【Objective】 To investigate the expressions of containing CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain gene 6 (CMTM6) and ras protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) in prostate cancer tissues, and to analyze the relationships between the above factors and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of prostate cancer patients. 【Methods】 The prostate cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 80 prostate cancer patients admitted to Zhumadian City Center Hospital during Feb.2018 and Feb.2020 were collected.Expressions of CMTM6 and RASAL2 were detected with immunohistochemical method.The relationship between the expressions of CMTM6 and RASAL2 and the clinical pathological characteristics of prostate cancer were analyzed.The survival curve was plotted with Kaplan-Meier method.The prognostic factors were analyzed with multivariate Cox regression. 【Results】 The positive expression rate of CMTM6 in prostate cancer tissues was 67.50%, which was obviously higher than 38.75% in adjacent tissues (χ²=13.277, P<0.001).The positive expression rate of RASAL2 in prostate cancer tissues was 47.50%, which was obviously lower than 73.75% in adjacent tissues (χ²=11.546, P=0.001).The expressions of CMTM6 and RASAL2 were not related to patients’ age, tumor size and tissue differentiation (P>0.05), but to TNM staging, Gleason score, lymph node metastasis and preoperative PSA level (P<0.05).Survival curve showed that the 3-year survival rate of positive CMTM6 expression patients was 61.11% (33/54), which was obviously lower than that of negative patients, which was 88.46% (23/26) (χ²=5.940, P=0.015).The 3-year survival rate of positive RASAL2 expression patients was 81.85% (31/38), which was obviously higher than that of negative patients, which was 59.52% (25/42) (χ²=4.887, P=0.027).Cox multivariate regression showed that Gleason score, lymph node metastasis, preoperative PSA level, CMTM6, and RASAL2 were independent influencing factors of prognosis (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The positive expression rate of CMTM6 in prostate cancer tissues is significantly higher than that in paracancer tissues, while the positive expression rate of RASAL2 in prostate cancer tissues is significantly lower than that in paracancer tissues. Both CMTM6 and RASAL2 are closely related to the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of prostate cancer patients, and may provide reference for the prognosis.

Objective:The investigation and research on the application status of Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient (HVPG) is very important to understand the real situation and future development of this technology in China.Methods:This study comprehensively investigated the basic situation of HVPG technology in China, including hospital distribution, hospital level, annual number of cases, catheters used, average cost, indications and existing problems.Results:According to the survey, there were 70 hospitals in China carrying out HVPG technology in 2021, distributed in 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central Government). A total of 4 398 cases of HVPG were performed in all the surveyed hospitals in 2021, of which 2 291 cases (52.1%) were tested by HVPG alone. The average cost of HVPG detection was (5 617.2±2 079.4) yuan. 96.3% of the teams completed HVPG detection with balloon method, and most of the teams used thrombectomy balloon catheter (80.3%).Conclusion:Through this investigation, the status of domestic clinical application of HVPG has been clarified, and it has been confirmed that many domestic medical institutions have mastered this technology, but it still needs to continue to promote and popularize HVPG technology in the future.

Liver injuries are the most common pediatric blunt abdominal injury, which is also the leading cause of trauma death in children.Currently, the severity of liver injuries has been universally classified according to criteria proposed by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST). Within the past three decades, the management of liver injuries has evolved from obligatory operation to non-operative management in over 90% of cases.Moreover, the diagnosis and treatment of liver injuries in children is slightly different from that of adults because of special physiological and anatomical characteristics of children.Based on the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of liver injuries, this study reviewed the development of children′s liver injuries, current diagnosis and treatment prospects and long-term treatment results in the combination with the physiological characteristics of children′s liver, aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment, reduce mortality and complications of liver injuries in children.

