ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

Objective: To uncover the underlying mechanisms of action of the Yinlai decoction on high-calorie diet-induced pneumonia through proteomics analysis. Methods: Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, lung tissue samples from normal and high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice in the GSE16377 dataset were selected as test cohorts to identify differentially expressed genes and conduct bioinformatics analyses. In the animal experiments, mice were randomly divided into the control (N), high-calorie diet pneumonia (M), and Yinlai decoction treatment (Y) groups. Mice in the M group received high-calorie feed and a 0.5 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide solution spray for 30 min for 3 d. The mice in the Y group were intragastrically administered 2 mL/10 g Yinlai decoction twice daily for 3 d. Pathological evaluation of the lung tissue was performed. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the lung tissue were identified using quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses. The drug-target relationships between Yinlai decoction and core DEPs in the lung tissue were verified using AutoDock Vina and Molecular Graphics Laboratory (MGL) Tools. DEPs were verified by western blot. Results: GEO data mining showed that an HFD altered oxidative phosphorylation in mouse lung tissue. The Yinlai decoction alleviated pathological damage to lung tissue and pneumonia in mice that were fed a high-calorie diet. A total of 47 DEPs were identified between the Y and M groups. Enrichment analysis revealed their association with energy metabolism pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation. The protein-protein interaction network revealed that Atp5a1, Pdha1, and Sdha were the target proteins mediating the therapeutic effects of Yinlai decoction. Molecular docking results suggested that the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of Yinlai decoction involves the binding of brassinolide, praeruptorin B, chrysoeriol, and other components in Yinlai decoction to Atp5a1. Conclusion The Yinlai decoction alleviated lung tissue damage and pneumonia in mice that were fed a high-calorie diet by regulating the TCA and oxidative phosphorylation. Our study highlights the importance of a healthy diet for patients with pneumonia and provides a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia through dietary adjustments.

Objective:To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of early renal function injury in chronic kidney disease(CKD) in the elderly.Methods:A retrospective cohort was established based on health check-up data of 4 495 elderly residents in Mengzi City, Yunnan Province from January 2016 to December 2018. The medial history, living habits, and related physical examination information were collected. Cox hazard regression model was used to explore the association between metabolic syndrome, along with its components, and the early renal function injury in CKD. Results:The median age of the elderly was 71.00(67.00, 75.00) years, with metabolic syndrome detection rate of 21.98%. Early renal function injury of CKD developed in 1 300(28.92%) subjects during the follow-up. Univariate Cox regression showed that the number of metabolic syndrome components was associated with the risk of early kidney development in CKD. The HRs were 1.23 (95% CI 1.03-1.47, P=0.022) with 1 component, 1.54 (95% CI 1.28-1.84, P<0.001) with 2, and 1.38 (95% CI 1.14-1.67, P<0.001) with 3 or more. Multivariate Cox regression showed that elevated fasting triglycerides( HR=1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.36, P=0.003) and lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C; HR=1.25, 95% CI 1.09-1.43, P=0.002) were risk factors for early kidney injury in CKD, while doing some physical activity( HR=0.57, 95% CI 0.33-0.98, P=0.042), or on daily basis( HR=0.57, 95% CI 0.49-0.66, P<0.001) was a protective factor for early kidney injury in CKD. Conclusion:The abnormality of one or more metabolic components can significantly increase the risk of early kidney injury in the elderly with CKD. Elevated triglyceride and decreased HDL-C may be the risk factors.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of E. coli peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) and the risk factors for its occurrence and treatment failure.Methods:The clinical data of patients with episodes of PDAP in four general hospitals in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. According to the pathogenic bacteria, the patients were divided into E. coli and non- E. coli groups. The incidence of E. coli PDAP in the last seven years was calculated and the clinical characteristics were compared between two PDAP groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for the occurrence and treatment failure of E. coli PDAP. Results:A total of 693 PDAP episodes/cases were enrolled in this study, including 100 episodes/cases in the E. coli group and 593 episodes/cases in the non- E. coli group. The incidence rate of E. coli PDAP in the four hospitals showed a decreasing trend during 2013 to 2019. Compared with the non-E.coli group, the proportion of diabetic patients and the average blood albumin levels in the E. coli group were lower ( χ2=5.006, Z=-2.992, P<0.05), while the proportion of refractory peritonitis was higher, and the duration of antibiotic therapy was longer ( χ2=6.350, Z=-2.779, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that history of PDAP ( OR=1.577, 95% CI: 1.015-2.448) and low baseline serum albumin level ( OR=0.958, 95% CI: 0.923-0.995) were independent risk factors for the development of E. coli PDAP, while concomitant diabetes was an independent protective factor for E. coli PDAP ( OR=0.538, 95% CI: 0.330-0.876). Moreover, long-term dialysis was an independent risk factor for treatment failure of E. coli PDAP ( OR=1.047, 95% CI: 1.018-1.076). Conclusion:The incidence rate of E. coli PDAP in study institutions has declined in the past 7 years, but the rate of refractory PDAP is still high. The history of PDAP and low blood albumin level are independent risk factors for the occurrence of E. coli PDAP, while concomitant diabetes is an independent protective factor for the occurrence of E. coli PDAP. Long-term dialysis is an independent risk factor for treatment failure of E. coli PDAP.

