Objective A porcine vocal cord injury model was established to analyze and compare the damage range of porcine vocal cords and the repair process after vocal cord injury caused by CO2 laser surgery and radiofre-quency ablation with plasma spot excitation technology.Methods Fifteen pigs,30 sides of vocal cords,were used in this study.The bilateral vocal cords of the same pig were divided into CO2 laser and radiofrequency coblation(RFC)groups respectively.CO2 laser and radiofrequency ablation with plasma spot excitation technology were used to perform ubligamental cordectomy.Three pigs were sacrificed after anesthesia on postoperative day 1 and postop-erative 3,6,9,and 15 weeks.The vocal cords were harvested for HE staining.The depth of edema degeneration zone and the fibrous tissue thickness were measured vertically in the two groups,and the postoperative vocal cord damage range and vocal cord repair process were compared between the two groups.Results The depth of edema degeneration zone in the CO2 laser group was deeper than that in the RFC group at 1 day postoperatively(P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the depth of the edema degeneration zone between the two groups at the 3rd,6th,and 9th weeks after operation(P＞0.05).The depth of the edema degeneration zone at 3rd weeks postoperatively was less than that at 1 day postoperatively,and at 6th weeks postoperatively was less than that at 3rd weeks postoperatively for both operation modes(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference be-tween 9th weeks postoperatively and 6th weeks postoperatively(P＞0.05).At the 15th week after operation,the fibrous tissue thickness of the vocal fold lamina propria in the RFC group was thinner than that in the CO2 laser group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation with plasma spot excitation technology causes less damage to porcine vocal fold than CO2 laser.There is no significant difference between the two operation modes in terms of postoperative repair process,while the fibrous tissue in the lamina propria of the vocal fold is thinner in the RFC group when a vocal fold scar is formed.

Astragali radix(AR,the dried root of Astragalus)is a popular herbal remedy in both China and the United States.The commercially available AR is commonly classified into premium graded(PG)and ungraded(UG)ones only according to the appearance.To uncover novel sensitive and specific markers for AR grading,we took the integrated mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics ap-proaches to characterize chemical features of PG and UG samples in a discovery set(n=16 batches).A series of five differential compounds were screened out by univariate statistical analysis,including arginine,calycosin,ononin,formononetin,and astragaloside Ⅳ,most of which were observed to be accumulated in PG samples except for astragaloside Ⅳ.Then,we performed machine learning on the quantification data of five compounds and constructed a logistic regression prediction model.Finally,the external validation in an independent validation set of AR(n=20 batches)verified that the five com-pounds,as well as the model,had strong capability to distinguish the two grades of AR,with the pre-diction accuracy＞90％.Our findings present a panel of meaningful candidate markers that would significantly catalyze the innovation in AR grading.

Objective To investigate the benefits of replanning after induction chemotherapy(IC) by analyzing the dosimetric impact of IC on intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and the dosimetric characteristics of replanning after IC, and to provide data for the rational design of clinical radiotherapy plans. Methods 16 NPC patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT scan once before and after IC.Target volumes were delineated and the chemotherapy plans were created,defined as Plan-1 and Plan-2,respectively. Then the target structure after IC was copied to Plan-1, generating the third plan, defined as Plan-1-2. The paired t-test was used to compare the dosimetric parameters between Plan-1 and Plan-1-2 and between Plan-2 and Plan-1-2. Results Plan-1 vs. Plan-1-2:Plan-1-2 showed significantly reduced D meanof target volume compared with Plan-1(P<0.05). Plan-1-2 significantly increased D meanand D maxof the spinal cord(P<0.05),although significantly reduced D mean of the brain stem and D maxof the temporal lobes compared with Plan-1. Plan-1-2 also had significantly reduced conformity index(CI)and significantly increased homogeneity index(HI)for the target volume compared with Plan-1(P<0.05). Plan-2 vs. Plan-1-2:Compared with Plan-1-2, Plan-2 significantly increased D meanand D minof gross tumor volume(GTV)and primary GTV(P<0.05)and significantly reduced D meanof the temporal lobes and D maxand D meanof the spinal cord(P<0.05), with D max decreased to 430.48 cGy;Plan-2 had significantly increased CI and significantly reduced HI for the target volume compared with Plan-1-2(all P<0.05). Conclusions IMRT plan-1 after IC has worse dosimetric distribution,while replanning after IC has more dosimetric benefits.

Research based learning (RBL) is a brand new teaching mode implicated by Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine specifically designed for clinical undergraduates.The nature of RBL is about exploring unknown knowledge and designing and executing comprehensive experiments.RBL aims at creating an open,active student participation,and close student-mentor interaction teaching mode.IBL includes literature study,research aim selection,experiment design and implementation,statistical analysis,results and conclusions,final report writing and defense of the report.Our experience indicates that RBL can substantially improve students' scientific logic and critical thinking and experimental skills,and develop the spirit of a team-player.This scientific training enables students to receive more comprehensive scientific training,facilitate their subsequent clinical research and practice,and assist them to participate in more international scientific exchanges.We propose that the RBL mode should be adopted for clinical student education in other universities.

Objective To study the difference ofLeonurus japonicus germplasm resources and provide good materials for breeding.Methods Totally 20 wildLeonurus japonicus germplasm resources from different places of China were collected. Experiment was conducted in homogeneous garden in Quzhou City of Zhejiang Province. Phenological phase, cold endurance and habitat adaptability were observed; the plant height, fresh weight and dry weight in early flowering were measured; the contents of stachydrine hydrochloride and leonurine hydrochloride were determined in early flowering and out-of-season cultivation.Results Considering the habitat adaptability, dry plant weight in early flowering, the contents of stachydrine hydrochloride and leonurine hydrochloride separately in early flowering and out-of-season cultivation, it was believed that the germplasms from Linbao County, Sheqi County in Henan Province and Guidong County in Hunan Province were better, in which Linbao germplasm was the best: the dry plant weight was 30.6 g, the content of stachydrine hydrochloride and leonurine hydrochloride were 1.31% and 0.19% respectively in early flowering, and were 3.44% and 0.37% respectively under anti-season cultivation, and it can be well adapted in Zhejiang Province.Conclusion The germplasm ofLeonurus japonicas from Lingbao can be the best materials for breeding.

Objective To investigate the effect of lateral ventricle transplantation of neurotrophic factor-transfected cells derived from Glia cell line on vascular dementia in rats and gene expression of Drebrin in hippocampal region.Methods By using gene clone technique,the GDNF gene was transfected into SH-SY5Y cell lines.104 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing (200± 20) gram were divided into groups:transplanted group,injected group,control group,all of which accepted operation by permanent ligation of left common carotid artery and clipping right common carotid artery repeatedly to build up model of vascular dementia,and sham operation group which accepted no ligation or clipping.6 rats from each group were decapitated on the third day,seventh day and tenth day after transplanting treatment were for fluorescence detection.The rest 20 rats in each group were used to detect learning and memory functions by Morris water maze on the third day and decapitated on the fourth day after transplanting treatment.Then GDNF level in temporal lobe were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),while Drebrin mRNA and protein levels in hippocampal region were detected by real time-PCR and Westernblot respectively.Results There was strong fluorescent light detected around lateral ventricle of rats in transplanted group on the third day after transplantation,which faded on the seventh day and disappeared on the tenth day.The learning and memory functions of rats in transplanted group were improved significantly.The escape latency was shorter in transplanted group than in injected group and control group [(34.89±4.15) s vs.(43.86±6.95) s,(50.89±3.66) s,both P＜0.05],while shuttle times through the third quadrant were more often in transplanted group than in injected group and control group [(11.00±1.49) vs.(9.26 ±1.38),(8.04 ± 1.12),both P＜0.05].GDNF level and Drebrin mRNA and protein levels were higher in transplanted group than in injected group and control group [GDNF:(315.71±27.43) vs.(256.26±19.90),(141.95±21.33),Drebrin mRNA:(5.54±0.35) vs.(3.10±0.33),(1.32±0.23),Drebrinprotein:(0.55±0.05) vs.(0.43±0.06),(0.26±0.06),all P＜0.05].Conclusions GDNF-transfected cells could survive in the lateral cerebral ventricle of rats for about seven days.The method for treating vascular dementia through the technique of transplanting GDNF-transfected cells is certain feasible,which has a better therapeutic effect than GDNF-injection directly into lateral cerebral ventricle.The therapeutic effect of GDNF on vascular dementia may be related to its action of regulating neural plasticity.

Objective To investigate the blood-saving effect of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing Stanford type A aortic dissection surgery.Methods Fifty-six patients of both sexes with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection, aged 34-58 yr, weighing 62-84 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ , with their left ventricular ejection fraction ＞ 40％, undergoing emergency surgery, were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (group C, n=26) and tranexamic acid group (group TA, n=30).Tranexamic acid was infused as a bolus of 10 mg/kg over 30 min before skin incision followed by an infusion of 10 mg · kg-1 · h-1 throughout the surgery in group TA.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C.The total volume of drainage at 24 h after operation, the postoperative requirement of allogeneic red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma and platelets, and re-thoracotomy for bleeding were recorded.The postoperative mechanical ventilation time, duration of intensive care unit stay, and complications after operation were also recorded.Results Compared with group C, the total volume of drainage at 24 h after operation, and the requirement of allogeneic red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma and platelets were significantly reduced, the incidence of rethoracotomy for bleeding was decreased, the postoperative mechanical ventilation time, and duration of intensive care unit stay were shortened, and the incidence of postoperative acute lung injury and transient neurological dysfunction were decreased in group TA.Conclusion Tranexamic acid has blood-saving effect and can reduce postoperative bleeding and allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing Stanford type A aortic dissection surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in nasal polyps tissues and the Th2 inflammatory response. METHOD: Sixty patients with nasal polyps were collect ed. The immunohistochemical staining method was used to detect the expression of TSLP in nasal polyps tissues and ELISA method to the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma, IL-13 and analyzed the correlation between them. RESULT: The expression of TSLP in nasal polyp tissues was higher than that in normal inferior turbinate mucosa (P < 0.05). The expression level of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma and IL-13 in nasal polyps tissues were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). TSLP staining was a statistically significant positive correlation with IL-4, IL5 and IL-13 (r = 0.475, 0.594 and 0.582, respectively, P < 0.01), while inverse correlation with IFN-gamma (r = -0.614, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The high expression of TSLP might promote T cell differentiation towards Th2, and participated in the occurrence/development of nasal polyps, aggravated the nose Th2 inflammatory response.
Adult ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-13 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-5 ; metabolism ; Male ; Nasal Polyps ; immunology ; metabolism ; Th2 Cells ; immunology ; Young Adult

Objective To study the relationship between rs290487,rs7903146 of transcription factor 7-Like 2 (TCF7L2) gene and post-transplantation diabetes mellitus in Han Zhejiang population.Method We genotyped two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the TCF7L2 gene in 90 unrelated post-transplantation type 2 diabetes mellitus (PTDM) patients,112 unrelated non-PTDM patients,and a set of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus patients (n =68).Genotyping was performed using direct sequencing SNP Genotyping Assays.The association of SNPs with post-transplantation diabetes mellitus was analyzed.Result In this study,there was statistically significant difference in the T-allele of TCF7L2.rs7903146 between PTDM group (5.1％) and non-PTDM group (1.3％) (P＜0.05).For rs7903146,the frequencies of genotype C/C,C/T (70.0％) and T/T (35.8％) was statistically significant in PTDM group (P＜0.05).For rs290487,the frequencies of genotype C/C,C/T and T/T was 14.7％,38.2％ and 47.1％ respectively in PTDM group,P＞ 0.05.The incidence of PTDM was significantly higher in patients with the CT genotype (odds ratio 18.54 [95％ CI 1.21-282.26],P =0.03).Conclusion With the current sample size,we found that the CT genotype of rs7903146 was significantly associated with post-transplantation diabetes mellitus.

Knockout is an important method for gene function study, while vector is the core of gene knockout. In order to obtain an effective vector for rapid construction of mutant and essentiality identification of the corresponding gene, we constructed a recombinant plasmid named plDM-T based on the temperature-sensitive and replication- defective plasmid plDM1 by inserting an Xcm I adapter into the EcoR I and Pst I sites of pIDM1. Digesting with Xcm I, pIDM-T can be prepared as a linear T-vector for PCR products cloning and be used to knockout the corresponding gene in the genome with insertion duplication mutagenesis. After the verification of temperature sensitivity of the replication of the plasmid, we cloned two Salmonella pullorum genes eno and ybdr into the constructed pIDM-T, and two recombinant plasmids pIDM-T_eno and pIDM-T_ybdr were identified. The recombinant plasmids were then transformed into S. pullorum strain CVCC527 and the IPC (Integration rate per cell) values were calculated. As a result, we identified the eno gene as an essential gene and the ybdr as a non-essential gene in CVCC527. We verified the correctness of recombination site in ybdr recombinant 527 clones (Sal delta ybdr) by PCR and sequencing. The pIDM-T vector can be used for gene knockout in S. pullorum, as well as the identification of essentiality of the corresponding genes, which offers an effective and rapid tool for gene function study in Salmonella.
Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Salmonella ; classification ; genetics