Abstract Airborne microorganisms, especially pathogenic microorganisms, are easily transmitted through dust and droplets, leading to various infectious diseases. The study summarizes the status of airborne microbial pollution, potential exposure levels, particle size, and species distribution of microorganisms, discusses the impact of airborne microorganisms on human health, and analyzes specific factors affecting campus air microorganisms from four aspects:climate, anthropogenic factors, time, and space, to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective improvement measures, improving air quality and safeguarding the health of teachers and students.

Objective Bibliometric approaches are used to investigate the characteristics and benefits of traditional Chinese medicine treatments for dominant diseases that can be applied in clinical therapy to effectively manage geriatric diseases.Methods Clinical research literature on the use of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of geriatric diseases within the past 10 years was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and CBM databases.The research trends and clinical efficiency of each disease were statistically analyzed to determine the dominant diseases of TCM.Results A total of 22 859 articles were collected,with 3768 included in the research.In accordance with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems(ICD-11)of the World Health Organization,the diseases were classified into 17 categories and 149 diseases.The diseases primarily affect the circulatory system,skeletal musculoskeletal or connective tissue system,and digestive system.Conclusions Traditional Chinese medicine clinical trials on the treatment of geriatric illnesses cover a diverse spectrum of diseases,although the distribution of focus is unequal.Potential dominant illnesses were eventually identified to include osteoporosis,constipation,and hypertension,with heart failure,stroke,coronary heart disease,diabetes and its complications,and insomnia being potential sub-dominant diseases.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with heart failure(HF)treated with lyophilized Yiqifumai injection based on real-world data,providing evidence for the rational and standardized use of Yiqifumai injection.Methods Hospitalized HF patients from 81 hospitals across China were included in this study between April and November 2023.We collected demographics information[sex,age,New York Heart Association(NYHA)functional classification],length of hospital stay,duration of medication use,and biomarkers such as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD).Clinical features of HF patients treated with Yiqifumai injection were analyzed,and comparisons were made among different HF subtypes.Results A total of 457 HF patients were included:96 with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF),70 with HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction(HFmrEF),and 291 with HF with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF).The majority of HFpEF type and HFrEF type patients were classified as NYHA class Ⅲ[48.1％(140/291)and 54.2％(52/96),respectively],while most HFmrEF type patients were classified as class Ⅳ[41.4％(29/70)].The longest average hospital stay was recorded in HFmrEF type patients[(9.30±3.02)days],while the shortest was recorded in HFrEF type patients[(8.77±3.11)days].The shortest average medication duration was found in the HFrEF type[(8.54±2.95)days],while the longest was observed in HFpEF type patients[(8.82±2.82)days].Serum NT-proBNP levels were significantly decreased post-treatment in all three types[ng/L:HFrEF was 2 435.00(1 169.25,5 607.75)vs.5 334.00(2 077.33,9 108.88),HFmrEF type was 2 313.25(598.09,6 224.67)vs.4 559.21(1 325.75,8 922.75),HFpEF type was 824.00(169.46,2298.75)vs.1 265.00(215.00,3 458.80),all P<0.05],with the most pronounced decrease observed in the HFrEF type.LVEF was significantly improved in the HFrEF type[0.340(0.290,0.378)vs.0.336(0.280,0.360),P<0.05],while no significant changes were noted in the HFmrEF type and HFpEF type.No significant differences in LVEDD were found before and after treatment in any type(all P>0.05).Conclusion In the real-world setting,the advantages of Yiqifumai injection in treating HFrEF are more pronounced,while further evidence from evidence-based medicine is needed to support its use in other types of heart failure.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been infected rapidly and is generally susceptible to population. Moreover, it has become the most serious public health problem in the world. In the process of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) intervention has achieved positive efficacy and which is widely recognized. However, the COVID-19 epidemic is still very serious, especially due to the characteristics of asymptomatic infection such as concealment, limitations and subjective symptoms, which has increased the difficulty of prevention and control. In view of asymptomatic infection, isolation is the main management. There is little mention of specific treatment options in each version of COVID-19 treatment plan. Through systematic study of TCM theory, we explored the way of diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic infections. Based on the theory of latent evil, clearing away latent pathogens to truncate the course of disease and reduce the incidence. Based on the theory of prevention of disease, strengthen the lung and stomach to protect the place from pathogen and prevent the transmission of disease evil. It is supplemented by accurate treatment according to individual, timing and local conditions, in order to provide reference for the treatment of asymptomatic infection.