Objective To study the use of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive infantile cholestasis.Methods The clinical data of 106 patients with obstructive infantile cholestasis from January 2012 to June 2017 were studied retrospectively.After two weeks of conservative treatments which failed to decrease the bilirubin levels significantly,these patients were subjected to laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment.Results A correct diagnosis was established in all these 106 patients by laparoscopic biliary tract exploration and cholangiography.Eighty-eight patients were diagnosed to have biliary atresia (83.0％),16 patients inspissated bile syndrome (15.1％) and 2 patients biliary hypoplasia (1.9％).Thirty-eight of the 88 biliary atresia patients gave up operative treatment after laparoscopic biliary tract exploration and cholangiography.The remaining 50 biliary atresia patients were treated with open Kasai portoenterostomy.The prognosis of the biliary atresia patients were different from the non-biliary atresia patients.On follow-up for 4 months to 5 years,all the 18 non-biliary atresia patients were in good condition and there was no recurrence of jaundice after laparoscopic cholecystostomy and biliary tract irrigation.Conclusions The laparoscopic minimally invasive technique helped to establish diagnosis and treatment in patients with obstructive infantile cholestasis.For patients with biliary atresia,this procedure gave a definitive diagnosis and offered an opportunity for surgery.For patients with inspissated bile syndrome and biliary hypoplasia patients,laparoscopic cholecystostomy and biliary tract irrigation established the correct diagnosis and reduced liver damage resulted by cholestasis.

[Objective]To compare the differences of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)and multiple sclerosis (MS) on pregnancy ,and analyze the mutual impact of pregnancy on the diseases.[Methods]Prospectively collected clinical information of 235 NMOSD patients and 125 MS patients ,including the annualized relapse rate (ARR),the Expanded Disability Status Scale(EDSS)and pregnancy outcomes. 70 NMOSD patients and 30 MS patients were screened out as information patients. The ARR and EDSS score in two groups were compared during the year before pregnancy,during pregnancy and after 1 year postpartum, respectively. 50 cases of normal pregnant women for the same period as the control group ,then to compared the difference of three groups on pregnancy outcomes.[Results]Attacks occurring during pregnancy or one year after childbirth/abortion in NMOSD and MS were 53.25%(41/77)and 20.00%(7/35)(P=0.001);The ARR during the first 3 months postpartum periods of NMOSD and MS group(2.65,2.51)was significantly higher than during the year before pregnancy(0.27,0.49,P < 0.001)and during pregnancy (0.32,0.2,P<0.001);The EDSS score of two groups increased after 1 year postpartum(3.06 ± 2.16,2.19 ± 1.28)than that during the year before pregnancy(1.58 ± 0.48,1.92 ± 1.29,P < 0.001)and during pregnancy(1.92 ± 1.35,1.67 ± 0.70,P < 0.001). There was no difference on ARR and EDSS score between NMOSD and MS group. NMOSD ,MS and normal control group had no dif?ference on pregnancy outcomes and neonatal weight.[Conclusions]Compared with MS,the attack of NMOSD had more closer relation?ship with pregnancy;both NMOSD and MS would increase the risk of disease relapsing and disability after pregnancy;the diseases had no effect on pregnancy outcomes.

Objective To identify the relationship between among TCM constitutions, related genes and risk factors of gastric cancer.Methods A total of 91 healthy population were recruided, among whom 29 were Qi-deficiency, 23 were Yang-deficiency, 26 were Wetness-heat type and 13 were Gentleness type. The dietary habit, family cancer history and Helicobacter pylori infection was selected as the risk factor for gastric cancer. TheTP53RS1042522 and IL1BRS1143634 were detected by the technology of high throughput gene microarray in our study. Statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS21.0 for windows.Results There was no significant difference in the dietary habit and family cancer history among four groups. The population with Helicobacter pylori infection showed high propotion in the group of wetness-heat type constitution (32.56%, P<0.05). The frequency of G allele of TP53RS1042522 in the groups of four TCM constitutions were 75.86%, 82.61%, 84.62%, 53.85%. The group of wetness-heat type constitution showed significantly more related with the polymorphism than the group of Gentleness type constitution (OR=0.212, 95%CI: 0.046-0.974,P=0.046). The frequency of C allele of IL1BRS1143634 the groups of four TCM constitutions were 75.86%, 82.61%, 76.92%, 69.23%. This polymorphism was not statistically significant associated with any constitutions. ConclusionWetness-heat type constitution showed high correlation with Helicobacter pylori infection and G allele of TP53RS1042522.

