AIM:To measure preoperative corneal curvature in elderly cataract patients using five different systems, including Keratograph 5M, Pentacam, KR.800 autorefractor, IOL Master, and KR-1W wavefront aberrometer, analyze its discrepancy and consistency, and provide a reference for accurate intraocular lens(IOL)power calculation in elderly patients before cataract surgery.METHODS:This prospective study included 53 elderly cataract in-patients(90 eyes)who were admitted to our ophthalmology department between October 2022 and November 2024. The corneal curvature values(K1, K2)of postoperative eyes were measured using Keratograph 5M, Pentacam, KR.800, IOL Master, and KR-1W, and the mean keratometry(Km)was calculated.RESULTS:Statistically significant differences were observed in K1, K2, and Km values between Keratograph 5M and Pentacam, as well as between Keratograph 5M and IOL Master(all P<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in K1, K2 and Km between Keratograph 5M and KR.800 or KR-1W(all P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a certain correlation of K1, K2 and Km obtained from Keratograph 5M with those from KR.800, Pentacam, IOL Master, and KR-1W(r=0.913-0.987, all P<0.001). Bland-Altman scatter plots demonstrated good consistency between Keratograph 5M and KR.800 or KR-1W, while its consistency with Pentacam and IOL Master was relatively poor.CONCLUSION:As an ocular surface analyzer, Keratograph 5M offers advantages such as simplicity, rapid measurement, strong repeatability, and low patient cooperation requirements. In elderly patients, corneal curvature measurements obtained by Keratograph 5M demonstrated good consistency with those from KR.800 and KR-1W, making them interchangeable based on individual conditions and cooperation levels of patients. However, its consistency with Pentacam and IOL Master was relatively poor; therefore, clinical practical situation should be considered when selecting such measurement devices.

Small proteins specifically refer to proteins consisting of less than 100 amino acids translated from small open reading frames (sORFs), which were usually missed in previous genome annotation. The significance of small proteins has been revealed in current years, along with the discovery of their diverse functions. However, systematic annotation of small proteins is still insufficient. SmProt was specially developed to provide valuable information on small proteins for scientific community. Here we present the update of SmProt, which emphasizes reliability of translated sORFs, genetic variants in translated sORFs, disease-specific sORF translation events or sequences, and remarkably increased data volume. More components such as non-ATG translation initiation, function, and new sources are also included. SmProt incorporated 638,958 unique small proteins curated from 3,165,229 primary records, which were computationally predicted from 419 ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) datasets or collected from literature and other sources from 370 cell lines or tissues in 8 species (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio, Saccharomyces cere-visiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Escherichia coli). In addition, small protein families identified from human micro-biomes were also collected. All datasets in SmProt are free to access, and available for browse, search, and bulk downloads at http://bigdata.ibp.ac.cn/SmProt/.

Objective:To analyze the current research status, hotspots, and trends in the field of cancer symptom management in recent 10 years, and to provide a reference for further research.Methods:Articles published from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrieved with "cancer OR tumor OR neoplasm" and "symptom management" as the subject terms from the core collection of Web of Science database. CiteSpace 5.7.R1 was used for analysis and visualization of researchers, countries, institutions, journals, documents, keywords and other content.Results:The number of papers published in the field of cancer symptom management was basically on the rise, but the number of co-authored papers by multiple authors and institutions was insufficient. The United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia were the main countries in the field of cancer symptom management. They occupied a key position in this field and cooperated closely with each other. China's number of publications ranked the fifth, but it did not take a central place, and it had less international cooperation. Journal of Clinical Oncology, Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, and Supportive Care in Cancer were the core journals in this field. The related articles published on them reflected the foundation of this field, and provided important reference for this field. Cancer, symptoms, intervention measures, self-care, remote management, etc. have been research hotspots in recent years. Conclusions:This study provides a perspective for understanding the related research in cancer symptom management, and supplies valuable information for researchers to identify potential collaborators and cooperative institutions, core journals, hot topics, and research frontiers. In the future, researchers may focus on such hotspots and frontiers as symptoms, interventions, self-care, and remote management.

Objective    To study the safety of right vertical infra-axillary thoracotomy (RVIAT) in the repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) and the optimal age for RVIAT. Methods    Between June 2014 and June 2018, 441 children underwent VSD repair via RVIAT in our hospital. According to the age, they were divided into four groups: a 4 months to 1 year old group (R1 group, n=123), a 1-2 years old group (R2 group, n=106), a 2-5 years old group (R3 group, n=166), a >5 years old group (R4 group, n=46). The clinical effects of the patients were compared. Results    All the operations were successfully performed and no serious complication was found in all groups. No statistical difference was observed in the operation time, blood loss during operation, thoracic drainage 24 h after operation among groups (P>0.05). The cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-blocking time and ICU stay time in the R1 and R2 groups were longer than those in the R3 and R4 groups (P<0.05). In the R1 group, the postoperative ventilating time and postoperative hospital stay time were longer, and the blood transfusion volume was more than those in the R3 and R4 groups (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications was higher in the R4 group than that in the R1 and R3 groups (P<0.05). Conclusion    VSD repair via RVIAT may be more effective in children >2 years old, and 2-5 years old may be the optimal age.