【Objective】 To establish a routine screening method for unexpected antibodies of blood donors, analyze the results of centralized screening for unexpected antibody of blood donors in the blood center, and compare the cost of centralized and decentralized screening modes. 【Methods】 A total of 35 591 blood donors were screened for unexpected antibodies from March 31, 2021 to July 31, 2021, using microcolumn gel method. Unexpected antibody screening reactive samples were further confirmed by the Transfusion Research Institute of Shenzhen Blood Center, and the demographic characteristics were further determined through the analysis of unexpected antibody positive population. The direct cost and indirect cost of centralized and decentralized unexpected antibody screening mode were compared. 【Results】 Forty unexpected antibody positive samples were confirmed in Shenzhen, with the positive rate at 0.11%(40/35 591), among which MNS, Rh and Lewis system accounted for 35% (14/40), 32.5% (13/40) and 17.5% (7/40), respectively. Males and females accounted for 45% (18/40) and 55% (22/40), respectively (P<0.01). No significant difference was noticed by age and repeated-donor or not (P>0.05). Unexpected antibody screening in a centralized way saved about 1.16 million yuan per year. 【Conclusion】 It is necessary to carry out unexpected antibody screening for all blood donors, and centralized screening is more economical than decentralized screening.

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic accuracy of the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria in predicting the mortality in patients with infection or suspected infection by using network Meta-analysis.Methods:Five databases including Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Web of Science were searched from February 23, 2016 to September 5, 2020 to identify the relevant literatures comparing the prognostic accuracy of two or more scores for mortality in patients with infection or suspected infection. The literatures screening, data extraction and the quality assessment of the included studies were all conducted independently by two reviewers. Stata 14.0 software was used to test the heterogeneity between the original studies of pairwise comparison of each of the three scoring systems. Ring inconsistency test was used to judge the consistency between direct comparison and indirect comparison. Then network Meta-analysis was performed and the results were ranked. The predictive ability of the three scoring systems was evaluated by surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). A "comparison-correction" funnel plot was drawn to assess whether there was publication bias in the included studies.Results:A total of 38 studies were enrolled, the overall quality was high. Network meta-analysis showed that SOFA had a great prognostic performance in predicting mortality for patients with infection or suspected infection, which was followed by qSOFA [mean difference ( MD) = 0.07, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.05-0.09] and SIRS scores ( MD = 0.16, 95% CI was 0.14-0.18), and the qSOFA score was better than SIRS score ( MD = 0.09, 95% CI was 0.07-0.11). In the order of predicting the death risk of patients with infection or suspected infection, SOFA score had higher predictive value, followed by qSOFA score, and SIRS score was the lowest, with SUCRA values of 1.0, 0.5 and 0, respectively. Funnel plot showed that all the studies were distributed on both sides of the midline, but the distribution was not symmetrical, suggesting that there was a high possibility of publication bias and small sample effect. Conclusions:SOFA score had the best prognostic performance in predicting mortality of patients with infection or suspected infection as compared with qSOFA score and SIRS score. However, the funnel plot showed that included literatures may exist small sample effects or publication bias. So the final results should be validated by more prospective studies with multicenters and large samples.

