ObjectiveTo evaluate some properties of scutellarin-phospholipid complex nanoemulsion（SCU-PC-NE）， such as release， cell uptake and tissue distribution， and to investigate its effect on ameliorating lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced vascular endothelial injury. MethodSCU-PC-NE was prepared by weighting SCU-PC， ethyl oleate， Kolliphor HS15， 1，2-propylene glycol（50， 400， 514.3， 85.7 mg）， respectively. And the appearance of SCU-PC-NE was observed by transmission electron microscope， the average paticle size and Zeta potential were measured by nanopotential particle size analyzer. The cumulative release of SCU-PC-NE in vitro was measured by dynamic dialysis， thiazolyl blue（MTT） colorimetric assay was used to investigate the effect of SCU-PC-NE on the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs）， the inverted fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry were used to investigate cell uptake of HUVECs by SCU-PC-NE in vitro using coumarin 6 as a fluorescent probe， the tissue distribution of DiR/SCU-PC-NE labeled by near infrared fluorescent dyes was obeserved by small animal in vivo imaging system. The inflammation injury model was established by co-incubation with LPS（1 mg·L^-1） and HUVECs， the effect of SCU-PC-NE on the levels of interleukin（IL）-1β and IL-6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， 18 Kunming male mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， blank preparation group（equivalent to high dose group）， SCU group and SCU-PC-NE low and high dose groups（5， 10 mg·kg^-1）， 3 mice in each group， and the drug administration groups were administered once in the tail vein at the corresponding dose every 48 h， equal volume of normal saline was given to the blank group and the model group， and the drug was administered for 4 consecutive times. Except for the blank group， the endothelial inflammatory injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS（10 mg·kg^-1） at 12 h before the last administration in each group. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to investigate the effect of SCU-PC-NE on the histopathological changes in the thoracic aorta of mice. ResultThe appearance of SCU-PC-NE displayed pale yellow milky light， mostly spherical with rounded appearance and relatively uniform particle size distribution， with the average particle size of 35.31 nm， Zeta potential of 7.23 mV， and the encapsulation efficiency of 75.24%. The cumulative release in vitro showed that SCU-PC-NE exhibited sustained release properties compared with SCU. The cell viability of SCU-PC-NE was >90% at a concentration range of 1.05-8.4 mg·L^-1. The results of cellular uptake experiments showed that the cellular uptake ability of SCU-PC-NE was significantly enhanced when compared with the SCU group（P<0.01）. Compared with normal mice， the results of tissue distribution showed that the fluorescence intensity of DiR/SCU-PC-NE was significantly enhanced in the spleen， kidney， brain and thoracic aorta of mice at different time points after intraperitoneal injection of LPS（P<0.05， P<0.01）， especially in thoracic aorta. ELISA results showed that the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the model group were significantly increased when compared with the blank group（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and compare with the model group， all administration groups significantly down-regulated IL-1β level， with the strongest effect in the SCU-PC-NE high-dose group（P<0.01）， and all administration groups significantly down-regulated IL-6 level， with the strongest effect in the SCU-PC-NE low-dose group（P<0.05）. Compare with the blank group， the results of HE staining showed that the endothelial cells were damaged， the elastic fibers were broken and arranged loosely in the model group， although similar vascular injury could be observed in the blank preparation group， SCU group and SCU-PC-NE low-dose group， the vascular endothelial damage was significantly reduced in the high-dose group of SCU-PC-NE， which had a better effect than that in the SCU group. ConclusionSCU-PC-NE can promote the uptake of drugs by endothelial cells and effectively enriched in the site of vascular endothelial injury caused by LPS， suggesting that it has a protective effect on vascular endothelial injury and is a good carrier of SCU.

