The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) has been clinically applied to monitor the dynamic change of the subcutaneous interstitial glucose concentration which is a function of the blood glucose level by glucose sensors. It can track blood glucose levels all day along, and thus provide comprehensive and reliable information about blood glucose dynamics. The clinical application of CGMS enables monitoring of blood glucose fluctuations and the discovery of hidden hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia that are difficult to be detected by traditional methods. As a CGMS needs to work subcutaneously for a long time, a series of factors such as biocompatibility, enzyme inactivation, oxygen deficiency, foreign body reaction, implant size, electrode flexibility, error correction, comfort, device toxicity, electrical safety, et al. should be considered beforehand. The study focused on the difficulties in the technology, and compared the products of Abbott, Medtronic and DexCom, then summarized their cutting-edge. Finally, this study expounded some key technologies in dynamic blood glucose monitoring and therefore can be utilized as a reference for the development of CGMS.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/methods* ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Monitoring, Ambulatory/methods* ; Monitoring, Physiologic

Objective To analyze and discuss four methods of calculating likelihood ratio of DNA mixture. Methods In the case with CNAS-T0757 proficiency testing in 2013, the likelihood ratios were calculated and compared among four methods, including unrestricted combinatorial method, Clayton’s method, p2 principle method, and recommendations fromISFG . Results The likelihood ratios were maximumby Clayton’s method and recommendations fromISFG , followed by result of the unrestricted combinational method. The minimu mlikelihood ratio was obtained by p2 principle. Conclusion The unrestricted combi-national method could give furthest consideration to both information preservation and appraiser protection.

Objective To explore the effects and the possible molecular mechanism of flavonoids of puerarin (PR) on chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line K562 and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line NB4 in vitro. Methods MTT assays were used to detect the inhibitory effects of cell proliferation. The apoptosis of K562 and NB4 cells was detected by flow cytometry marked with Annexin V/PI. The expression of bcr-abl, p53, bcl-2, Fas/FasL in K562 cells and JNK, PARP, bcl-2 and Caspase 3 in NB4 cells at protein level was detected by Western blot. Results PR could inhibit the proliferation of K562 and NB4 cells in a time-dose dependent manner. The expression of protein levels of bcr-abl fusion gene declined, while the p53 protein otherwise increased, and both were in a dose-dependent manner (F = 18.74, P <0.05). The application of PR had no effect on bcl-2 and Fas/FasL protein expression in K562 cells. The JNK, PARP and Caspase3 proteins were upregulated in NB4 cells, while bcl-2 was downregulated with the increasing concentrations of PR (F=42.32, P <0.05). Conclusion PR could inhibit leukemic cell proliferation, induce cell cycle block, and increase cell apoptosis through different molecular mechanisms. It suggestes that PR might potentially be a kind of broad spectrum anti-leukemia agent.

Purpose To investigate the effects and the mechanism of oleum curcumae wenchowensis (OCW) with different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL) on chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K-562 cells in vitro.Methods The apoptosis of K-562 cells was dyed by Hoechest 33258 and detected by flow cytometry marked with Annexin V/PI. The Expression of Fas/FasL, bcr/abl, bcl-2 and p53 was detected by semi-quantity reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Results The results showed that the apoptosis rates were gradually elevated. The expression of Fas and FasL protein was increased in a concentration dependent manner, while bcr/abl, bcl-2 and p53 had no significant changes.Conclusion OCW could induce the apoptosis of K-562 cells by up-regulating the expression of Fas/FasL protein.

Background and purpose: Primary signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC) of the bladder is rarely diagnosed in the clinic. Few cases have been reported in the literature, so there was lack of understanding of the primary bladder SRCC in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Our study was to investigate the clinical features and treatment strategy for primary SRCC of the bladder and review the status of the disease along with the literature. Methods: 3 cases of primary bladder SRCC were studied, including clinical features, treatment, follow-up and their prognosis.The literature was reviewed. Results: All cases received ultrasound, computerized tomography, cystoscopy, biopsy and other related lab tests for diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Laparoscopic radical cystectomy and orthotopic ileal neobladders were performed in 2 cases, while the other case received laparoscopic radical cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion, Chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil) was delivered in one case after surgery. One patient died at 6 months postoperatively because of multiple metastasis. The other 2 cases have been followed-up only for 8 and 12 months postoperatively, and no recurrence or metastasis have been observed. Conclusion: Primary SRCC of the bladder lacks distinctive clinical and imaging manifestations. The tumor grows very invasively. Radical cystcctomy is one of the optimal approaches for treatment of SRCC of bladder.

Background and purpose: The prognostic factors on survival for the patients with prostate carcinoma are still underdeterrnined. This study was to analyze the survival of three common treatment methods for prostate carcinoma and the prognostic factors on survival. Methods: 494 male patients who were diagnosed as prostate cancer were enrolled into the retrospective study. All of the data like age, stage, grade, PSA level, ALP, Hb and treatments were collected. Overall survival and disease specific survival rates for patients were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors on disease specific survival were also analyzed by Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Disease specific survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 year were 96.0%, 89.0% and 80.0% for all 494 patients, respectively. Disease specific survival rate at 3-year was 92.4% for brachytherapy, 100.0% for radical prostatectomy and 80.6% for hormonal therapy (P=0.008). Multivariate analysis by Cox model showed that stage, PSA level and age significantly impacted on disease specific survival. Conclusion: Brachytherapy and radical prostatectomy provides longer survival time than hormonal therapy for patients with prostate cancer. Clinical stage and PSA level and age of prostate cancer are independent factors impacting on survival significantly.

OBJECTIVETo review kidney transplantation in the center and analyze the risk factors affecting long-term allograft survival.

METHODSThirty-two relative variables were analyzed with SAS statistical software. Using Log-rank method, we investigated influence of these variables on short-and long-term survival of grafts. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-years graft survival rates and half-life. Proportional hazards regression analysis (Cox model) was used to assess and rank the relative risk of potential variables.

RESULTSThe 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-years graft survival rates were 83%, 75%, 66% and 48%. After excluding the patients died with functioning grafts, the 1-, 3-, 5-, 10 years grafts survival rate increased to 89%, 82%, 75% and 69%, respectively. The mean half-life was 8.78 +/- 0.14 and 14.09 +/- 0.20 years, respectively. By Log-rank analysis, factors affecting short- and long-term graft survival were identified as: renal function, duration of graft function became normal, cold-ischemia time, presence of acute rejection, delayed graft function, immunosuppressive regimen, complication, infection, anti-rejection therapy. Cox model multivariate analysis showed that there were 18 factors affecting graft survival.

CONCLUSIONSNew immunosuppressive agents not only significantly increase short-term graft survival, but also have the better long-term outcome tendency. Making assurance to get high quality donor organ and minimizing the death with graft function may be the most feasible way to prolong graft survival at present.

Adult ; Cadaver ; Female ; Graft Survival ; drug effects ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; pharmacology ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Transplantation, Homologous

Objective:To perform trans-peritoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy via a single incision in treatment of adrenal tumors,and to discuss its clinical outcome and safety.Methods:Single incision trans-peritoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy was used in treatment of three patients with adrenal tumors.The incision was made 3 cm below the costal margin of anterior axillary line; three Tocars were placed in the cut.The instruments used included single port access,CUSA,Hem-o-lok,etc..Results:The three operations were all successful,and there were no conversion to open procedure or a need for extra Ttrocars.The operating time periods were 75,116,and 135 min,with a mean of (108.7?30.7)min.The perioperative blood losses were 10,20,and 30 ml,with a mean of (20?10)ml.The gastric canal and ureteral catheter were withdrew one day after operation,and the drainage tube was withdrew 3 d after operation.The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4 d.Conclusion:Single incision trans-peritoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy has the advantage of little trauma,less blood loss,satisfactory safety,and prompt postoperative recovery,but is difficult to manage.

Objective Establish and evaluate the method of number of alleles identical by state in full sib test.Methods Sib pair group and unrelated individual pair group were genotyped in 13 STR loci,statistical calculation was carried out.Results Through analysis by discriminant function the posterior probability of membership in each group and error of the posterior probability was obtained.The discriminant function in sib group is L sib =-27.087 03+3.202 32S(S:number of alleles identical by state);The discriminant function in unrelated individual group is:L unrelated =-7.495 63+1.685 09S.The average error of the posterior probability in sib and unrelated pair group is 0.026 5.Conclusion When the number of alleles identical by state is more than 17 or less than 8,posterior probability of a full sib or unrelated individuals is more than 0.998 0 or 0.999 4,respectively.The method based on the number of alleles identical by state in full sib test is credible in identifying sib pair relationship.

Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)ABO blood typing was carried out by agglutination test with anti human sera, and monoclonal antibodies against A and B blood group antigcus Blood Samples of 113 monkeys were tested. The results showed that there wete no human like A and B agglutinins and anti-A and anti-B agglutnins on the surface of the red blood cells and in the sera of monkeys. How ever human like blood group substances were found in monkey's galiva lemonsliated by agglutination inhibition test. The ABO phenotype frequoncies of Rhesus monkey were as follows: A-17. 70 %;B-52,21 %;AW-20, 36% and O-9. 73 % which of ther from foreign reports.