OBJECTIVE To study the effects of bergapten in the treatment of liver fibrosis and its mechanism based on serum metabolomics. METHODS Forty mice were divided into normal control group （0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium solution）， model group （0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium solution）， and BP low-dose and high-dose groups （50， 100 mg/kg）， with 10 mice in each group. Except for the normal control group， the other three groups were all treated with carbon tetrachloride to induce liver fibrosis model； they were given relevant medicine/solution intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 8 weeks. After the last medication， the levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in serum were detected， and liver pathological changes were observed； the expressions of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and Collagen Ⅰ were detected in liver tissue； the serum of the mice was collected for metabolomics analysis. RESULTS Compared with the model group， serum levels of ALT and AST and protein expressions of α-SMA and Collagen Ⅰ in liver tissue were decreased significantly in BP high-dose and low-dose groups （P＜0.05）， while liver fibrosis was improved significantly. Meanwhile， metabolomics analyses showed that there were a total of 175 serum differential metabolites in the BP high-dose group and model group， of which 18 substances were upregulated and 157 substances were downregulated； the main metabolic pathways involved in bergapten intervention were pyrimidine metabolism， butanoate metabolism， fatty acid synthesis， tyrosine metabolism， β-alanine metabolism， nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism， glutathione metabolism， etc. CONCLUSIONS BP is effective in the treatment of liver fibrosis by regulating pyrimidine metabolism， butanoate metabolism， glutathione metabolism and so on in rats with liver fibrosis.

Objective:To investigate the impact of exogenous lactate on the replication of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) in Raw264.7 cells, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and THP-1 cells and explore its association with cell activation.Methods:BMDMs from BALB/c mouse bone marrow were prepared and evaluated by flow cytometry to detect the proportion of F4/80 + CD11b + cells. Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and monocarboxylate transporters 4 (MCT4) expression at mRNA level in BMDMs at different time points after DENV-2 infection were measured by qRT-PCR. The content of lactate in the culture supernatants was quantified via colorimetric assay. CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the impacts of different concentrations of lactate on the viability of Raw264.7 cells, BMDMs, and THP-1 cells. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of DENV-2 E gene, TGF-β, CD86, retinoic acid-inducible gene Ⅰ (RIG-Ⅰ), IFN-β, interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), and ISG56 at mRNA level in cells infected with DENV-2 at different MOIs in the presence of different concentrations of lactate. Meanwhile, flow cytometry was used to analyze the expression of CD86 and CD206. Results:The percentage of BMDMs was (87.53±1.66)%. GLUT1 expression at mRNA level exhibited a decrease in BMDMs at 24 h after DENV-2 (MOI=3) infection following a transient increase at 12 h ( P<0.05), while HK2 expression at mRNA level was higher that than in blank control and inactivated DENV-2 infection groups at 12, 24, and 36 h ( P<0.01). Besides, there was an increase in both MCT4 mRNA level and the content of lactate in culture supernatants at 24 h after DENV-2 (MOI=1.5) infection ( P<0.05). The viability of the three types of cells remained above 80% when the concentration of lactate was 31.25 mmol/L. Lactate at the concentration of 35 mmol/L increased the expression of the DENV E gene at mRNA level in DENV-2-infected BMDMs at MOI=1 or MOI=2 ( P<0.05). Besides, it promoted the expression of DENV E gene at mRNA level in Raw264.7 and THP-1 cells ( P<0.001) as well as the expression of CD163, TGF-β, RIG-Ⅰ, IFN-β, ISG15 and ISG56 at mRNA level in BMDMs at MOI=1.5, but inhibited the expression of CD86 at mRNA level in BMDMs ( P<0.05). It also up-regulated CD206 protein expression ( P<0.01) and down-regulated CD86 protein expression ( P>0.05) in BMDMs. Conclusions:Exogenous lactate enhances DENV-2 replication in both human- and murine-derived macrophages and that might correlate with M2 macrophage polarization.

Objective:To investigate psychological resilience of inpatients with extracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and analyze the related factors, in order to provide scientific basis for improving the psychological resilience of patients.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to include patients with extracranial AVM who were hospitalized in the Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from October 2020 to December 2021. The general information questionnaire, Cornor-Davidon resilience scale, Herth hope index, medical coping modes questionnaire and family APGAR scale were used to investigate them. SPSS 21.0 software was used. The t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:In total, 177 patients with extracranial AVM were included in our study. The total mean score of the resilience scale was 65.94±13.90, and the mean scores of the three dimensions of resilience, optimism and strength were 33.02±7.67, 10.38±2.75 and 22.54±4.67. The mean scores of Herth hope index was 37.50±3.56, positive coping style was 24.89±6.65, and family APGAR scale was 8.19±2.41. In univariate analysis, gender, ethnicity and family relationship had significant differences in psychological resilience (all P<0.05). Among these patients, female’s mental resilience score was significantly lower than that of male’s. Correlation analysis showed that the scores of the Herth hope index, positive coping style, and family APGAR scale were positively correlated with the total scores of resilience and the scores of each dimension (all P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, the scores of Herth hope index, positive coping mode, family APGAR scale were main influencing factors of resilience ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Female patients with extracranial AVM need more attention to their psychological problems and psychological reactions. Herth hope, positive coping mode, family-centered care are the protective factors of resilience of patients with extracranial AVM.

Objective:To investigate psychological resilience of inpatients with extracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and analyze the related factors, in order to provide scientific basis for improving the psychological resilience of patients.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to include patients with extracranial AVM who were hospitalized in the Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from October 2020 to December 2021. The general information questionnaire, Cornor-Davidon resilience scale, Herth hope index, medical coping modes questionnaire and family APGAR scale were used to investigate them. SPSS 21.0 software was used. The t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:In total, 177 patients with extracranial AVM were included in our study. The total mean score of the resilience scale was 65.94±13.90, and the mean scores of the three dimensions of resilience, optimism and strength were 33.02±7.67, 10.38±2.75 and 22.54±4.67. The mean scores of Herth hope index was 37.50±3.56, positive coping style was 24.89±6.65, and family APGAR scale was 8.19±2.41. In univariate analysis, gender, ethnicity and family relationship had significant differences in psychological resilience (all P<0.05). Among these patients, female’s mental resilience score was significantly lower than that of male’s. Correlation analysis showed that the scores of the Herth hope index, positive coping style, and family APGAR scale were positively correlated with the total scores of resilience and the scores of each dimension (all P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, the scores of Herth hope index, positive coping mode, family APGAR scale were main influencing factors of resilience ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Female patients with extracranial AVM need more attention to their psychological problems and psychological reactions. Herth hope, positive coping mode, family-centered care are the protective factors of resilience of patients with extracranial AVM.

OBJECTIVE To explore the regulatory mechanism of compatibility of ginseng and gecko dispensing granule on kidney yang deficiency model rats. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （no modeling ，no administration），model group （modeling，no administration ），Jinkui shenqi pill group （modeling，dose of 2.33 g/kg），ginseng group（modeling，dose of 0.53 g/kg），gecko group （modeling，dose of 0.21 g/kg）and compatibility group （modeling，ginseng 0.53 g/kg and gecko 0.21 g/kg）. The body mass and anal temperature of rats were measured at different time points ；the serum levels of cAMP ，cGMP，CRH，ACTH，CORT，T，T3，T4，E2，IgG and IgM were measured ；the pathomorphological changes of adrenal gland ，thyroid gland and testis were observed ；mRNA expression of CRH ，thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone （TRH）and gonadotropin releasing hormone （GnRH）in hypothalamus were detected. RESULTS Compared with model group ，the anal temperature ，the levels of cAMP ，CRH，ACTH，CORT，T3，T and cAMP/cGMP ，T/E2 in serum and mRNA expressions of TRH and GnRH in hypothalamus were significantly increased in the compatibility group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the levels of cGMP，E2 and IgG in serum and mRNA expression of CRH in hypothalamus decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the pathological injuries of adrenal gland ，thyroid gland and testis were all improved. Compared with ginseng or gecko dispensing granules alone ，the anal temperature and T/E 2 of rats in the compatibility group increased significantly ，and mRNA expression of CRH in hypothalamus decreasedsignificantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Thecompatibility of ginseng and gecko dispensing granule has a synergistic regulatory effect on kidney yang deficiency model rats ， the mechanism of which may be associated with hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis ， hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis ， hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and neuroendocrine immune network formed by immune function. Compatible drugs are better than single drugs.