Objective To establish a modified dual liver transplantation rat model. Methods Based on the classic donor Y-shaped double iliac vein recanalization of bilateral liver grafts and portal vein and bile duct of the recipients, the dual liver transplantation rat model was modified by increasing the rat body mass, increasing the right lower lobe of the right graft, appropriate bile duct length, trimming Y-shaped blood vessels, and "triangular" anastomosis. The operation time, cold ischemia time, warm ischemia time and anhepatic phase of dual liver transplantation were recorded. The incidence of postoperative complications of the recipients was observed. The survival rates of the recipients at postoperative 7 and 30 d were calculated. Results The operation time of dual liver transplantation in rat was (114±7) min, the cold ischemia time was (36±3) min, the warm ischemia time was (9.7±1.6) min, and the anhepatic phase was (19.9±2.2) min, respectively. The incidence of postoperative complications in the recipient rats was 31% (5/16) including 2 cases of peritoneal effusion, 1 case of hemorrhage, 1 case of bile leakage and 1 case of respiratory obstruction. The postoperative 7- and 30-d survival rates of the recipient rats were 81%(13/16)、56%(9/16), respectively. Conclusions The modified technique can establish a stable dual liver transplantation rat model, which deserves widespread application.

Objective:To explore the cognition of community health care workers and the elderly on frailty, and attitudes towards frailty management.Methods:The semi-structured interview was conducted with 14 community health care workers and 17 community elderly in 3 communities in Beijing with the method of phenomenological research. We interviewed respondents' cognition on frailty management and attitudes towards frailty management. Colaizzi 7-step method was used for data analysis.Results:Three themes of cognition on elderly frailty were extracted including that the elderly in the community had different cognition and understandings of elderly frailty; community health care workers had a comprehensive understanding of the concept of elderly frailty, but not much contact with this concept; there were several misunderstandings about the cognition of elderly frailty. Four themes of attitudes towards frailty management were extracted including that the elderly want scientific frailty management; the elderly in the early stage of frailty did not agree with frailty management; community health care workers affirmed the importance of frail management; there were many obstacles to the frailty management in Beijing communities.Conclusions:It is necessary to strengthen education and publicity for the elderly frailty, speed up the formulation of evidence-based frailty management plans, guide community practice, and improve the quality of life of the elderly.

Shortage of donors is a major obstacle for liver transplantation.Lee innovated dual graft living donor liver transplantation in 2001,obtained graft from two donors,and it was conducted in various parts of the world.At present,South Korea has the biggest numbers in operation,China,Japan,and Germany.Turkey,Romania,and other countries are relatively less;current clinical liver donor liver transplantation is mainly based on single graft living donor liver transplantation,and in some complicated cases,single graft liver transplantation cannot be completed due to various factors,at this situation dual grafts living donor liver transplantation can complete the treatment.Although dual donor liver transplantation can only be carried out in a few areas due to complex surgical procedures,it can enrich the treatment of liver transplantation and promotes the development of liver transplantation.

The anoikis resistance confers the ability of cancer cells to survive and metastasize in the blood circulation without adhesion,but its effect and mechanism in intrahepatic and distant metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma has not been fully elucidated.Recent studies have shown that certain factors or drugs may inhibit anoikis of hepatoma cells through some signaling pathways.These signaling pathways are not completely separated,they are interconnected to promote metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver is the metabolic center of many substances,and many related factors can promote metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through inhibiting anoikis.In this review,we summarized the signaling pathways of anoikis resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from bile duct epithelial cells, among which hilar cholangiocarcinoma is the most common, accounting for about 58％-70％ of cholangiocarcinoma. Due to its atypical clinical features, special anatomical site, low radical resection rate, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis, the 5-year survival rate of hilar cholangiocarcinoma was only 14.7％-33.8％. Hence, the most effective method of hilar cholangiocarcinoma lies in early diagnosis and radical resection. Good perioperative management can improve the rate of radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and contribute a lot to prognosis of the patients. The perioperative management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is described as follows.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a common autoimmune liver disease,and the diversity of its treatment methods has been hotly discussed by scholars in various countries.As the best treatment,end-stage liver transplantation (LT),due to the related diseases,such as postoperative complications greatly limits its wide application in clinical practice.Early assessment and intervention can reduce the risk of concomitant disease and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.In this paper,the status of LT indications,timing and related disease management,postoperative complications and other aspects of PSC patients were reviewed.