Objective:To conduct a comparative analysis of the radiation damage to zebrafish embryos and the associated biological mechanism after ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) and conventional dose rate irradiation.Methods:Zebrafish embryos at 4 h post-fertilization were exposed to conventional and FLASH irradiation (9 MeV electron beam). The mortality and hatchability of zebrafish after radiation exposure were recorded. Larvae at 96 h post-irradiation underwent morphological scoring, testing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and analysis of changes in oxidative stress indicators.Results:Electron beam irradiation at doses of 2-12 Gy exerted subtle effects on the mortality and hatchability of zebrafish embryos. However, single high-dose irradiation (≥ 6 Gy) could lead to developmental malformation of larvae, with conventional irradiation showing the most significant effects ( t = 0.87-9.75, P < 0.05). In contrast, after FLASH irradiation (≥ 6 Gy), the ROS levels in zebrafish and its oxidative stress indicators including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly reduced ( t = 0.42-15.19, P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in ROS levels in incubating solutions after conventional and FLASH irradiation ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:Compared to conventional irradiation, FLASH irradiation can reduce radiation damage to zebrafish embryos, and this is in a dose-dependent manner. The two irradiation modes lead to different oxidative stress levels in zebrafish, which might be a significant factor in the reduction of radiation damage with FLASH irradiation.

Short-term closing live poultry markets have been frequently adopted to control H7N9 epidemic.To evaluate the effect of short-term closing live poultry markets,we analyzed the data of environment surveillance of H7 by RT-PCR,and the human H7N9 cases in Zhongshan City from Feb 2014 to May 2017.RRx =The positive rate during the x-th week after closing / the positive rate of the week before closing days * 100％.Three rounds of short-term closing live poultry markets were administered.Round one:from Feb 10 to 23,2014,the neighboring cities didn't synchronize.The H7 positive rate increased since the trade recovered,and RR1 =0.40 (95％CI:0.28-0.59),RR3 =0.63 (95％CI:0.32-1.24),RR4 =0.83 (95％CI:0.48 -1.46).Two human cases were reported in May,2014.Round two:from Feb 19 to 28,2015,the neighboring cities synchronized as the province policy.The H7 positive rate maintained a level lower than 10％ since the trade recovered,and RR1 =0.15 (95％CI:0.07-0.34),RR2=0.21 (95％CI:0.10-0.41),RR3 =0.03 (95％CI:0.00-0.18),RR4 =0.10 (95％CI:0.04-0.27).No more human cases reported in that epidemic season.Round three:from Jan 8 to 21,2017,the neighboring cities didn't synchronize with Zhongshan City.The H7 positive rate had increased since the trade recovered,and RR1 =0.25 (95 ％ CI:0.09-0.68),RR3 =0.37 (95％CI:0.14-1.00),RR4 =1.07 (95％CI:0.54-2.11).Two human cases were reported in Feb,2017.Results indicated that,if the policy of closing live poultry markets was administered in single city,the environment pollution rate would rise shortly and the risk of human infection would increase once the trade recovered.However,if it was synchronously administered in all the cities in one region,the environment pollution rate could maintain at a low level and the risk of human infection would reduce enormously.

Objectives: To analyze and understand the risk factors related to HIV new infections among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: A longitudinal observational study among MSM was conducted to collect information on HIV related behaviors and sero-conversion. Univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to discuss the risk factors for HIV new infection. Results: A total number of 4 305 MSM were followed during 2013-2015. Among those self-reported MSM who are seeking partners on the Interner tended to have higher proportion on receptive anal intercourse and consistent condom use during anal intercourse than the subgroups seeking their partners in gay bars or bathrooms. HIV incidence among followed MSM during the study period appeared as 4.3/100 person years, with adjusted RR (aRR) of HIV infection for receptive anal intercourse as group 2.20 (95% CI: 1.49-3.24) times than that of insertion anal intercourse group. Those who used rush-poppers (aRR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.10-2.17), unprotected anal intercourse (aRR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.62-3.08), and those with syphilis infection (aRR=2.95, 95%CI: 2.00-4.35) were also risk factors for HIV new infections. After controlling other factors, the relationship between the ways of seeking partners and HIV new infection was not statistical significant. Conclusion: Risk factors for HIV new infection among MSM appeared complex and interactive, suggesting that further studies are needed to generate tailored strategies for the prevention of HIV epidemic among MSM population.
Adult ; Cohort Studies ; HIV Infections/diagnosis* ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Unsafe Sex

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation via the hepatic artery vs. the portal vein for end-stage liver disease (ESLD).

METHODSPatients with hepatic decompensation were prospectively recruited from September 2010 to September 2012 to receive HSC transplantation via the hepatic artery or the portal vein. Liver function was examined at 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation. Liver biopsy Results were analyzed using the Knodell score.

RESULTSEighty patients (58 males and 22 females) were enrolled in the study. The Child-Pugh score was grade B in 69 cases, and grade C in the remaining 11 cases. HSC transplantation was performed via the portal vein in 36 patients and via the hepatic artery in 44 patients. ALT levels decreased while serum albumin levels increased significantly in both groups at 6 and 12 months after HSC transplantation (P<0.05 compared with pre-transplantation levels). Total bilirubin levels decreased significantly in both groups at 3, 6, and 12 months after HSC transplantation (P<0.05 compared with pre-transplantation levels). Additionally, prothrombin time decreased in both groups at 12 months after HSC transplantation (P<0.05 compared with pre-transplantation level). There were no significant differences in ALT, total bilirubin and prothrombin time between the two groups either before or after transplantation. Moreover, Knodell score decreased significantly at 6 and 12 months. Histological examination showed that liver cell edema, degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation were significantly relieved at 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation. The incidence of portal vein thrombosis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy were 1.25%, 3.75%, and 2.5% respectively. The one-year survival rate was 100%.

CONCLUSIONSAutologous HSC transplantation improves liver function and histology in ESLD patients. The administration route of HSC has no significant impact on the efficacy of transplantation.

Adult ; Aged ; Disease-Free Survival ; End Stage Liver Disease ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation via the hepatic artery vs. the portal vein for end-stage liver disease (ESLD).
Methods Patients with hepatic decompensation were prospectively recruited from September 2010 to September 2012 to receive HSC transplantation via the hepatic artery or the portal vein. Liver function was examined at 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation. Liver biopsy results were analyzed using the Knodell score.
Results Eighty patients (58 males and 22 females) were enrolled in the study. The Child-Pugh score was grade B in 69 cases, and grade C in the remaining 11 cases. HSC transplantation was performed via the portal vein in 36 patients and via the hepatic artery in 44 patients. ALT levels decreased while serum albumin levels increased significantly in both groups at 6 and 12 months after HSC transplantation (P<0.05 compared with pre-transplantation levels). Total bilirubin levels decreased significantly in both groups at 3, 6, and 12 months after HSC transplantation (P<0.05 compared with pre-transplantation levels). Additionally, prothrombin time decreased in both groups at 12 months after HSC transplantation (P<0.05 compared with pre-transplantation level). There were no significant differences in ALT, total bilirubin and prothrombin time between the two groups either before or after transplantation. Moreover, Knodell score decreased significantly at 6 and 12 months. Histological examination showed that liver cell edema, degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation were significantly relieved at 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation. The incidence of portal vein thrombosis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy were 1.25%, 3.75%, and 2.5%respectively.The one-year survival rate was 100%.
Conclusions Autologous HSC transplantation improves liver function and histology in ESLD patients. The administration route of HSC has no significant impact on the efficacy of transplantation.

BACKGROUNDA multi-center large scale study is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of domestic peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions. Some researchers believe that 6 L/d is enough for adequate dialysis, but there is no multi-center prospective study on Chinese population to confirm this. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of domestic PD solution (Changfu) and its difference between 6 L and 8 L dosage.

METHODSAdult PD patients who had taken PD therapy for at least one month were selected and divided into four groups according to two dialysis solution brands and two dialysis dosages, i.e., 6 L dose with Changfu dialysis solution, 6 L dose with Baxter dialysis solution, 8 L dose with Changfu dialysis solution, and 8 L dose with Baxter dialysis solution. After 48 weeks, the changes of primary and secondary efficacy indices were compared between different types and different dosages. We also analyzed the changes of safety indices.

RESULTSChanges of Kt/V from baseline to 48 weeks between Changfu and Baxter showed no statistical differences; so did those of creatinine clearance rate (Ccr). Normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) from baseline to 48 weeks between Changfu and Baxter showed no statistical differences; so did those of net ultrafiltration volume (nUF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Changes of nPCR from baseline to 48 weeks between 6 L and 8 L showed no statistical differences; so did those of nUF and eGFR. The decline of Kt/V from baseline to 48 weeks in 6 L group was more than that in 8 L group. Change of Ccr was similar. During the 48-week period, the mean Kt/V was above 1.7/w, and mean Ccr was above 50 L×1.73 m(-2)×w(-1). More adverse events were found in Changfu group before Changfu Corporation commenced technology optimization, and the statistical differences disappeared after that.

