, including 14 males and 1 female.Preoperative diagnosis was confirmed with color Doppler ultrasound and abdominal standing plain film.Emergency surgery was performed in 14 cases, and open surgery in 1 case with concurrent pyuria, whose foreign bodies were removed after 2 days of anti-infection treatment.Among the 15 children, 9 had foreign bodies removed through cystoscopy, 2 through cystoscopy combined with percutaneous renal puncture kit, 2 through cystoscopy combined with a small incision on the pubic bone, 1 through cystoscopy combined with a scrotal incision, and 1 through cystoscopy combined with a perineal incision.The average surgical time was (63.3±50.5) min, blood loss (1.9±1.9) mL, and postoperative hospitalization (5.8±3.8) days.No complications such as urinary extravasation, urinary fistula, bladder diverticulum, or urinary disorders occurred.Postoperative follow-up of 1 and 3 months showed no complications such as abnormal urination or urinary tract infections. [Conclusion] The onset of bladder and urethra foreign bodies in children is concealed.Once the diagnosis is confirmed, surgery should be performed as soon as possible.The surgical method should be selected based on the comprehensive evaluation of the location, size, shape, and number of foreign bodies and presence of calculi.Minimally invasive surgery can be performed in most cases.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of progressive transfer of penile flap combined with local scrotal flap in correction of severe concealed penis in children.Methods:The clinical data of children with severe concealed penis admitted to the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from July 2021 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The concealed penis was corrected by progressive transfer of penile flap combined with local scrotal flap. During the operation, a small amount of excess inner prepuce was removed and the outer prepuce was cut in the middle of the dorsal side of the penis. Then the penile flap was transferred from dorsal to ventral, gradually covering the wound without tension. The local scrotal flap was lifted upwards and sutured to the frenulum for covering the ventral foreskin defect of the penis. The amount of blood loss during the operation was recorded. The pain tolerance, the duration of prepuce edema, the length of penis extension and the healing of skin flap were observed. The appearance of the penis was followed up to observe whether the penis was retracted, and the satisfaction of the children and their guardians was recorded.Results:A total of 32 male children were enrolled, ranging in age from 3 to 10 years, with an average age of 7.2 years. The penis of all the children had a conical appearance, and the penile shaft was buried under the subcutaneous anterior pubis, which was difficult to palpate in its natural state. The average intraoperative blood loss was about 5 ml. All patients had pain after the operation. Two patients needed a pump to relieve pain, and the rest could tolerate it after rectum administration of indomethacin suppositories. The edema of the prepuce was mild after the operation, and the edema basically disappeared when the patient was discharged 7-9 days later. The penis could be lengthened by 1.5-3.0 cm under static conditions, averaging about 2.0 cm. After surgery, only 1 patient had a small area (about 5 mm × 4 mm) of infection in the scrotal flap and poor incision healing, and scar healing after dressing change and intensive nursing. The other flaps healed well. After 6 to 12 months of follow-up, the penis length of 2 cases was slightly retracted from the time of discharge, and the remaining 30 cases had no significant change. The patients and their guardians were satisfied with the operation results.Conclusion:The progressive transfer of penile flap combined with local scrotal flap correction of severe concealed penis in children can fully lengthen the penile body, and the degree of postoperative retraction is low, the appearance of the penis is good, and the patient satisfaction is high.

