Objective To screen the distribution frequency of Mur blood group among voluntary blood donors in Hezhou,Guangxi,and further analyze the molecular basis of of Mur antigen positive samples.Methods The Mur pheno-type of voluntary blood donors in Hezhou was serologically screened using microplate method,and the distribution frequency of Mur antigens in different ethnic groups was analyzed.Genetic typing was performed on these positive samples with PCR-SSP method to verify the accuracy of the serological method,and the genetic background was sequenced and analyzed.Re-sults Among 3 298 samples from voluntary blood donors in Hezhou,432(13.10%,432/3 298)were screened positive for Mur antigen,and PCR-SSP genotyping validation showed that all 432 samples were electrophoretic positive.Among them,the proportion of Han blood donors with positive Mur antigen was12.79%(331/2 587),Yao ethnic group was13.25%(64/483),Zhuang ethnic group was 16.51%(36/218),and no statistically significant difference was found in the three groups(P＞0.05).Further sequencing results showed that 428 samples were GYP(B-A-B)Mur,also known as GYP.Mur type(12.98%,428/3 298),the other 4 samples were GYP(B-A-B)Bun,also known as GYP.Bun type(0.12%,4/3 298).Conclusion The Mur blood type frequency is high in the voluntary blood donors in Hezhou,Guangxi,and is predominant characterized by GYP.Mur genotype.Due to ethnic integration,no significant difference was noticed in the frequency of Mur blood type distribution between Han,Zhuang and Yao population.Therefore,conducting extensive Mur blood group antigen and antibody testing in Hezhou is of great significance for ensuring clinical blood transfusion safety.

Objective:To explore the differences in clinical and injured vertebra radiological parameters between patients with non-traumatic osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) and those with traumatic OVCF after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 369 OVCF patients (with 458 vertebrae injured) who had been treated by PVP at Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Luhe Hospital between October 2015 and March 2017. There were 292 females and 77 males with a mean age of 73 (60, 79) years. Based on the absence or presence of a trauma history, the patients were stratified into a non-traumatic group (127 patients with 160 vertebrae injured) and a traumatic group (242 patients with 298 vertebrae injured). Clinical parameters [age, gender, body mass index, symptomatic duration, and number of injured vertebrae, visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), duration of follow-up, and rate of new OVCFs] and injured vertebra radiological parameters (position of injured vertebra, fracture type, compression severity, fracture range, cortical defect, intravertebral cleft, spinal canal compromise, basivertebral foramen, morphology of bone cement, range of bone cement, cement leakage, cement volume, rate of vertebral height restoration, recollapse of cemented vertebrae) were recorded perioperatively. All the clinical and radiological parameters were compared between the 2 groups.Results:Compared with the traumatic group, the non-traumatic group had an older age [75 (71, 83) years versus 71 (65, 76) years], more females (85.0% versus 76.0%), a longer symptomatic duration [10.0 (7.0, 15.0) d versus 6.5 (2.0, 12.0) d], a lower preoperative VAS pain score [7 (6, 8) points versus 7 (7, 8) points], a lower VAS pain score at postoperative day 1 [2 (2, 3) points versus 2 (2, 3) points], a lower preoperative ODI [66% (63%, 72%) versus 70% (65%, 73 %)], a lower ODI at postoperative day 1 [32% (30%, 34%) versus 32% (31%, 34%)], a higher rate of new OVCFs during follow-up (34.6% versus 12.8%), a lower rate of thoracolumbar lesions (51.9% versus 70.1%), more deformed fractures (mostly amphicoelous type), a lower rate of cortical defects in the anterior wall (20.0% versus 31.5%), a higher rate of trabecular pattern of cement (83.1% versus 71.8%), a higher rate of type-B cement leakage (50.6% versus 31.9%), a lower rate of type-C cement leakage (5.6% versus 12.8%), a lower rate of recollapse of cemented vertebrae (43.8% versus 55.4%). All the comparisons above were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the other clinical or radiological parameters ( P>0.05). Conclusions:There are statistically significant differences in a significant number of clinical and injured vertebra radiological parameters between patients with non-traumatic OVCF and those with traumatic OVCF after PVP. It is noteworthy that non-traumatic OVCFs are one specific subgroup of OVCFs.

