The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement aims to enhance the quality of reporting for randomized controlled trial (RCT) by providing a minimum item checklist. It was first published in 1996, and updated in 2001 and 2010, respectively. The latest version was released in April 2025, continuously reflecting new evidence, methodological advancements, and user feedback. CONSORT 2025 includes 30 essential checklist items and a template for a participant flow diagram. The main changes to the checklist include the addition of 7 items, revision of 3 items, and deletion of 1 item, as well as the integration of multiple key extensions. This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the statement, aiming to help clinical trial staff, journal editors, and reviewers fully understand the essence of CONSORT 2025, correctly apply it in writing RCT reports and evaluating RCT quality, and provide guidance for conducting high-level RCT research in China.

Objective:To investigate the application effect of scenario simulation teaching combined with progressive cases in pediatric nursing teaching.Methods:A total of 60 nursing students who studied in Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine in Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital from July 2022 to November 2023 were selected as subjects, and according to the order of admission, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 30 students in each group. The students in the control group received traditional teaching, while those in the observation group received scenario simulation teaching combined with progressive case teaching. The two groups were assessed in terms of learning outcomes and degree of satisfaction with teaching. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform the chi-square test and the t-test. Results:There was a significant difference in theoretical assessment score between the control group and the observation group [(83.56±5.29) vs. (87.02±6.08), t=7.56, P=0.006]. Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher scores of nursing operation proficiency, problem-solving ability, communication and coordination ability, emergency response ability, humanistic care, psychological care, and nursing service attitude ( P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the observation group also had a significantly higher total score and significantly higher scores of teaching contents, teaching arrangement, teaching effect, and overall learning gain ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The application of scenario simulation teaching combined with progressive cases in pediatric nursing teaching can effectively improve teaching quality and degree of satisfaction, enhance knowledge reserve and attitude of nursing interns, and promote the development of pediatric nursing.

"Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century—A Vision and Strategy"proposed by the National Research Council of US has brought innovative directives and objectives for toxicity evaluation and risk assessment,pushing forward the next generation of toxicity testing and risk assessment.In this initiative,the concept of adverse outcome pathways(AOPs)has emerged as a prominent methodology,capturing the attention of toxicologists and researchers due to its promising applications in recent years.The quantitative AOP(qAOP)is an extension of the adverse outcome pathway,which is built upon the foundational qualitative adverse outcome pathway model and leverages mathematical frame-works to depict dose-response and/or response-response relationships.This article reviews the princi-ples and advancement surrounding qAOP,introduceds two prevalent methodologies for constructing qAOP,Bayesian network models and regression models,and demonstrates diverse applications of qAOP.Actual cases are used to underscore the transformative role of qAOP in contemporary toxicology and risk assessment practices.

Objective: To investigate the activation level of NLRP3 inflammasome in immune thrombocytopenia ( ITP) and the effect of inhibiting NLRP3 mediated inflammasome activation on polarization and immune function of M1 macrophages. Methods : The expression of NLRP3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and CD14 + monocytes of ITP patients (ITP group) and Control group (Control group) was detected by RT⁃qPCR. The levels of IL⁃1β and IL⁃18 in serum of the two groups were determined by ELISA. M0 macrophages (MDMs) from ITP group were divided into 4 groups : IgG control group ( IgG group) , MCC950 treatment group ( MCC950 group) , LPS , IFN⁃γ and IgG treatment group (LPS + IFN⁃γ + IgG group) and LPS , IFN⁃γ and MCC950 treatment group (LPS + IFN⁃γ + MCC950 group) ; mRNA and protein levels of M1 macrophage markers CD86 , iNOS and MCP⁃ 1 were detected by RT⁃qPCR and Western blot. Western blot was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome associated protein , ASC , Cleaved caspase⁃1 and IL⁃ β . Flow cytometry was used to detect the phagocytosis of MDMs on platelets in each group , and CFSE was used to detect the proliferation of CD4 + T and CD8 + T. Results: Compared with the control group , the expression of NLRP3 mRNA in PBMC and CD14 + monocytes , and the concentration of IL⁃1β and IL⁃18 in serum of ITP group increased significantly ( P < 0. 05 ) . Platelet counts were negative correlated with NLRP3 mRNA expression in CD14 + monocyte and the concentration of IL⁃1β , IL⁃18 in serum in patients with ITP ( P < 0. 05) . Compared with IgG group , the mRNA and protein expressions of M1 macrophage markers CD86 , iNOS , MCP⁃1 , and the protein expression level of NLRP3 , ASC , cleaved caspase⁃1 and IL⁃ β , the platelet phagocytosis and the proliferation promoting ability of CD4 + T and CD8 + T cells significantly increased in LPS + IFN⁃γ + IgG group and LPS + IFN⁃γ + MCC950 group ( all P < 0. 05) . Compared with LPS + IFN⁃γ + IgG group , the above indexes significantly decreased in LPS + IFN⁃γ + MCC950 group (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion The activation level of NLRP3 inflammasome in ITP is abnormally elevated , which was related to the excessive M1 polarization of MDMs. Inhibiting NLRP3 mediated inflammasome activation could attenuate the M1 polarization and immune function of macrophages.