Objective:To summarize the clinical effect of laparoscopic medial umbilical ligament dissection in two-stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy (FSO).Methods:A case-series study was conducted.Clinical data of children who underwent two-stage FSO from March 2020 to July 2022 in the Department of Urology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed.Indexes such as operation time, amount of blood loss, degree of postoperative pain in the operative area, testicular position, size, texture and parental satisfaction at the operative side 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after surgery were collected.Measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as Mean± SD and compared using the independent sample and paired sample t-tests. Results:A total of 18 children with complete clinical data were included in this study.Their age ranged from 7 months to 10 years, with an average of 2 years.There were 10 cases of FSO on the left side and 8 cases on the right side.Twelve cases (group A) had the testis directly descending to the scrotum without amputation of the umbilical medial ligament during the operation, including 7 cases on the left side and 5 cases on the right side; 6 cases (group B) with testis not descending to the scrotum received amputation of the umbilical medial ligament, and the testicle was pulled into the scrotum without tension, including 3 cases on the left side and 3 cases on the right side.The age of patients in group A [(0.88±0.26) years] was lower than that in group B [(4.32±2.96) years] ( t=-4.11, P<0.05).The operation time of patients in group B was (47.50±1.87) min, slightly longer than that in group A [(46.17±1.47) min] ( t=-1.66, P>0.05).The intraoperative bleeding volume in group B was (5.18±0.42) mL, slightly higher than that in group A [(4.96±0.20) mL] ( t=-1.56, P>0.05).Patients in both groups had mild pain in the operative area, which could be tolerated by the children.There were no significant differences in testicular position, size, texture and satisfaction between the two groups 1 month after surgery.Reexamination at 6 months after operation showed that 1 case in group A had mild testicular retraction, located above the scrotum; no significant testicular retraction was observed in group B; the size and texture of testis in both groups had no significant change compared with those before operation, and the blood supply was normal according to the color ultrasound findings; parental satisfaction was high.Reexamination at 1 year after operation showed that 1 case of testis in group A was located above the scrotum, 2 cases had no obvious development, and the rest cases had increased testis size [(0.51±0.03) mL] compared with before operation [(0.31±0.02) mL] ( t=-22.97, P<0.05); all cases of testis in group B returned to normal position, 1 case had no obvious development, and the rest cases had increased testis size [(0.45±0.02) mL] compared with before operation [(0.24±0.01) mL] ( t=-32.87, P<0.05).There was no significant difference in testicular size increase between group A [(0.20±0.03) mL] and group B [(0.20±0.01) mL] ( t=-1.19, P>0.05). Conclusions:In the case that the medial umbilical ligament obviously affects the testicular descent, it can be dissected, which significantly shortens the distance of testis descending to the scrotum.The testicular position after surgery is normal, and the two-stage FSO does not affect the testicular development.

Objective To investigate the effects of the rhein on the mitochondria fission and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231.Methods Human breast cancer cells were intervened with rhein,and the cells were divided into control group(0 μmol·L-1),low dose rhein group(100 μmol·L-1),and high dose rhein group(200 μmol·L-1).The proliferation activity of the cells was detected by CCK-8,and migrations was detected by Scratch-healing migration assay.The morphology and distribution of mitochondria were detected by transmission electron microscope,and the expression levels of Dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1),mitofusin2(Mfn2),E-cadherin,Vimentin proteins were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with control group,Rhein significantly reduced the protein expression of Drp1、Vimentin(P<0.05),and increased E-cadherin and Mfn2,thus down-regulating mitochondria fission,inhibiting cell proliferation and migration.High dose Rhein was better than low dose.Conclusion Rhein can inhibit the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by reducing the expression of Drp1,Vimentin and up-regulating Mfn2,E-cadherin proteins.

Background: Chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes chicken infectious anemia, which results in immunosuppression; the virus has spread widely in chicken flocks in China. Objectives: The aim of this study was to understand recent CAV genetic evolution in chicken flocks in Guangxi Province, southern China. Methods: In total, 350 liver samples were collected from eight commercial broiler chicken farms in Guangxi Province in southern China from 2018 to 2020. CAV was detected by conventional PCR, and twenty CAV complete genomes were amplified and used for the phylogenetic analysis and recombination analysis. Results: The overall CAV-positive rate was 17.1%. The genetic analysis revealed that 84 CAVs were distributed in groups A, B, C (subgroups C1-C3) and D. In total, 30 of 47 Chinese CAV sequences from 2005-2020 belong to subgroup C3, including 15 CAVs from this study. There were some specific mutation sites among the intergenotypes in the VP1 protein. The amino acids at position 394Q in the VP1 protein of 20 CAV strains were consistent with the characteristics of a highly pathogenic strain. GX1904B was a putative recombinant. Conclusions Subgroup C3 was the dominant genotype in Guangxi Province from 2018–2020.The 20 CAV strains in this study might be virulent according to the amino acid residue analysis. These data help improve our understanding of the epidemiological trends of CAV in southern China.

RNF20, an E3 ligase critical for monoubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 120 (H2Bub), has been implicated in the regulation of various cellar processes; however, its physiological roles in adipocytes remain poorly characterized. Here, we report that the adipocyte-specific knockout of Rnf20 (ASKO) in mice led to progressive fat loss, organomegaly and hyperinsulinemia. Despite signs of hyperinsulinemia, normal insulin sensitivity and improved glucose tolerance were observed in the young and aged CD-fed ASKO mice. In addition, high-fat diet-fed ASKO mice developed severe liver steatosis. Moreover, we observed that the ASKO mice were extremely sensitive to a cold environment due to decreased expression levels of brown adipose tissue (BAT) selective genes, including uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), and impaired mitochondrial functions. Significantly decreased levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) were observed in the gonadal white adipose tissues (gWAT) from the ASKO mice, suggesting that Rnf20 regulates adipogenesis, at least in part, through Pparγ. Rosiglitazone-treated ASKO mice exhibited increased fat mass compared to that of the non-treated ASKO mice. Collectively, our results illustrate the critical role of RNF20 in control of white and brown adipose tissue development and physiological function.

