Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has become the main cause of chronic liver disease in children worldwide, and the incidence of NAFLD shows an increasing trend year by year. The risk factors leading to the onset of NAFLD in children are diversified and different from those in adults. At present, most medical institutions still pay little attention to NAFLD in children. This paper summarizes the risk factors and mechanisms for NAFLD in children, including gene polymorphism, maternal and fetal conditions, diet and living habits, environmental exposure, metabolic syndrome, endocrine-related mechanisms and intestinal microecology, in order to provide reference for the prevention and management of childhood NAFLD.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease with high incidence and mortality. Oxidative stress response plays an important role in the pathological and physiological processes of ICH, and is also a potential effective target for clinical treatment. In this paper, the pathogenesis of oxidative stress after ICH, mechanism of nerve and vascular injury in oxidative stress, and detection and treatment of oxidative stress are reviewed in order to provide references for basic research and clinical practice in ICH.

Qingyan Dropping Pills have the effects of relieving wind and heat, detoxifying, and promoting the pharynx. It is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicines to treat acute and chronic pharyngitis, as well as sore throats and dry throats caused by surgery. Recently, many studies have shown that Qingyan Dropping Pills have certain effects on bacteriostasis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral activities. As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic enters the post-epidemic era, the regular use of drugs for COVID-19 pandemic symptoms has become a new trend. Therefore, there is a good market prospect to explore and develop Chinese patent medicines with antiviral effects. A preliminary study on the herbal formula and material basis of Qingyan Dropping Pills revealed that they have potential for antiviral applications. In this paper, the research on the quality study and antiviral effect of Qingyan Dropping Pills was reviewed, and the research direction of its secondary development was discussed to provide ideas and references for the new use of old traditional Chinese medicines.

Animal model of hydrocephalus is an important object to study the mechanism, pathological characteristics, and treatment of hydrocephalus. A stable and controllable animal model in accordance with clinical development of hydrocephalus can help to develope hydrocephalus related basic research and clinical translational application. According to the study purpose and genetic and physiological characteristics of experimental animals, a variety of animals have been used to establish different types of hydrocephalus animal models. The methods for congenital hydrocephalus models include gene edition and metabolic induction, while secondary hydrocephalus models can be induced by blocking the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid and interfering cerebrospinal fluid absorption. The hydrocephalus models constructed by different methods are also different in progression, neurofunctional changes, and histopathological characteristics. This paper reviews the construction methods and pathological characteristics of various hydrocephalus models in order to provide references for selection of animal models for hydrocephalus-related research.

Isochrysis galbana is considered an ideal bait for functional foods and nutraceuticals of humans because of its high fucoxanthin(Fx)content.However,multi-omics analysis of the regula-tory networks for Fx biosynthesis in I.galbana has not been reported.In this study,we report a high-quality genome assembly of I.galbana LG007,which has a genome size of 92.73 Mb,with a contig N50 of 6.99 Mb and 14,900 protein-coding genes.Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the monophyly of Haptophyta,with I.galbana sister to Emiliania huxleyi and Chrysochromulina tobinii.Evolutionary analysis revealed an estimated divergence time between I.galbana and E.huxleyi of～133 million years ago.Gene family analysis indicated that lipid metabolism-related genes exhibited significant expansion,including IgPLMT,IgOAR1,and IgDEGS1.Metabolome analysis showed that the content of carotenoids in I.galbana cultured under green light for 7 days was higher than that under white light,and β-carotene was the main carotenoid,accounting for 79.09％of the total carotenoids.Comprehensive multi-omics analysis revealed that the content of β-carotene,antheraxanthin,zeaxanthin,and Fx was increased by green light induction,which was significantly correlated with the expression of IgMYB98,IgZDS,IgPDS,IgLHCX2,IgZEP,IgLCYb,and IgNSY.These findings contribute to the understanding of Fx biosynthesis and its regulation,pro-viding a valuable reference for food and pharmaceutical applications.

Objective To explore and understand limitations and needs of support for conducting clinical research among clinicians in China.Methods The in-service clinician in our hospital were enrolled in as survey participants,survey questionnaires were designed and filled up by target audience in the questionnaire star platform.Results Main problems identified as restrictions for conducting clinical studies including lack of data platform,have ideas but not protocols,lack of research funding and project management.On the other hand,identified needs for support including research-related technical support,project management facilitation,training,external communication and exchange,as well as quality risk management.Conclusions Hospital should establish Clinical Research Unit to help clinicians to improve research quality by training,providing technical support and administrative service of clinical research.

Increased microglial activation and neuroinflammation within autonomic brain regions such as the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) have been implicated in stress-induced hypertension (SIH). Prorenin, a member of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS), can directly activate microglia. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of prorenin on microglial activation in the RVLM of SIH rats. Rats were subjected to intermittent electric foot-shocks plus noise, this stress was administered for 2 h twice daily for 15 consecutive days, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were monitored. The results showed that MAP and RSNA were augmented, and this paralleled increased pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1) switching. Prorenin and its receptor (PRR) expression and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation were increased in RVLM of SIH rats. In addition, PLX5622 (a microglial depletion agent), MCC950 (a NLRP3 inhibitor), and/or PRO20 (a (Pro)renin receptor antagonist) had antihypertensive effects in the rats. The NLRP3 expression in the RVLM was decreased in SIH rats treated with PLX5622. Mito-tracker staining showed translocation of NLRP3 from mitochondria to the cytoplasm in prorenin-stimulated microglia. Prorenin increased the ROS-triggering M1 phenotype-switching and NLRP3 activation, while MCC950 decreased the M1 polarization. In conclusion, upregulated prorenin in the RVLM may be involved in the pathogenesis of SIH, mediated by activation of the microglia-derived NLRP3 inflammasome. The link between prorenin and NLRP3 in microglia provides insights for the treatment of stress-related hypertension.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of infective foot ulcer and soft tissue defects of small area with free peroneal artery perforator flap.Methods From February,2016 to Apirl,2017,9 cases of infective foot ulcer and soft tissue defect of small area were repaired with peroneal artery perforator flap.Cause of infection:injury in 6 cases,diabetes in 2 cases,spinal cord injury subsequent pressure sore in 1 case.Infective ulcer part:4 cases on plantar metatarsophalangeal joint,2 cases on dorsal metatarsophalangeal joint,2 cases on interior of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and 1 case on the heel.Defect area:3.0 cm×2.0 cm-5.0 cm×3.0 cm;flap area:4.0 cm×3.5 cm-7.0 cm×4.5 cm.The donor sites were sutured directly.All the flaps contained lateral sural cutaneous nerve.In order to rebuild the sensation of flaps,nerves between surgical area and receiving area were received end-to-side anastomosis.Outpatient follow-up was used in all patients.Results All the flaps survived,and all the wounds were primary healed,without recurrence of infection.All patients were followed-up from 6 to 24 months with an average of 16 months.The appearance of flaps was good with slight bloated.The texture and color of the flaps were close to the recipient site.Flap feel was good except the cases of diabetes and spinal cord injury pressure sore.The AOFAS score at last follow-up time was 80.05±7.80,which was excellent in 5 cases,good in 2 cases,and fair in 2 cases.Conclusion The free peronerl artery perforator flap has many advantages,such as vascular anatomy constant,blood supply is reliable,thickness moderate,easy to get,strong resistance to infection,small district damage,etc.It is a useful clinical method to repair foot infection ulcer and soft issue defects of small area.

Objective: To learn the human resource development of provincial,municipal and county-level centers for disease control and prevention（CDCs）in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2017,and to provide evidence for optimizing human resource allocation . Methods: We obtained the human resource data of CDCs in Zhejiang Province from national information system for disease control and prevention,and analyzed the changes in the number of permanent staffs,the number of permanent staffs per ten thousand permanent residents as well as the composition of the age,education level,professional background and title in provincial,municipal and county-level CDCs from 2010 to 2017 . Results: The number of the permanent staffs of CDCs in Zhejiang Province increased from 4 592 to 4 835 from 2010 to 2017. In 2017,the number of permanent staffs in overall,provincial,municipal and county-level CDCs per ten thousand permanent residents were 0.855,0.068,0.186 and 0.600,respectively,all of which did not meet the standard. The main age group of CDC staffs changed from 25-34 years old in 2010 to 35-44 years old in 2017. The staffs of overall,provincial,municipal and county-level CDCs mainly had Bachelor's degrees in 2010,while the staffs of provincial CDCs mainly had Master's degrees and above in 2017. The percentages of staffs who had Bachelor's degrees and above in overall,provincial,municipal and county-level CDCs in 2017 increased to 75.12%,90.36%,80.76% and 71.65%,respectively. The CDC staffs were mainly public health professionals,and the percentage increased from 2010 to 2017. The percentages of public health and laboratory medicine professionals in overall,provincial,municipal and county-level CDCs in 2017 increased to 71.56%,79.17%,70.14% and 71.15%,respectively. The CDC staffs mainly had intermediate title,and the percentage of senior title in overall,provincial,municipal and county-level CDCs in 2017 increased to 25.58%,38.80%,32.99% and 21.79%,respectively . Conclusion From 2010 to 2017,the structure of education level,professional background and title of CDC staffs in Zhejiang Province were further optimized,but there was a lack of permanent staffs and a decrease in the staffs under 35 years old.