To investigate the clinical features and influencing factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) early after coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods    The clinical data of 339 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 267 males and 72 females with an average age of 37-83 (58.03±8.90) years. The clinical features and influencing factors for new-onset AF after surgery were investigated. Results    There were 234 patients of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG), with 36 (15.4%) new-onset AF patients after operation, among whom 16.1% were males and 12.5% were females. There were 105 patients of on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with 39 (37.1%) new-onset AF patients, among whom 40.7% were males and 25.0% were females. The incidence was higher after the CABG surgery than that after the OPCABG surgery (37.1% vs. 15.4%, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the incidence rate between males and females (P>0.05). The incidence of new-onset AF after surgery was higher in ≥60 years patients for both  operations (18.9% and 45.8%), which was significantly higher than that in <45 years patients (P<0.05). For both operations, the incidence of new-onset AF after surgery was high on the second day (24-48 h) after surgery, and most of the AF lasted for 1 day (P<0.05). The hypertension (OR=4.983, P=0.036), frequent premature atrial contraction or atrial tachycardia (OR=17.682, P=0.002), postoperative creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CKMB) (OR=0.152, P=0.042), left anterior and posterior diameters (OR=17.614, P<0.001) and preoperative ejection fraction (OR=7.094, P=0.011) were influencing factors for new-onset AF after OPCABG. Diabetes (OR=11.631, P=0.020), other cardiac malformations (OR=29.023, P=0.002), frequent premature ventricular contraction or ventricular tachycardia (OR=0.047, P=0.001), and postoperative CKMB (OR=3.672, P=0.040) were influencing factors for new-onset AF after CABG. Conclusion    The incidence of new-onset AF after CABG is higher than that after OPCABG, and it increases with age increasing. There is no difference in the incidence between males and females. The influencing factors for the two operations are different.

Objective:To investigate the effects of different surface treatments protocol on the bonding strength between lithium disilicate glass ceramic and resin cements.Methods:Ceramic specimens of 15 mm×13 mm×3 mm were used to evaluate the effects of different surface treatments of hydrofluoric acid etching and silane coupling in current research. Firstly, the standard lithium ceramic specimens were divided into 8 groups ( n=16), and were etched by 4.5% hydrofluoric acid for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 120 and180 s. Then specimens in each group was further divided into two sub-groups. In one sub-group specimens were coated with coupling agents and in the other were not. Shear bonding strength (SBS) and failure mode were tested and analyzed. The surface morphologies of hydrofluoric acid-etched ceramic specimens were observed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Secondly, after being etched by 4.5% hydrofluoric acid for 30 s, the lithium ceramic specimens were coated with coupling agents at different temperatures: room temperature (12 ℃) for 60 s, 60 ℃ hot air for 60 s and 100 ℃ hot air for 60 s ( n=8). SBS and fracture mode were tested and analyzed. The infrared spectrum analysis was used to characterize the coupled surfaces of the ceramic samples. Results:The maximum SBS values were obtained after the specimens were etched for 30 s. The silane coupled group showed a higher SBS value [(25.91±4.30) MPa, P<0.05] than the no-silane-coupled group [(20.27±4.92) MPa]. SBS decreased with extended etching time (>30 s) and the SEM photos showed over-etching morphologies. The 60 ℃ hot air treatment resulted in the maximum SBS value [(28.70±5.32) MPa] than that of the room temperature [(20.08±3.64) MPa] or 100 ℃ hot air [(25.64±4.86) MPa, P<0.05]. And the cohesive failure mode was found in 60 ℃ hot air treatment group. The infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the highest amount of silicon oxide bond in the 60 ℃ hot air treatment group. Conclusions:In this study, for this product, the optimum etching time of 4.5% hydrofluoric acid was 30 s. Furthermore, an ideal SBS value could be obtained when the silane coupling agents were applied additionally. SBS could be increased substantially when the 30 s-etched-ceramic product was coated with silane coupling agents at 60 ℃ hot air for 60 s.