Objective: To search for specific metabolites in the lungs of pneumonia rats fed with a high-calorie diet, as well as explore the changes in the lung metabolites of young rats treated with Yinlai Decoction (YD) and its effects on inflammation-related metabolic pathways.Methods: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and a special high-calorie diet were used to induce Sprague Dawley (SD) rats to simulate the intestinal state of infant pneumonia. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology (LC-MS/MS) was used to detect metabolites in each group. Supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model values were used for the detection results to find the differential metabolites. The metabolic pathways that are involved with the differential metabolites were clarified through enrichment analysis and topological analysis. Finally, the T cell receptor signaling pathway (TCR) signal conversion was analyzed by the network pharmacology method. Results: In the high-calorie diet combined with pneumonia group (M3), a total of 55 metabolites were determined to be different from the normal group (N). A total of 36 metabolites were determined to be different from those in the lung metabolites of the YD treatment group (T1). YD had a regulatory effect on glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, ascorbic acid and aldehyde metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism. And the small molecule metabolites could act on the FYN and lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) target proteins in the TCR signaling pathway, thereby affecting the immune function of the lungs. Conclusion: A high-calorie diet can cause abnormal sphingolipid metabolism in the lungs of young rats, thereby creating chronic lung inflammation in young rats. YD has a beneficial effect when used to treat young rats with LPS-induced pneumonia fed on high-calorie diets. Its mechanisms of action may affect the body's immune pathways by regulating the oxidative stress pathway affected by glutathione metabolism.

Members of the proto-oncogene superfamily are indispensable molecular switches that play critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. Recent studies have attempted to prevent the interaction of RAS/GTP with RAS guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), impair RAS-effector interactions, and suppress RAS localization to prevent oncogenic signalling. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the natural triterpenoic acid inhibitor glycyrrhetinic acid, which is isolated from the roots of plant species, on RAS stability. We found that glycyrrhetinic acid may bind to the P-loop of RAS and alter its stability. Based on our biochemical tests and structural analysis results, glycyrrhetinic acid induced a conformational change in RAS. Meanwhile, glycyrrhetinic acid abolishes the function of RAS by interfering with the effector protein RAF kinase activation and RAS/MAPK signalling.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex metabolic disorder related to several diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension and dyslipidemia. These diseases are all independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Lipid metabolism disorder has toxic effects on cells and may cause or aggravate IR in performance of elevated plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA), the last one is an independent risk factor for IR. It has been clear that FFA may induce IR by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation, although the specific mechanisms remained unknown. The present paper summarizes the related molecules involved in the pathogenic process of IR and its mechanism, might provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of IR caused by FFA, and therapeutic reference for clinical treatment of IR and prevention of T2DM.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of transthyretin (TTR) from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA). Methods 58 patients with ERA , 34 patients with later RA (LRA) and 34 healthy control (HC) were included in the research. TTR was analyzed by ELISA, whose variance was analyzed. TTR density, disease activity score28 (DAS28) score and rheumatoid factor (RF) were tested, and their correlation with TTR was analyzed. Results Serum level of TTR with ERA significantly increased compared with that with LRA and HC (P < 0.05), no statistical significance with LRA group and HC. TTR level was no correlation with the number of swelling and tender joints, disease activity score 28, RF, ESR, CRP, anti-cyclic citrylinated peptide antibody and anti-keratin antibodies, hemoglobin, thrombocyte and albumin. Conclusion Serum level of TTR significantly increased with ERA patients, contributing to early diagnosis for RA.

Objective To observe the effect of the three active ingredients of a Chinese traditional medicine compound named Kang Fu Ling( KFL) against PC12 cells oxidative damage induced by microwave radiation.Methods PC12 cells were differentiated into neuros induced by nerve growth factor ( NGF ) .PC12 cells were incubated for 48 hours after astragalosides,total paeony glycoside and tanshinones were added at different concentrations (1, 3, or 9 μg/ml) .The cells in the control group were cultivated with the only medium of the same volume.Then, cells were irradiated with 30 mW/cm2 microwave for 6 minutes.The morphology of PC12 cells was observed under an inverted microscope soon before and after irradiation and the cell viability was measured by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) colorimetry.Reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) was determined using active oxygen probe 2′, 7′-dichlorodihyarofluolescen diacetde ( DCFH-DA ) while malonyldialdehyde(MDA) was measured in the homogenate of PC12 cells through thiobarbituric acid ( TBA) reactive substance assay.Results The cell morphology of each group showed no obvious difference.6 h after irradiation, the viability of irradiation control group measured by MTT declined apparently(P<0.01)compared with the normal control group.The 3 μg/ml astragalosides treatment group increased the viability of PC12 cells after microwave exposure ( P <0.01).The contents of ROS and MDA were increased after irradiation(P<0.01).However, in the three active ingredients of Kang Fu Ling treatment groups, both ROS and MDA were much lower than in irradiation control group.Conclusion Astragalosides, total paeony glycoside and tanshinones, which are the three active ingredients of Kang Fu Ling, all have protective effect against PC12 cell injury caused by microwave radiation,possibly by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress injury.