Objective:To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from 95%ethanol extracts from stems of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Method:The stems (25 kg) were extracted with 95%ethanol under reflux for three times and then filtrated,and the combined filtrates were concentrated under vacuum to get the extracts. After suspension with water,the extracts were extracted with petroleum ether,dichloromethane,ethyl acetate and n-butanol successively,and five corresponding parts were obtained. The parts of petroleum ether,dichloromethane,ethyl acetate were separated in a similar way to get pure compounds. By the method the subjects were first chromatographed on silica gel column respectively,then the selected sub-fractions were further separated by Sephadex LH-20, and finally purified on preparation HPLC to get the monomer compound. The n-butanol part was first treated with macroporous resin D101,and then the sub-fractions were further purified by almost the same method as mentioned above. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectrum technology as IR,MS,¹H-NMR,¹³ C-NMR. Result:Ten compounds were isolated from Z. bungeanum stems and identified as follows:(+)-magnoflorine(1),(-)-marmesin(2),(-)-columbianetin(3),(-)-decursinol(4),lupeol(5),α-amyrin(6),β-amyrin(7),δ-amyrin(8),quercetin(9),rutin(10). Among them, 1 was alkaloid, 2,3,4 were coumarin, 5,6,7,8 were triterpenoid, 9,10 were flavonoids. Conclusion:Compounds 1-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective To observe the effect and safety of metformin com-bined with saxagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes me-llitus inadequately controlled with metformin alone .Methods Sixty pa-tients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controled by metformin alone were randomly divided into trial group and control group , 30 pa-tients in each group .The two groups maintain the original dose of met-formin and usage unchanged , patients in trial group were given oral saxa-gliptin 5 mg, once a day , and the patients in control group were treated with glimepiride 1-4 mg once daily before breakfast .The treatment las-ted 12 weeks.The data of fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) , 2 h postpran-dial plasma glucose(2 h PG), hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), lipids weight, fasting insulin ( FINS) , homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function ( HOMA -β) were recorded and compared between the two groups . Results The serum levels of FPG , 2 h PG and HbA1 c were significantly decreased in two groups after treatment ( P<0.05 ) , but had no signifi-cant differences between the two groups .Compared with control group , the levels of FINS and HOMA-βstatistically increased after treatment in the trial group ( P <0.05 ) .There was no serious adverse reaction in both groups during the treatment , the incidence of mild hypoglycemia was significantly less in trial group ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusion The blood glucose control of saxagliptin is comparable to glimepiride , but saxagliptin showed a better effect on the improvement of β-cell function and decrease of the risk of hypoglycaemia .

AlM: To investigate the effect of endocapsular phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens (lOL) implantation with a 1. 8mm or 3. 0mm clear corneal incision on total root mean square ( RMS ) value of the cornea, corneal astigmatism, spherical aberration, coma, trefoil and tear film.
METHODS:ln a prospective study, 156 age- related patients ( 196 eyes ) were randomly distributed into two groups. 1. 8mm-group comprised 94 eyes that had a silicone lOL inserted through a 1. 8mm sutureless clear corneal incision, while, 3. 0mm- group comprised 102 eyes through a 3. 0mm clear corneal incision. Postoperatively, the changes in the total RMS value of the cornea, corneal astigmatism, spherical aberration, coma, trefoil and tear film at 1wk, 1 and 3mo were determined respectively.
RESULTS:ln both groups, postoperatively at 1wk,there were statistically significant differences ( P<0. 05 ) in the total RMS value of the cornea, corneal astigmatism, spherical aberration, coma, trefoil and tear film, while, there were statistically minimal differences ( P< 0. 05 ) between 1. 8mm-group and 3. 0mm-group at 1mo, but were not statistically significantly different ( P > 0. 05 ) between two groups at 3mo postoperative.
CONCLUSlON:This study confirms that incision size has strong impact on the corneal higher-order aberrations, especially, 3. 0mm incision caused significant differences in the total RMS value of cornea, corneal astigmatism, spherical aberration, coma, trefoil and tear film compared with 1. 8mm micro-incision, therefore, micro-incision is very beneficial for clinical use in phacoemulsification.

Objective TounderstandandevaluatethetransmissionriskofavianinfluenzaA(H7N9)virusinlivepoultry markets(LPMs).Methods Atotalof31LPMsfromJiaxingcitywereselectedusingrandomsamplingmethodand hygienicinvestigationonthespotwascarriedout.Results All31farmproductmarketshadlivepoultrytradewhile29 (83.87%)of them had live poultry slaughter spots,and 3 of them were not in the trade zone.The situation of sanitary, isolation,disinfection and personal protection in live poultry trading spot was not satisfied and only one LPM set a compartment.The LPMs whose distance exceeding 10 meters between live poultry slaughter spot and trading spot were accountedfor41.38%.Conclusion ThetransmissionriskofavianinfluenzaA(H7N9)virusinfarmproductmarketis high.To close the live poultry market during the epidemic period and strengthen surveillance activities are suggested.

Objective To explore the psychological status and nursing strategy for craniocerebral trauma patients with hearing loss.Methods To induce and analyze the psychological status of 112 raniocerebral trauma patients with hearing loss from May 2008 to March 2013 so as to explore the well-targeted nursing measures.Results There existed five different kinds of psychological problems among 112 craniocerebral trauma patients with hearing loss.42(37.50％) patients worried that the hearing failed to recover,which would affect the quality of their lives,thus sunk into low spirits or even a state of depression; 31 (27.68％) patients worried that they were not treated in time by the doctors,which would adversely affecting the best time of treatment;26(23.21％) patients feared that they wouldn't get the compensation from the responsible party; 11 (9.82％)patients were pseudo-deaf or exaggerated deaf; 2 (1.79％) patients sought for excessive medical treatment.Conclusions The nursing staff should observe the patients' hearing conditions in time and guide patients to correctly deal with hearing loss,should treat patients equitably,in order to make patients get accurate diagnosis,appropriate and effective treatments,and should timely check and backup the test information related hearing so as to help them get rid of bad attitudes as soon as possible,correctly face what might happen,and improve the quality of life.

OBJECTIVETo establish a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of total quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in rat plasma after oral administration of Folium Mori extract (FME).

METHODSAfter a single dose of FME (110 mg/kg) was taken, rat plasma samples were collected. The samples were hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid (c=3.0 mol/L), the mixed solution was extracted with ether acetone mixture. The total quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in plasma samples were determined by HPLC, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 3.0 software.

RESULTSThe method was linear over the concentration ranges of 0.0545-8.70, 0.0954-14.7 and 0.0545-8.55 μg/ml for quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, respectively (r=0.9979, 0.9993, 0.9981). The absolute recoveries were 85.3%-86.1%, 79.4%-86.7% and 62.8%-89.7%, respectively and the assay recoveries were all from 94.7% to 107%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra-and inter-day were less than 9.5% and 9.8%, respectively. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: T(1/2z) was 92.7, 67.9 and 54.2 h; Tmax was 0.400, 0.400 and 3.87 h; AUC(0-∞) was 68.0, 67.5 and 32.8 mg/h/L; MRT(0-∞) was 128, 85.2 and 72.0 h for quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method established in this study is accurate, reliable and reproducible, and can be applied for determination of total quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in rat plasma after oral administration of FME; the pharmacokinetic studies showed that the distribution of drugs is rapid and elimination is very slow.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Flavonols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Kaempferols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacokinetics ; Quercetin ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley