Objective To study the spatial distribution of the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Hubei Province and its influencing factors, so as to improve the theoretical basis for scientific development of tuberculosis prevention and control measures in the future. Methods The data of reported incidence of tuberculosis and related influencing factors in various counties and districts of Hubei Province in 2020 were collected. Global Moran's I index, hotspot analysis and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model analysis were used to calculate the spatial autocorrelation of the incidence of tuberculosis, and to analyze the influencing factors affecting the incidence rate of tuberculosis. Results There were obvious regional differences in the space distribution of the incidence rate of tuberculosis. Hot spot analysis showed positive spatial correlation and obvious clustering. The GWR model (AICc=784.251) in this study had higher AICc value compared to the ordinary least squares regression (OLS) model (AICc=804.2585). The GWR model showed that the increase in the proportion of the population aged 65 and above and the proportion of the ethnic minority population had a significant promoting effect on the increase of the incidence rate of tuberculosis, and there was significant spatial heterogeneity. The effect of PM_2.5 concentration on the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis varied in different regions, and the degree of effect was also different. Conclusion The proportion of people aged 65 and above and the proportion of ethnic minorities may significantly influence the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The effect of PM_2.5 concentration varies in different regions, so targeted measures should be formulated according to the situation in different regions.

Objective To examine the effect of temperature on the risk of varicella in Jiangjin District, Chongqing, and to provide reference for formulating varicella prevention and control strategies. Methods Data on varicella cases from 2015 to 2020 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, while meteorological data for the same period were collected through the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service Network. A distributed lag non-linear model was employed to analyze the correlation between different lag days (lag) and temperature and the incidence of varicella, as well as their impact on sensitive population. Using the lowest risk temperature as a reference, the relative risk of extreme low temperature 8°C (P5) and extreme high temperature 31.5°C (P95) on the onset of varicella was estimated. Results Over the six-year period, Jiangjin District reported 7 547 varicella cases, predominantly among children aged 5-9, accounting for 40.64% (3 067 cases) of the total. The incidence of varicella exhibited obvious seasonality and a bimodal distribution pattern. The exposure-response curve between daily varicella cases and temperature was U-shaped. At a low temperature of 8°C with a 3-day lag, the general population exhibited the highest risk, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.43 (95% CI: 1.22-1.67). After a 7-day lag, the cumulative relative risk (CRR) escalated to 2.79 (95% CI: 1.95-3.98). Conversely, at a high temperature of 31.5°C with no lag, the peak risk yielded an RR of 1.77 (95% CI: 1.23-2.37), and a 7-day lag resulted in a CRR of 2.05 (95% CI: 1.47-2.86). The temperature had the greatest impact on the incidence of varicella in preschool children. At 8°C with a 7-day lag, the CRR of varicella incidence in preschool children was 2.34 (95% CI: 1.89-2.91), with an attributable fraction (AF) of temperature reaching 38.49% (95% CI: 34.45%-42.06%). Conclusion Exposure to both low and high temperature in Jiangjin District, Chongqing can increase the risk of varicella, and the effect is more pronounced in preschool children.

Objective To study the spatial distribution of the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Hubei Province and its influencing factors, so as to improve the theoretical basis for scientific development of tuberculosis prevention and control measures in the future. Methods The data of reported incidence of tuberculosis and related influencing factors in various counties and districts of Hubei Province in 2020 were collected. Global Moran's I index, hotspot analysis and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model analysis were used to calculate the spatial autocorrelation of the incidence of tuberculosis, and to analyze the influencing factors affecting the incidence rate of tuberculosis. Results There were obvious regional differences in the space distribution of the incidence rate of tuberculosis. Hot spot analysis showed positive spatial correlation and obvious clustering. The GWR model (AICc=784.251) in this study had higher AICc value compared to the ordinary least squares regression (OLS) model (AICc=804.2585). The GWR model showed that the increase in the proportion of the population aged 65 and above and the proportion of the ethnic minority population had a significant promoting effect on the increase of the incidence rate of tuberculosis, and there was significant spatial heterogeneity. The effect of PM_2.5 concentration on the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis varied in different regions, and the degree of effect was also different. Conclusion The proportion of people aged 65 and above and the proportion of ethnic minorities may significantly influence the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The effect of PM_2.5 concentration varies in different regions, so targeted measures should be formulated according to the situation in different regions.

Objective To examine the effect of temperature on the risk of varicella in Jiangjin District, Chongqing, and to provide reference for formulating varicella prevention and control strategies. Methods Data on varicella cases from 2015 to 2020 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, while meteorological data for the same period were collected through the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service Network. A distributed lag non-linear model was employed to analyze the correlation between different lag days (lag) and temperature and the incidence of varicella, as well as their impact on sensitive population. Using the lowest risk temperature as a reference, the relative risk of extreme low temperature 8°C (P5) and extreme high temperature 31.5°C (P95) on the onset of varicella was estimated. Results Over the six-year period, Jiangjin District reported 7 547 varicella cases, predominantly among children aged 5-9, accounting for 40.64% (3 067 cases) of the total. The incidence of varicella exhibited obvious seasonality and a bimodal distribution pattern. The exposure-response curve between daily varicella cases and temperature was U-shaped. At a low temperature of 8°C with a 3-day lag, the general population exhibited the highest risk, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.43 (95% CI: 1.22-1.67). After a 7-day lag, the cumulative relative risk (CRR) escalated to 2.79 (95% CI: 1.95-3.98). Conversely, at a high temperature of 31.5°C with no lag, the peak risk yielded an RR of 1.77 (95% CI: 1.23-2.37), and a 7-day lag resulted in a CRR of 2.05 (95% CI: 1.47-2.86). The temperature had the greatest impact on the incidence of varicella in preschool children. At 8°C with a 7-day lag, the CRR of varicella incidence in preschool children was 2.34 (95% CI: 1.89-2.91), with an attributable fraction (AF) of temperature reaching 38.49% (95% CI: 34.45%-42.06%). Conclusion Exposure to both low and high temperature in Jiangjin District, Chongqing can increase the risk of varicella, and the effect is more pronounced in preschool children.

Recent clinical studies have shown that mutation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) gene in cancer cells may be associated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and poor response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Therefore, efficiently restoring PTEN gene expression in cancer cells is critical to improving the responding rate to ICB therapy. Here, we screened an adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid for efficient PTEN gene delivery into B16F10 tumor cells. We demonstrated that intratumorally injected AAV6-PTEN successfully restored the tumor cell PTEN gene expression and effectively inhibited tumor progression by inducing tumor cell immunogenic cell death (ICD) and increasing immune cell infiltration. Moreover, we developed an anti-PD-1 loaded phospholipid-based phase separation gel (PPSG), which formed an in situ depot and sustainably release anti-PD-1 drugs within 42 days in vivo. In order to effectively inhibit the recurrence of melanoma, we further applied a triple therapy based on AAV6-PTEN, PPSG^@anti-PD-1 and CpG, and showed that this triple therapy strategy enhanced the synergistic antitumor immune effect and also induced robust immune memory, which completely rejected tumor recurrence. We anticipate that this triple therapy could be used as a new tumor combination therapy with stronger immune activation capacity and tumor inhibition efficacy.

The climate on the plateau is characterized by hypobaria and hypoxia,where the natural environment is harsh,which poses a serious threat to the health and combativeness of troops.As a vital organ of the human body,the kidney has a complex vascular structure,large oxygen consumption,and is vulnerable to damage from hypoxia and other factors.This paper outlines the special changes of renal function and current diagnosis and treatment of kidney injury by taking into consideration the actual conditions on the plateau and renal blood and oxygen supply.Meanwhile,related countermeasures are recommended to facilitate the prevention and treatment of kidney injury in warfare on the plateau.