Objective To investigate the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on retinal synaptic plasticity of diabetic mellitus rat and its underlying mechanisms.Methods A total of 24 clean SD male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n =8),and they were control group,diabetic group and treatment group.In the latter two groups,a model of diabetic rats was induced by streptozotocin,and then the rats of treatment group were injected intraperitoneally 800 U · kg-1 NGF once a day after the model was induced successfully.Both control group and diabetic group were given the same amount of normal saline.Twelve weeks later,MDA content and SOD activity were detected;meanwhile,the expression of retinal synaptophysin was detected by immunofluorescence,and the expressions of retina synaptophysin and Caspase-3 were detected by Western blot.Results The difference of MDA content in the three groups was statistically significant (F =85.46,P ＜ 0.01);and the content of MDA in the diabetic group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜0.01),while its content in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the diabetic group (P ＜0.01).The difference of SOD activity in the three groups was statistically significant (F =17.76,P ＜0.01);and the SOD activity in the diabetic group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜0.01),while its activity in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the diabetic group (P ＜0.01).The difference of immunofluorescence intensity of synaptophysin in the three groups was statistically significant (F =395.42,P ＜ 0.01);immunofluorescence intensity of synaptophysin in the diabetic group was attenuated compared with the control group (P ＜0.01),while the intensity in the treatment group was enhanced compared with the diabetic group(P ＜0.01).The difference of the relative expression of synaptophysin in the three groups was statistically significant (F =17.27,P ＜ 0.01);and the expression of synaptophysin in the diabetic group was significantly downregulated compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.01),while its expression in the treatment group was upregulated compared with the diabetic group (P ＜ 0.01).The difference of relative expression of Caspase 3 protein in the three groups was statistically significant (F=217.13,P ＜0.01);and the expression level of Caspase 3 in the diabetic group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜0.01),while its level in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the diabetic group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion NGF can help to inhibit the apoptosis of retinal cell,restore the number of retina synapse by reducing the oxidative stress in diabetic retina,which suggests that NGF may be involved in the changes of synaptic plasticity in diabetic retina via oxidative stress pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of inhibiting NgR on retinal ganglion cells density and synaptophysin expression of diabetic rat.Methods Thirty-two SD male rats were randomly divided into normal control group,diabetic group,siNgR group and scNgR group,8 rats in each group.Normal control group was given no any treatment.Diabetes model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg · kg-1 streptozotocin in diabetic group,siNgR group and scNgR group,and the blood giucose more than 16.7 mmol · L-1 at 72 hours was set as the successfully model.The rats of siNgR group were intravitreally administrated with anti-NgR nucleotide and the rats of scNgR group intravitreally administrated with negative nucleotide.Eight weeks later,HE staining was conducted to detect density of retinal ganglion cell (RGC),immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the expression and distribution of synaptophysin (a marker of synaptic number).Relative expression of NgR and synaptophysin in retina were analyzed by Western blot.Results RGC density in normal control group,diabetes group,siNgR group and scNgR group were (624.33 ± 3.51) mm-2,(420.00 ± 2.65) mm-2,(621.67 ± 1.53) mm-2,(416.67 ± 2.52) mm-2,respectively.There was significant difference among four groups (F =5985.37,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with normal control group,RGC density in diabetes group and scNgR group were obviously decreased (all P ＜0.01),but siNgR group had no obviously change (P ＞ 0.05).The synaptophysin mainly expressed in the inner and outer network layer.Compared with normal control group,the positive expression of synaptophysin in diabetes group and scNgR group were decreased,but siNgR group had no obviously change.The relative expression of NgR in normal control group,diabetes group,siNgR group and scNgR group were (11.26 ±0.02) ％,(19.38 ± 0.10) ％,(11.17 ± 0.02) ％,(19.47 ± 0.31) ％,respectively.There was significant difference among four groups (F =2466.09,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with normal control group,the relative expression of NgR in diabetes group and scNgR group were obviously decreased (all P ＜ 0.01),but siNgR group had no obviously change (P ＞0.05).The relative expression of synaptophysin in normal control group,diabetes group,siNgR group and scNgR group were (35.76 ± 0.15) ％,(25.47 ± 0.36) ％,(35.28 ± 0.12) ％,(25.03 ± 0.75) ％,respectively.There was significant difference among four groups (F =583.70,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the normal control group,the expression of synaptophysin in diabetic group and scNgR group were decreased increased (all P ＜ 0.01),while there was no significant difference in siNgR group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Inhibiting the expression of NgR in the retina of diabetic rats can help to restore the number of synapses and protect the damaged RGC.

Objective: To understand the viral etiology of a clustered case of human infection outbreak in the middle school of Huai’an city. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swab samples from patients were collected and rapidly detected by Real-time RT-PCR and the target virus isolated in cells. Furthermore, HA1 segments of target virus were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The genetic and phylogenetic analysis based on HA1 genes was computed. Results: Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral nucleic acid in 11 nasopharyngeal swab samples from patients in the outbreak were positive. Compared to the vaccine strains A/California/07/2009, the Huai’an isolates, nucleotide identity was 97.7%-98.1%, and amino acid identity was 96.6%-97.4%. Phylogenetic analysis of HA1 segment sequences indicated that the Huai’an strains from the outbreak were related closely to the viruses isolated in the year of 2014. Sequence analysis indicated that the Huai’an isolates had no amino acid substitution in the receptor binding sites and glycosylation sites, while in the Ca1 of antigenic determinant of HA1 the Huai’an isolates had an amino acid substitution of S for T at 220. Conclusions The pathogen of the clustered case of human infection was Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Though the Huai’an isolates had one animo acid substitution in the Ca1 of antigenic determinant, the antigenicity characteristic remained unchanged.

BACKGROUND:Breviscapine treatment of cerebral infarction has curative effects, few side effects, stable long-term efficacy and few side effects, which can improve the micro-environment of damaged central nervous system after cerebral infarction.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of breviscapine injection combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on neurological recovery and growth-associated protein 43 expression in rats after cerebral infarction.
METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing middle cerebral artery occlusion were randomized into cerebral infarction group, cel transplantation group and combined group. At 6 hours after modeling, 1 mL PBS, 1 mL bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel suspension (2.5×106), and 1 mL bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel suspension (2.5×106)+75 mg/kg breviscapine injection were respectively injected via the tail vein in the three groups, once a day, continuously for 5 days.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 2 weeks after transplantation, BrdU-positive bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were mainly gathered in the peri-infarction region, and the number of positive cels was higher in the combined group than the other two groups (P < 0.01). At 1, 2, 3 weeks after transplantation, the neurological deficit scores were significantly lower in the combined group than the other two groups (P < 0.05). At 2 weeks after transplantation, the combined group had smaler infarct size, milder edema, and higher expression of growth-associated protein 43 as compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). Under light microscope, glial cels proliferated dramaticaly and brain edema significantly reduced in the combined group. These findings indicate that breviscapine injection combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can significantly reduce infarct size and brain edema, promote neurological recovery and increase the expression of growth-associated protein 43 in rats with cerebral infarction.