Objective: To understand and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dental caries in children and its effects on jaw function, so as to prevent occurrence of abnormality of jaw function. Methods: In October 2020, 860 cases of children from 5 kindergartens and 3 primary schools in Beijing were selected by adopting the convenience sampling method. All of them received oral examination, and the questionnaire according to the fourth national oral health epidemiological survey standard, including demographic information, eating habits, oral hygiene habits, oral health care,etc. The epidemiological characteristics of dental caries in children and its effects on jaw function were analyzed. Results: A total of 190 children had dental caries, with a dental caries incidence rate of 22.09%. Dental caries in children s deciduous teeth or permanent teeth was related to age, residence, parents education level,whethe to eat before going to bed, whether eating sweet food, tooth brushing age, daily brushing frequency, whether parents have assisted tooth brushing, whether regular oral examination, whether parents have received oral health guidance( χ 2= 5.04 ,4.70，75.37，7.91，12.03，9.30，7.64，255.47，253.27，11.38, P <0.05). Compared with the noncaries group[(81.52±3.16， 80.54± 1.52，1.92±0.25，31.52±1.62，33.63±3.41，50.72±1.68)°], the sella nasion A point(SNA), sella nasion B point(SNB),A point nasion B point(ANB),frankfot horizontal mandibular plane angle(FH MP),skull nasion mandibular plane angle(SN MP),anteriors relationship palataplane mandibular(Ptm ANS) decreased in the dental caries group[(78.62±2.11，79.35±1.02，1.68±0.32，30.69±0.45，32.15±3.02，48.62±1.21)°](t=78.62,79.35,10.94, 30.69, 32.15, 48.62, P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of caries in children was high and jaw structure abnormalities and dysfunction. It is suggested that caries prevention and control work should be carried out early to strengthen the prevention and control of oral disease education work.

Objective:To explore the relation among self-esteem, psychological flexibility and mental health in medical students, and to provide scientific reference for mental health education for medical students.Methods:A total of 788 medical students selected from a medical university in Chongqing City were investigated with the symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90), self-esteem scale (SES), acceptance and action questionnaire-Ⅱ (AAQ-Ⅱ), and cognitive fusion questionnaire-fusion (CFQ-F). SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. T test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and tests for mediation effects were conducted. Results:There were significant differences in self-esteem and mental health level among medical students in gender and different grades ( t=-2.55, P<0.05; F=6.53, P<0.05). Mental health, self-esteem and psychological flexibility of medical students were correlated in pairs ( r=-0.528-0.694, P<0.01). Psychological flexibility played a partial mediation role between self-esteem and mental health of medical students, and the mediating effect accounted for 60.03% of the total effect. Conclusion:Self-esteem can directly predict the mental health of medical students, and can also indirectly affect mental health through psychological flexibility. Medical universities should carry out psychological education and promotion work with pertinence.