Objective To explore the effects of different acupoints,different target organs,and different interventions on acupoint efficacy based on ACU&MOX-DATA platform;To illustrate and visualize whether the above factors have the characteristics of"specific effect"or"common effect"of acupoint efficacy.Methods The multi-source heterogeneous data were integrated from the original omics data and public omics data.After standardization,differential gene analysis,disease pathology network analysis,and enrichment analysis were performed using Batch Search and Stimulation Mode modules in ACU&MOX-DATA platform under the conditions of different acupoints,different target organs,and different interventions.Results Under the same disease state and the same intervention,there were differences in effects among different acupoints;under the same disease state,the same acupoint and intervention,the responses produced by different target organs were not completely consistent;under the same disease state and acupoint,there were differences in effects among different intervention measures.Conclusion Based on the analysis of ACU&MOX-DATA platform,it is preliminary clear that acupoints,target organs,and interventions are the key factors affecting acupoint efficacy.Meanwhile,the above results have indicated that there are specific or common regulatory characteristics of acupoint efficacy.Applying ACU&MOX-DATA platform to analyze and visualize the critical scientific problems in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion can provide references for deepening acupoint cognition,guiding clinical acupoint selection,and improving clinical efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the value of traditional metabolic parameters, CT features and intratumoral heterogeneity parameters measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting the mutation status of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in patients with adenocarcinoma. Methods:A total of 147 patients (73 males, 74 females, age (59.8±10.2) years) with pathological confirmed adenocarcinoma between January 2016 and June 2020 in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University were retrospectively included. The differences of clinical data (smoking history, tumor location and clinical stage), CT features (maximum diameter, ground-glass opacity content, lobulation, speculation, cavitation, air-bronchogram, pleural retraction and bronchial cut-off sign), 18F-FDG PET/CT traditional metabolic parameters (SUV max, SUV mean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG)) and intratumoral heterogeneity parameters ( CV, heterogeneity index (HI)) were analyzed between patients with EGFR mutation and patients with EGFR wild-type. Independent-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to analyze the data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the predictors of EGFR mutation. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of clinical and PET/CT information. Results:Among 147 patients, 87 were with EGFR mutation and 60 were with EGFR wild-type. There were significant differences in gender (male/female), smoking history (with/without), location (peripheral lesion/central lesion), pleural retraction (with/without), SUV max, SUV mean, TLG, CV and HI ( χ2 values: 4.72-23.89, z values: from -2.31 to 5.74, all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking history (odds ratio ( OR)=0.167, 95% CI: 0.076-0.366; P<0.001), pleural retraction ( OR=1.404, 95% CI: 1.115-3.745; P=0.012), SUV max ( OR=0.922, 95% CI: 0.855-0.995; P=0.003), TLG ( OR=0.991, 95% CI: 0.986-0.996; P=0.001) and HI ( OR=0.796, 95% CI: 0.700-0.859; P<0.001) were predictors of EGFR mutation. ROC curve analysis showed the AUC of HI was 0.779, with the sensitivity of 76.67%(46/60) and the specificity of 79.31%(69/87). The predictive model was constructed by combining smoking history, pleural retraction, TLG, SUV max and HI, and the AUC was 0.908, with the sensitivity of 88.33%(53/60) and the specificity of 68.97%(60/87). The difference of AUCs between HI and the predictive model was statistically significant ( z=3.71, P<0.001). Conclusion:HI can predict EGFR mutations better, and the predictive value for EGFR mutations can be enhanced when combining HI with smoking history, pleural retraction, TLG and SUV max.

Based on the previous publications， it is believed that damp-heat syndrome is the core syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis （RA）， and Qingre Huoxue Formula （清热活血方） is an effective formula for the treatment of damp-heat syndrome of RA. “Inflammation-bone destruction” is a key pathological link of RA， and it is also the advantage of the effectiveness of Qingre Huoxue Formula. Leucine rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 （LRG1） can mediate the transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signalling pathway to participate in the pathogenic process of “inflammation-bone destruction” of RA， and it can be used as a target protein in the treatment of damp-heat syndrome of RA by Qingre Huoxue Formula. Accordingly， a scientific hypothesis was proposed that Qingre Huoxue Formula may regulate TGF-β signalling pathway mediated by LRG1 to improve “inflammation-bone destruction” of RA， and it was envisioned that the clinical effect of Qingre Huoxue Formula on LRG1 could be confirmed through clinical studies， and the mechanism of action of Qingre Huoxue Formula on the LRG1/TGF-β signalling axis as well as the influence of the expression or non-expression of the LRG1/TGF-β signalling axis on the therapeutic effectiveness of Qingre Huoxue Formula could be clarified through animal experiments.

【Objective】 To explore the safety of transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal injection of sodium hyaluronate to expand the Dirichlet gap in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. 【Methods】 A total of 14 healthy male purebred beagle dogs were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, with 7 in either group.The control group was treated with conventional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, while the experimental group was treated with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy after 2.5 mL sodium hyaluronate was injected into the Dirichlet gap under the guidance of transrectal ultrasound.The total operation time, prostate separation time, intraoperative blood loss and rectal status of the 2 groups were observed. 【Results】 After the injection of sodium hyaluronate into the Dirichlet gap between the prostate and the rectum, no rectal tissue was found in the prostate, and no obvious damage was found in the posterior rectum in either groups.The postoperative hemoglobin (HGB) was [(118.70±2.56) g/L vs.(122.10±2.19) g/L, P=0.02]; the total operation time was [(141.40±9.80) min vs.(119.10±9.16) min, P<0.05]; the prostate separation time was [(24.99±1.75) min vs.(16.64±2.34) min, P<0.05]; the amount of bleeding was [(47.43±4.32) mL vs.(34.86±5.18) mL, P<0.05] in the control group and experimental group. 【Conclusion】 Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy performed after 2.5 mL of sodium hyaluronate injection into the Dirichlet gap under the guidance of transrectal ultrasound can shorten the total operation time, the separation and resection time of the prostate, and reduce the amount of bleeding, which can improve and reduce the incidence of rectal injury, and prove the feasibility of this approach for prostatic cancer.