CONCLUSIONSThe domestic PD solution (Changfu) was proven to be as effective as Baxter dialysis solution. During 48-week period, a dosage of 6 L/d was enough for these patients to reach adequate PD. Clinical study promotes technological optimization, further helps to improve the safety indices of the medical products.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Dialysis Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical study of modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment to patients with DeBakey I thoracic aortic dissection.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to October 2010, 101 cases of DeBakey I aortic dissection were treated by modified total arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique, in which emergency surgery for 73 cases. There were 76 male and 25 female patients, aged from 21 to 77 years with a mean of (49 ± 8) years. Intraoperative ascending aortic replacement in 31 cases, Bentall procedure in 29 cases, Wheat procedure in 7 cases, David procedure in 34 cases. At the same time stent elephant trunk in the left subclavian artery corresponding position was windowed to rebuild the blood supply. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest cerebral protection was completed by bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion.

RESULTSThe mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was (212 ± 40) min, mean myocardial occlusion time was (95 ± 16) min, mean circulatory arrest time was (42 ± 8) min. Operative mortality was 1 case and hospital mortality was 5 case, which died of septicemia, acute renal failure and hemiplegia complicated with multiple organ failure. Compared with selective cerebral perfusion, the incidence of postoperative cerebral vascular accident and transient neurological dysfunction decreased. Seventy-six cases received aorta CTA before discharged, the closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 78.9%. Seventy-one patients were followed up for 5 to 49 months, 50 cases was reviewed by CTA, of which closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 88.0%, no late death and re-surgery.

CONCLUSIONSThe modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment for patients with DeBakey I thoracic aortic dissection was safe and effective, with less postoperative complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the behavior problems of children aged 3 to 5 years in Changsha and to compare the differences of the results detected by the norm of Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) in Chinese and American urban children.

METHODSA total of 854 children aged 3 to 5 years were randomly sampled from 5 districts in Changsha City and their parents completed the Conners PSQ.

RESULTSThe assessment by the norm of PSQ in American urban children demonstrated that the average prevalence of behavior problems was 20.4%, with 28.1% for boys and 12.4% for girls. There were significant differences between boys and girls (P<0.01). The factor score of anxiety in girls was markedly higher than that in boys (P<0.01). Learning and psychosomatic problems were the main problems in the children. The prevalences of conduct problems and impulse-restlessness, and abnormal restlessness index detected by the norm of PSQ in Chinese urban children were higher than those detected by the American norm. The prevalences of conduct problems and psychosomatic problems in boys by the norm of PSQ in Chinese urban children were significantly lower than those detected by the American norm, while the total prevalence of behavior problems was higher than that detected by American norm. There was a poor consistency in the assessment results of most factors of the PSQ and the total prevalence of behavior problems detected by the Chinese and American norms (KappP<0.4).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of behavior problems especially learning problems and psychosomatic problems in children aged 3 to 5 years is higher in Changsha. The consistency of assessment results is poor between the norms of China and America. It is recommended to use the China norm of PSQ in Chinese children aged 3 to 5 years because the Chinese norm is in line with China's national conditions and cultural background.

Child Behavior Disorders ; diagnosis ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; Urban Health

Objective To analyzed the variant information on the indices regarding fleas from natural foci of Microtus plague in Sichuan epidemic area during 2000 to 2008.Methods Statistical and analytical methods were used on the surveillance data regarding Microtus fuscus plague.Results There were 19 flea species identified and the share of Callopsylla sparsilis was 62.79 percent while the share of Amphipsylla tuta tuta was 30.90 percent on Microtus fuscus plague.The infection rate of fleas and the flea index were the highest in October and the lowest in December and March.Species as Callopsylla sparsilis,Amphipsylla tuta tuta and Rhadinopsylla dahurica vicina could naturally infect the Yersinia pestis.Conclusion Microtus fuscus plague could become epidemic when animals and flea species were infected.We should emphasis on plague monitoring program so as to prevent the occurrence of the disease.