Percutaneous vertebral augmentation, including percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty, has been considered as an effective and safe option in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The fractured vertebrae were strengthened by the bone cement injected, thus reducing the symptoms related to fracture. Bone cement injected intraoperatively can be divided into extraspinal (leakage) and intraspinal part, depending on its final location. The former may lead to pulmonary embolism, spinal cord or nerve injury, or some other sequelae; the latter may closely relate to the clinical outcome, radiological outcomes, surgical complications and biomechanical properties. To date, there were a large number of studies on term of the distribution type of bone cement. However, the classification criteria varied and there was lack of literature review on this issue. According to the literature reviewed, the distribution type of bone cement was a critical parameter in percutaneous vertebral augmentation; most classification systems were based on the postoperative X-ray, some based on the postoperative CT, and only a few based on postoperative MRI; in different classification systems, criteria on bone cement morphology tends to be consistent, however, criteria on bone cement range tends to be inconsistent, consistency, similarity and controversy all exited among conclusions between various studies on the morphology and range of bone cement; any single classification system can not describe the distribution of bone cement thoroughly. In this study, classification systems were reviewed, clinical significance and biomechanical conclusions of different classification systems were documented, and the reliability and limitations of classification systems were summarized, hence providing an insight for further research on classifications of the bone cement distribution.

Objective:To identify risk factors for cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for Kümmell disease.Methods:A total of 309 patients (351 levels) with Kümmell disease who underwent PVP between November 2015 and June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, time of symptom onset, staging of Kümmell disease, fracture site(thoracic, lumbar), cortical disruption, type of fracture (wedge, biconcave, crush), fracture severity (mild, moderate, severe), intrusion of posterior wall, basivertebral foramen, puncture approach (unilateral, bilateral), cement distribution pattern (lumped, spongy), cement volume, cement leakage (yes, no) and cement leakage type were recorded. Cement leakage was classified into three types: through the basivertebral vein, through the cortical defect, and through the segmental vein. The data was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis to determine related factors of cement leakage in general and each type.Results:The rate of overall leakage was 65.8% (231/351). The leakage rate of basivertebral vein type, cortical defect type, and segmental vein type was 21.4% (75/351), 37.6% (132/351) and 22.8% (80/351), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that three significant factors related to leakage in general were cortical disruption, basivertebral foramen and cement distribution pattern. Significant factors related to basivertebral vein type leakage were basivertebral foramen and cement distribution pattern. Significant factors related to cortical defect type leakage were cortical disruption and cement distribution pattern. Significant factors related to segmental vein type leakage were basivertebral foramen, cement distribution pattern, cement volume and fracture site.Conclusion:Risk factors of cement leakage in PVP for Kümmell disease include cortical disruption, basivertebral foramen and cement distribution pattern.

Objective To explore the mid? to long?term effect of Wallis interspinous dynamic stabilization system on the adjacent segment degeneration? Methods From March 2009 to June 2010, in Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 24 patients with L4?5 monosegmental lumbar disc herniation were treated with posterior lumbar decompression combined with Wallis interspinous dynamic fixation? Clinical outcomes were evaluated with visual analogue score ( VAS ) ( back pain) , VAS ( leg pain) and oswestry disability index ( ODI) score? Intervertebral disc height ( IDH) and range of motion ( ROM ) of the upper and lower adjacent segments were measured on X?ray? The degneration of lumbar intervertebral disc was evaluated on MRI? paired?t test was used to compare preoperative VAS, ODI, IDH, ROM and the degeneration of lumbar intervertebral disc with those at the final follow?up? Results Twenty patients had a mean follow?up time of ( 65?2 ± 4?7 ) months? At the final follow?up, VAS ( back pain) , VAS ( leg pain) and ODI showed significant improvement ( all P<0?01)? At the final follow?up, IDH of the upper and lower adjacent segment showed no significant difference compared with those preoperatively ( P>0?05);ROM of the upper adjacent segment increased ( P<0?05) , while ROM of the lower adjacent segment did not change significantly compared with that preoperatively ( P>0?05)? The degeneration of intervertebral discs at the upper and lower segments showed no significant changes at the final follow?up (P>0?05)? Conclusions Posterior decompression combined with Wallis interspinous dynamic stabilization system for monosegmental lumbar disc herniation can achieve satisfactory clinical results? More than five years′follow?up confirmed that the Wallis system will not accelerate adjacent segment degeneration.

Objective To explore the mid? to long?term effect of Wallis interspinous dynamic stabilization system on the adjacent segment degeneration? Methods From March 2009 to June 2010, in Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 24 patients with L4?5 monosegmental lumbar disc herniation were treated with posterior lumbar decompression combined with Wallis interspinous dynamic fixation? Clinical outcomes were evaluated with visual analogue score ( VAS ) ( back pain) , VAS ( leg pain) and oswestry disability index ( ODI) score? Intervertebral disc height ( IDH) and range of motion ( ROM ) of the upper and lower adjacent segments were measured on X?ray? The degneration of lumbar intervertebral disc was evaluated on MRI? paired?t test was used to compare preoperative VAS, ODI, IDH, ROM and the degeneration of lumbar intervertebral disc with those at the final follow?up? Results Twenty patients had a mean follow?up time of ( 65?2 ± 4?7 ) months? At the final follow?up, VAS ( back pain) , VAS ( leg pain) and ODI showed significant improvement ( all P<0?01)? At the final follow?up, IDH of the upper and lower adjacent segment showed no significant difference compared with those preoperatively ( P>0?05);ROM of the upper adjacent segment increased ( P<0?05) , while ROM of the lower adjacent segment did not change significantly compared with that preoperatively ( P>0?05)? The degeneration of intervertebral discs at the upper and lower segments showed no significant changes at the final follow?up (P>0?05)? Conclusions Posterior decompression combined with Wallis interspinous dynamic stabilization system for monosegmental lumbar disc herniation can achieve satisfactory clinical results? More than five years′follow?up confirmed that the Wallis system will not accelerate adjacent segment degeneration.

OBJECTIVETo discuss radiological characteristics and clinical manifestation of isolated lumbar foraminal stenosis.

METHODSFrom March 2011 to March 2014, 21 patients with isolated degenerative lumbar foraminal stenosis accepted lumbar decompression and fusion in Beijing Luhe Hospital. Intervertebral disc space was evaluated by measuring the position of joint-body line on preoperative X-ray. Bilateral foraminal area of the corresponding segment in CT (sagittal view of 2D reconstruction) and MRI (T2W1 sagittal view) were measured by Surgimap software. For patients with unilateral symptoms, foraminal area of the affected side was compared with that of the contralateral side. Foraminal area of the same segment on CT was also compared with that on MRI. Preoperatively and at the final follow-up, visual analogue score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate clinical outcomes.

RESULTSAll patients had a follow-up over 6 months and the average follow-up was 16.8 months (7-42 months). Of the 21 patients (26 segments), 12 segments showed gross narrowing and 14 segments showed slight narrowing. After preoperative measurement on MRI, 6 patients had foraminal stenosis of grade 2, and 15 patients had foraminal stenosis of grade 3, showing no significant difference in clinical outcomes. Compared with the foraminal area of the unaffected side, the affected side showed a decrease of 16% on CT and 28% on MRI, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 3.453, P < 0.05). The foraminal area measured on CT was larger than that measured on MRI (P < 0.05). Compared with that preoperatively, VAS (back pain), VAS (leg pain) and ODI showed significant improvement at the final follow-up (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSRadiological examinations as X-ray, CT, MRI and intervertebral foramen block technique play an important role in the diagnosis of foraminal stenosis. Soft oppression caused by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of transforaminal ligment or joint capsule may be important promoters of degenerative lumbar foraminal stenosis. Lumbar foraminal decompression and interbody fusion can satisfactorily improve preoperative symptoms.

Constriction, Pathologic ; diagnostic imaging ; Decompression, Surgical ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Lumbosacral Region ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spinal Fusion ; Spinal Stenosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of cinobufacini injection in the treatment of primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma.Methods 120 patients with primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma were randomly divided into the control group and treatment group,60 cases in each group.Patients of the control group were treated with the general,symptomatic and dialectical therapy.Patients of the treatment group were given general,symptomatic,dialectical treatment and cinobufacini injection.The curative effect was determined by the standard efficacy of tumor,the survival quality of the patients was judged by the Karnofsky score.The adverse reactions,median survival time and the survival rate were compared between the two groups.Results The effective rate of the control group was 40.0％,that of the treatment group was 56.7％,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.034,P ＜ 0.05).By the Karnofsky score,27 patients of the control group were stable,39 patients of the treatment group were stable,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =12.265,P ＜0.05).Median survival time of the control group was (168 ± 16) d,that of the treatment group was (178 ± 20)d,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =12.265,P ＜ 0.05).One year survival rates of the control group and the treatment group were 5.0％,10.0％,the difference was statistically significant.There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in adverse reactions (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Cinobufacini injection can improve the quality of life and prolong survival of patients with primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma.It is effective and safe in clinical application.

Objective:To predict the secondary structure and B-cell epitope of human IL-37.Methods:Based on IL-37b ami-no acid sequence, the secondary structure was predicted by SOPMA; hydrophilicity, flexibility, accessibility index were predicted by software of ProScale, Bcepred, respectively.Combined the results according to these methods , the B cell epitopes of IL-37b were pre-dicted.Results: The second structure of IL-37b contained extended strand (31.65%), random coil (52.75%), alpha helix (8.26%), beta turn (7.34%) and the most possible epitopes of IL-37b were located in or adjacent to amino acid 21-27, 34-75, 175-192 , 213-215 .Conclusion:These results will be helpful for the estimate of the epitopes and provide a theory basis for developing mon -oclonal antibodies against human IL-37.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of gabapentin on mechanical allodynia in rats with tibial bone cancer pain (BCP).MethodsForty-two female SD rats were randomized into 7 groups ( n=6):naive group (group N ),sham operation + NS control group (group SN),sham operation + GBP200mg/( kg · d) group (group SG200),BCP + NS control group (group BN),BCP + GBP50mg/( kg · d) group ( group BGS0),BCP +GBP100mg/(kg · d) group (group BG100),and BCP + GBP200mg/(kg · d) group (group BG200).The rats in group N,SN and BN received 5 ml normal saline and the rats in group SG200,BG50,BG100 and BG200 received 200,50,100 and 200 mg/( kg · d) dose of GBP via feeding from day 7 to 13 after operation,respectively.Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT) of the right paw and behavioral assays for ambulatory pain were measured just before operation and on days 1,3,5,7,8,10,12 and 14 after operation.ResultsMWT( (3.78 ± 0.38)g) in rats with BCP decreased and behavioral assays for ambulatory pain (0.76 ± 0.44) increased on day 7 after operation,as compared with those in group N ( ( 14.50 ± 1.38 ) g,(0.00 ± 0.00 ) ) and group sham ( ( 10.21 ± 0.88 ) g,( 0.00 ±0.00) ) (P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no apparent praxiological difference between group SN and group SG200 in a week of continuous application of gabapentin(P＞ 0.05 ).Compared with those in group BN,there was no change on MWT in group BG50 (P ＞ 0.05 ),and however,behavioral assays for ambulatory pain decreased (P ＜ 0.05 ).MWT in group BG100( (5.35 ±0.85)g) and BG200( (5.71 ±0.72) g) increased in day 10 after operation,as compared with those in group BN ( ( 2.61 ± 0.40) g) and group BG50 ( ( 3.28 ± 1.15 ) g) (P ＜ 0.05 ),and the difference was still statistically significant until day 14 (P ＜ 0.05 ).Behavioral assays for ambulatory pain in group BG100 and BG200 decreased from day 8 after operation,as compared with those in group BN and group BG50 (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionGabapentin,in medium to large dosage,can inhibit pain reaction of rats with bone cancer pain.Nevertheless,with the development of cancer,the effect of gabapentin decreases.