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine salvianolate combined with alprostadil and reduced glutathione on delay of progression in patients with acute kidney injury has been confirmed, but the role of this combination therapy on the progression of chronic renal failure is uncertain.

Objective To establish a flow cytometric measurement of detecting minimal residual disease(MRD) according to the leukemia-associated immunophenotypes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and to explore the significance of MRD detection in ALL children for a individualized treatment. Methods A variety of four-color fluorescent antibody combinations were used to investigate the children's normal bone marrow. The normal bone marrow pattern at two-parameter plots was established to identify the residual tumor cells, seventy-five bone marrow samples from newly diagnosed ALL children were analyzed with four-color cytometry to determined the optimal combinations which can clearly distinguish the tumor cells from normal cells. The bone marrow samples were monitored with the combination panel in 60 patients at the end of induction therapy and follow-up treatment. Cytomorphology test, PCR amplification of 29 fusion genes as well as IgG and TCR gene rearrangements were performed simultaneously. Results Sixty-nine cases (92.0%) could be identified for effective antibody combinations to monitor MRD by four-color cytometry. Fusion genes or IgG and T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements can be detected in 21 cases (28.0%) to monitor MRD by PCR. No MRD can be detected in 25 bone marrow samples at the end of induction therapy and follow-up treatment. Four-color cytometry could detect as low as 0.021%-4.130% residual leukemia cells. Conclusion MRD can be monitored by flow cytometry which is faster than PCR, and the sensitivity is superior to morphology method.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-tumor effect of bufalin and its regulation on Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in orthotopically transplanted tumor of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. METHODS: Orthotopically transplanted tumor of human hepatocellular carcinoma was established in nude mice. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: high-dose bufalin-treated group (1.5 mg/kg), medium-dose bufalin-treated group (1 mg/kg), low-dose bufalin-treated group (0.5 mg/kg), adriamycin-treated group (8.0 mg/kg), and normal saline-treated group. After 25 days, mice were sacrificed. The tumor volume was measured, and the pathological changes of tumor tissues were detected by HE staining to observe the tumor necrosis degree. Cell morphological changes were also observed by an electron microscopy. Label index of tumor cell apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were determined by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: The tumor volume in the bufalin-treated groups was shrunk significantly compared with that in the normal saline-treated group (P<0.01). The survival time of the bufalin-treated groups was prolonged compared with that of the adriamycin-treated group and the normal saline-treated group P<0.05. Apoptotic characteristics could be seen in tumor tissues of the bufalin-treated groups. The label index of tumor cell apoptosis in the bufalin-treated groups (5.87+/-2.13, 8.86+/-2.96 and 10.60+/-3.42 in low-, medium- and high-dose groups respectively) was higher than that in the adriamycin-treated group (3.28+/-0.98) (P<0.05, P<0.01). The expression of Bax was up-regulated, while no changes were detected as to Bcl-2 protein in tumors of the bufalin-treated groups. CONCLUSION: Bufalin has significant anti-tumor effect on the orthotopically transplanted tumor of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. Its effect might be related to up-regulation of Bax protein and inducement of the tumor cell apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ginsenosides (GSS) extracted from ginseng stem and leaves on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in different viscera in heat-damaged rats, and to find out its action mechanism. METHODS: Thirty-two male SD rats were divided into control group and experimental group, and fed 2 mg/d GSS and equal-quantity of distilled water respectively for 7 days. Eight rats of each group were exposed to (42+/-1) degrees C for one hour. The binding activities of GR in brain, thymus, lung and liver cytosols in rats were detected by radioligand binding assay. The expression levels of GR mRNA in brain and liver cytosols were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone (CS) concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The binding activities of GR in brain, lung and liver cytosols, and the expression levels of GR mRNA in brain and liver cytosols were all higher in the GSS-treated and heat-damaged rats than those in the untreated heat-damaged rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of ACTH and CS between the GSS-treated heat-damaged rats and the untreated heat-damaged rats. CONCLUSION: GSS can lessen the descending degree of the binding activity of GR in brain, thymus, lung and liver cytosols, and such efficacy of GSS may be related to improvement of the expression of GR mRNA.