Objective:To observe whether endoplasmic reticulum stress and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation were involved in severe heat stroke induced intestinal mucosal injury and to investigate the potential protective effect of the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA).Methods:Thirty male BALB/c mice were randomly (random number) assigned to 3 groups: the control group, heat stroke group (HS), and 4-PBA pretreatment group (4-PBA+HS, 4-PBA 120 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection). Mice in the control group were placed at room temperature, while mice in the HS group and 4-PBA+HS group were placed in a prewarmed chamber [temperature (35.5±0.5) °C, humidity (60.0±5.0)%]. A rectal temperature (Tc) that reached 42 °C was considered to indicate severe heat stroke. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in intestinal homogenate were analyzed by a colorimetric method, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were assessed by ELISA, intestinal histopathology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, intestinal ultrastructure was observed by electron microscopy, and the protein expression of GRP78, CHOP, NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 were analyzed by Western blot. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test and LSD- t multiple comparison test if homogeneous variance, or analyzed by Welch test and Dunnett's T3 multiple comparison test if heterogeneous variance. Results:The concentration of MDA in the HS group was increased ( t=14.243, P<0.01), while SOD was decreased compared with that in the control group ( t=7.781, P<0.01), and the concentrations of serum IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly elevated ( t=12.664, P<0.01; t=16.240, P<0.01). Under light microscopy, extensive destruction of small intestinal villi and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the intestines of mice with severe heat stroke. Transmission electron microscopy showed that endoplasmic reticulum structures were significantly expanded, and mitochondria were vacuolated in the intestines of mice with severe heat stroke. Compared with those in the control group, the protein expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 in the small intestine were elevated in the HS group ( t=14.824, P <0.01; t=12.667, P<0.01; t=9.298, P<0.01; and t=6.588, P=0.001). Compared with those in the HS group, mice in the 4-PBA pretreatment group exhibited reduced concentrations of MDA ( t=9.167, P<0.01), increased SOD ( t=6.077, P<0.01) , and reduced serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels ( t=4.889, P= 0.001; t=5.693, P<0.01). In addition, 4-PBA pretreatment significantly alleviated the pathological disruption and ultrastructural damage to small intestine tissues. Moreover, 4-PBA pretreatment reduced GRP78, CHOP , NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 protein expression ( t=9.080, P<0.01; t=7.152, P<0.01; t=4.249, P=0.005; t=3.650, P=0.011). Conclusions:Endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome are involved in intestinal mucosal injury induced by severe heat stroke. 4-PBA plays a protective role by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in preventing neutropenia in patients undergoing sequential adjuvant radiotherapy after postoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer.Methods:A total of 43 female patients with breast cancer from January 2017 to January 2019 in Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute were analyzed prospectively. Twenty-one patients in the experimental group were given 6 mg of PEG-rhG-CSF subcutaneously 1-3 days before radiotherapy. In the control group, 22 patients were enrolled without PEG-rhG-CSF utilization. The lowest absolute neutrophil count (ANC), the number of days of radiotherapy interruption due to neutropenia, the number of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) used during radiotherapy and the occurrence of drug-induced skeletal muscle pain in the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results:No neutropenia fever was observed in the two groups during radiotherapy. In the experimental group, there was no case of grade Ⅲ neutropenia; while in the control group, there were 3 cases of grade Ⅲ neutropenia. The median value of the lowest ANC in the experimental group was 1.56×10 9/L, higher than that in the control group (1.37×10 9/L), with a statistically significant difference ( Z=-2.261, P=0.023). The median number of rhG-CSF used in the experimental group was 1, which was smaller than 2 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.498, P=0.012). The median numbers of days of radiotherapy interruption due to neutropenia were 0 and 3 in the experimental group and the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( Z=-3.117, P=0.001). One case (4.8%) of drug-induced skeletal muscle pain was found in the experimental group and 5 cases (22.7%) in the control group, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.586, P=0.208). Conclusion:PEG-rhG-CSF can effectively prevent neutropenia caused by radiotherapy after postoperative chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer, and can reduce the interruption of radiotherapy and the use of rhG-CSF during radiotherapy, which is helpful to the smooth process of radiotherapy.