OBJECTIVE：To compare the effects of raw pro duct and different processed products of Gekko gecko on kidney-yang deficiency model mice induced by adenine. METHODS ：Totally 100 mice were randomly divided into blank group （n＝10）and modeling group （n＝90）. Modeling group was given adenine （50 mg/kg）intragastrically for 10 days to induce kidney-yang deficiency model ；blank group was given normal saline （0.2 mL/10 g）intragastrically. After modeling ，70 mice were randomly divided into model group ，positive group （Jinkui shenqi pill ，6.4 g/kg），G. gecko crude product group （1.2 g/kg）， wine-processed G. gecko group（1.2 g/kg）and oil-processed G. gecko group（1.2 g/kg）according to body weight and symptoms of kidney-yang deficiency ，with 14 mice in each group. Blank group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically；administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically （0.2 mL/10 g），once a day ，for consecutive 14 d. During the experiment ，the symptoms and signs of mice in each group were observed. After last medication ，renal index ，testis index and serum levels of T ，CORT，BUN and Cr were measured ；HE staining method was used to observe the pathological changes of renal tissue of mice in each group. RESULTS ：Compared with blank group ，the mice in the model group suffered from performance of kidney-yang deficiency ，such as weight loss ，crouch and arch back ，chills and cold limbs ，and sparse body hair ， while renal index and serum levels of BUN and Cr were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. In renal tissue ，there were BA28117 pathological damages such as irregular arrangement of renal KY2016YB211tubular epithelial cells ，light staining of nucleus and edema of cytoplasm. Compared with model group ， performance of kidney-yang deficiency was improved to different extents in G. gecko crude product group and processed product groups（especially in wine-processed G. gecko group）；serum levelsof BUN and Cr were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；pathological damage of renal tissue was alleviated in different degrees. In addition ，body weight of mice was increased significantly in G. gecko processed products groups （P＜0.01），and renal indexes of mice were decreased significantly in G. gecko crude product group and processed products groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with G. gecko crude product group ，renal index ，serum levels of BUN and Cr were significantly decreased in wine-processed G. gecko group（P＜0.01），and serum level of Cr was significantly decreased in oil-processed G. gecko group（P＜ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：G. gecko crude product ，wine-processed G. gecko and oil-processed G. gecko all show a certain improvement effect on kidney-yang deficiency mice induced by adenine ，especially wine-processed G. gecko .

Objective:To investigate the causes of immune failure in the population with high vaccination rate of measles and rubella vaccine in Beijing by detecting the IgG antibody affinity in suspected cases of measles and rubella.Methods:Serum samples of 276 suspected cases of measles and rubella were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The affinity of IgG antibody was detected, and the relative affinity index was calculated.Results:Among the 276 suspected cases, 104 were measles and 108 were rubella. Six measles cases had vaccination history and were caused by primary immunization failure ( n=3) and secondary immunization failure ( n=3). Twelve rubella cases had vaccination history and were due to primary immunization failure ( n=4) and secondary immunization failure ( n=8). Specific high-affinity antibodies were detected in nine measles cases and seven rubella cases without vaccination history, which indicated that these cases were reinfected. In the cases without measles or rubella, other pathogenic infections including mixed infections were detected, which were mainly caused by EB virus. Conclusions:Both primary and secondary immunization failure occurred in the population with immunization history. Reinfection was found in the patients who had not received vaccination against measles or rubella. Other pathogenic infections were existed among the cases without measles or rubella. Thus, misdiagnosis was responsible for the increased proportion of measles and rubella patients with immunization history in suspected cases in recent years. Full-course vaccination was conducive to produce high-affinity antibodies against measles and rubella. A supplementary vaccination campaign should be launched to consolidate the immune barrier against measles and rubella in key population or high-risk population, aiming to block the circulation of measles virus and achieve the goal of eliminating measles.

Objective:To understand the etiological characteristics of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak.Methods:Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacteria cultures were performed for the samples, including stool samples from patients and cooks, environmental swabs, raw food material (chicken meat), collected during the outbreak. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, antibiotics susceptibility test and whole-genome sequencing were performed for the Campylobacter jejuni isolates. Results:Four stool samples from patients were positive for Campylobacter jejuni by real-time PCR, in which 1 Campylobacter jejuni strain was isolated from a case who had no antibiotic treatment. Twelve Campylobacter jejuni and 7 Campylobacter coli isolates were obtained from 4 raw chicken meat samples. The Campylobacter jejuni strain isolated from the case was resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol and tetracycline. The MLST analysis with the whole-genome sequences confirmed that the Campylobacter jejuni isolate from the case belonged to ST10075. Antimicrobial resistance genes cmeABCR, tetO/M and blaOXA-61 were found in the genome of the isolate from the patient by the whole-genome sequencing. No mutation in 23S rRNA was found and the C257T mutation in gyrA was identified in this isolate. Conclusion:Laboratory analysis indicated that Campylobacter jejuni infection might be the major cause of this gastroenteritis outbreak.