ObjectiveTo investigate the acute effects of compound air pollution on children’s respiratory function. MethodsUsing panel group study design， 223 students in five classes of grade 4 from two primary schools （a， b） in Xuhui and Hongkou districts of Shanghai were randomly selected to measure pulmonary function and exhaled nitric oxide （FeNO）. The first three tests were carried out from May to June in 2020， and the fourth test was carried out from September to December in 2021. At the same time， the daily and hourly mean values of PM_2.5， PM₁₀， SO₂， NO₂， O₃ and CO was collected from the nearby air quality monitoring points of the two schools during the same period ， as well as meteorological monitoring data （temperature， humidity， wind speed and atmospheric pressure）. The linear mixed effect model was used to analyze the effects of air pollution on pulmonary function and respiratory inflammation in the summer. ResultsThe results of single pollutant model showed that PM_2.5， PM_10， SO₂ and NO₂ were positively correlated with FeNO， and the effect was reflected in lag0， lag1 and lag3 （P<0.05）. PM_2.5， PM₁₀ and NO₂ were negatively correlated with the changes of lung function FEF_25%， FEF_50%， FEF_75%， FeF_25%-75%， PEF， FVC， FEV1 and FEV1/FVC， and the effect was reflected in lag0 to lag3 days （P<0.05）. The results of the dual pollutant model showed that the concentration changes of SO₂ and NO₂ were significantly correlated with the decrease of FEV1 when combined with O₃ or PM_2.5 （P<0.01）， and the concentration changes of PM_2.5 was significantly correlated with the increase of FeNO when O₃， SO₂ and NO₂ were combined respectively （P<0.01）. The effects of the dual pollutant model were greater than the effect of PM_2.5 single pollutant model. ConclusionThe health effects of different air pollutants on children’s respiratory tract function indexes in summer are different. The combined effects of two pollutants on the lung function of children increased to different degrees. Although air pollution is light in summer， it still has an impact on children’s respiratory tract function index and inflammation index， and the combined effect of dual pollutants is more significant than that of single pollutant.

Objective To investigate the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI),high reactive oxygen species(ROS)rate,high mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)rate,and progressive motility(PR)in patients with idiopathic astheno-zoospermia.Methods A total of 250 patients who visited the Male Department of Reproductive Medicine Center,Tangdu Hospital,from December 2022 to November 2023 were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into mild(20％≤PR＜32％,n=86),moderate(10％≤PR＜20％,n=67),and severe(PR＜10％,n=47)asthenozoospermia groups,and a normal group(female factor infertility,normal semen parameters,PR≥32％,n=50)was formed based on their PR values.The levels of sperm DFI,high ROS and MMP rates were measured using flow cytometry,and their correlations with PR were analyzed.Results Compared with the normal group,the asthenozoospermia groups showed significantly lower sperm concentration,motility,normal morphology percentage and high MMP rate(P＜0.05),but significantly high DFI and ROS rate(P＜0.01).The severe asthenozoospermia group had significantly high DFI and ROS rate and high MMP rate was lower than that in the mild and moderate groups(P＜0.0I).No significant differences in DFI,high ROS rate and MMP rates were found between the mild and moderate groups(P＞0.05).As the severity of asthenozoospermia increased,DFI and high ROS rate showed an increasing trend,while high MMP rate decreased.Correlation analysis revealed a signifi-cant positive correlation between PR and high MMP rate(r=0.439,P＜0.01)and significant negative correlations between PR and high ROS rate(r=-0.435,P＜0.01),DFI(r=-0.478,P＜0.01).Conclusion The patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia ex-hibit altered levels of sperm DFI,high ROS and MMP rates,which are associated with the severity of asthenozoospermia.Elevated ROS levels may lead to sperm DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction,resulting in decreased sperm progressive motility.

Objective To explore the expression of death domain-associated protein(DAXX)and its subcellular localization in MCF-7 cells,discussing their effect on cellular function of MCF-7 cells.Methods MCF-7 cells were transfected with LV-DAXX-RNAi-GFP plasmid and LV-DAXX-GFP overexpression lentiviral plasmid,DAXX was knocked down and overexpressed.The expression and subcellular localization of DAXX in MCF-7 cells were detected by nuclear-cytoplasm separation methods and immu-nofluorescence,cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry,and cell proliferation was detected by MTT method.Results Both of the nuclear-cytoplasm separation methods and immunofluorescence confirmed that DAXX was mainly located in nucleus of MCF-7 cells.The transfection of LV-DAXX-GFP lentiviral plasmid mainly up-regulated the expression of DAXX in the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells,while the transfection of LV-DAXX-RNAi-GFP lentiviral plasmid mainly down-regulated the expression of DAXX in the nucleus of MCF-7 cells.Flow cytometry confirmed that down-regulated the expression of DAXX located in nucleus could increase the apoptosis rate of MCF-7 cells,decreasing the cell proliferation,and block the cells in S phase,while up-regulated the expression of DAXX in cytoplasm had no significant effect on cell apoptosis,cell cycle and cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells.Conclusion DAXX is mainly located in the nucleus of MCF-7 cells.The expression of DAXX in the nucleus or cytoplasm may have the opposite effect on the cellular function of MCF-7 cells.

Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

The acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults have a higher rate of neurological injury and early death compared with atlas or axial fractures alone. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment choices of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults are controversial because of the lack of standards for implementation. Non-operative treatments have a high incidence of bone nonunion and complications, while surgeries may easily lead to the injury of the vertebral artery, spinal cord and nerve root. At present, there are no evidence-based Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults. To provide orthopedic surgeons with the most up-to-date and effective information in treating acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field of spinal trauma to develop the Evidence-based guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults ( version 2023) by referring to the "Management of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults" published by American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)/Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) in 2013 and the relevant Chinese and English literatures. Ten recommendations were made concerning the radiological diagnosis, stability judgment, treatment rules, treatment options and complications based on medical evidence, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults.

[Objective]To analyze the general characteristics of medical characters in Jia Cang Ji(Home Collected Works),and verify the inheritance relationship of Danxi school in Wu region before the mid-Ming Dynasty.[Methods]Using the literature research method,by sorting out and analyzing the family background,medical activities and social relations of the medical characters recorded in Jia Cang Ji,the lineage of Danxi school in Wu region is clarified.[Results]Most of the medical characters in Jia Cang Ji come from families of medical generation and have frequent communications with each other.Some of them have a close relationship with the Danxi school.WANG Bin is the third-generation successors of Danxi school,while WANG Kuan,SHENG Yin,and HAN Cun are the fourth-generation successors,WANG Min,LIU Yu,and SHENG Kai are the fifth-generation successors,and WANG Guan is the sixth-generation successor.[Conclusion]The records of medical characters in Jia Cang Ji play an important role in clarifying the inheritance of Danxi School in Wu region.It can be seen that Bieji(Collections of Individual Writers)is of great value in discovering the medical historical sources.

Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics*

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for standardization and improvement of teaching model for endocrinology speciality in community clinical pharmacists training base. METHODS： Based on the requirments of community clinical pharmacists training in Shanghai，  the characteristics and contents of community clinical pharmacists training were summarized， and teaching characteriatiostics， effect evaluation and problems werer analyzed on the basis of the acutual situation in our hospital. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： Community clinical pharmacists training has the characteristics of training for chronic diseases， short training cycle， and support from the medical consortium platform. Its contents are theoretical learning and professional knowledge training， pharmaceutical care and medication education， case discussion， homework guidance and comment. Compared with other specility， endocrinology speciality has the characteristics of strengthening comprehensive pharmaceutical care （for example， pharmaceutical care of diabetic patients should pay attention not only to hypoglycemia， but also to hypobaric， hypolipidemic and complications）， emphasizing medication treatment management （MTM） teaching （provide a series of professional services such as medication education， counseling and guidance， and medical reorganization for patients， so as to improve the safety， effectiveness and compliance of medication， and then control blood glucose， delay or avoid complications）， emphasizing the cultivation of health education ability and communication ability. The evaluation of training effect included the evaluation of trainees and teachers. The former includes objective evaluation （theoretical knowledge test， bedside medication education assessment and homework assessment） and subjective evaluation （attendance， attitude， clinical practice performance）. The latter is mainly scored by trainees on teachers （including professional level， teaching attitude， teaching ability and content）. Through the training， it is found that the trainees’ literature retrieval ability is poor， the trainees have not clear idea to diabetic patients， the homework writing and typesetting are not standardized； the teaching teachers have less experience and teachers could not teach the students in accordance with their aptitude and provide individualized training. The training and teaching mode needed to be further improved.

In this paper, we lay down a homogenization training standard for resident standardized training through a joint discussion among experts from three national resident standardized training bases. The aim of the homogenization of resident standardized training quality shall be reached through the synchronous implementation of tutorial system and comprehensive formative evaluation, the strengthening of training quality process management and the promotion and advancement of training quality of resident standardized training.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the mechanism of "" acupuncture for the opening of ATP sensitive potassium channel (K) against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: Eighty-four rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a model group, an electroacupuncture (EA) group, an EA+K blocker group, 21 rats in each group. 10 μL intracerebral injection with glipizide (1 μmol/5 μL) was used in the EA+K blocker group. The cerebral ischemia reperfusion model was established by Zea Longa's suture method in the model group, the EA group and the EA+K blocker group. Rats in the sham-operation group were received the same surgery but without nylon filament insertion. Acupuncture (20 min a time) was performed at "Neiguan" (PC 6), "Shuigou" (GV 26) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) in the EA group and the EA+K blocker group at 10:00 and 16:00 for 3 days, firstly 90 min after model establishment. EA (2 Hz/15 Hz, 1 mA) was connected at the affected "Neiguan" (PC 6) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6). The same fixation was used in the sham-operation group and the model group, without EA. Neurological function was assessed by Zausinger's neurologic assessment scale. 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to detect infarct volume. Neurocyte apoptosis in the hippocampus was detected by flow cytometry and the protein expressions of B lymphocytoma-2 gene (Bcl-2) and B cell lymphoma factor-associated X protein (Bax) were measured by Western-blot. RESULTS: In comparison with the model group, the neurological score of the EA group increased (<0.01); the infarction volume and the hippocampal neuron's total apoptosis rate of the EA group decreased (both <0.05); the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax of the EA group increased (<0.05, <0.01); and the protein expression of Bax of the EA group decreased (<0.01). Compared with the EA group, the neurological score of the EA+K blocker group decreased (<0.05); the total apoptosis rate of hippocampus neurons of the EA+K blocker group increased (<0.05); the expression of Bcl-2 protein of the EA+K blocker group reduced (<0.05); the expression of Bax protein of the EA+K blocker group increased (<0.05). CONCLUSION "" acupuncture has brain protective effect on rats with focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. The mechanism may be related to regulating the opening of K channels and decreasing the apoptosis of neurons.
Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; Electroacupuncture ; KATP Channels ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury