Abstract To explore the mechanism of the impact of small games (SSG) on the physical health of children and adolescents and the reasonable application strategies, the study reviewes the multi-dimensional effects of SSG on the body composition, motor ability, cardiovascular health, musculoskeletal health and metabolic health of children and adolescents, and proposes the strategies for the reasonable application of SSG, which include scientifically designing training programs, emphasizing individualized differences, and strengthening monitoring and feedback. It can provide theoretical support and practical suggestions for the application of SSG in promoting the physical health of children and adolescents.

Aim To investigate the effect of benzyl iso-thiocyanate (BITC) on the proliferation of mouse U14 cervical cancer cells and to explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity based on transcriptomic data analysis. Methods The effect of BITC on U14 cell activity was detected by MTT, nuclear morphological changes were observed by Hochest 33258 and fluorescent inverted microscope, cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry, and the transcriptome database of U14 cells before and after BITC (20 μmol · L

Objective To discuss the relationship between activated glia cells in distal segment of the spinal cord and widespread pain.Methods Fifty female rats were randomly divided into sham group,the chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve(CCI-ION)group,CCI-ION+minocycline(Mino)group,CCI-ION+L-2-aminoadipic acid(LAA)group,and CCI-ION+normal saline(NS)group,n=10 for each group.CCI-ION model was established and Mino,LAA,and normal saline were delivered intrathecally to CCI-ION rats.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect activated astrocytes and microglia in the medulla oblongata,cervical,thoracic,and lumbar spinal cord segments.On the 7th,14th,21st,28th day,von Frey filaments were used to evaluate the mechanical withdrawal threshold of vibrissa pad,and electronic von Frey tactile pain meter was used to measure the mechanical withdrawal threshold of front paw,chest and hind paw.The radiant thermal stimulator was used to measure the thermal withdrawal threshold of hind paw.Results After intrathecal injection of Mino to inhibit microglia,the activated microglia in each spinal cord segment decreased.Moreover,inhibiting astrocytes by using LAA significantly reduced activated astrocytes in spinal dorsal horn from distal segments.Behavioral assay showed that after intrathecal injection of Mino and LAA,the mechanical allodynia of vibrissa pad in CCI-ION rats was relieved.However,there was no significant difference(P>0.05)in the thermal and mechanical withdrawal thresholds in the hind paw of CCI-ION rats after intrathecal injection of Mino,while intrathecal injection of LAA significantly increased the thermal and mechanical withdrawal thresholds in the hind paw,indicating the relief of widespread pain induced by CCI-ION.Conclusion The activated astrocytes in distal segments of the spinal cord mediated CCI-ION-induced widespread pain.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of tick-borne rickettsial infections in selected areas of Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, 2023, so as to provide insights into the management of tick-borne rickettsioses in the city. Methods Ticks were captured from the body surface of bovines and sheep in Gaoxing Village, Dashan Township, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province during the period between April and June, 2023, and tick species were identified using morphological and molecular biological techniques. In addition, tick-borne Rickettsia was identified using a nested PCR assay, including spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR), Coxiella spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Orientia spp., and positive amplified fragments were sequenced and aligned with known sequences accessed in the GenBank database. Results A total of 200 ticks were collected and all tick species were identified as Rhipicephalus microplus. Nestle PCR assay combined with sequencing identified ticks carrying Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis (40.50%), Coxiella burnetii (1.50%), and Coxiella-like endosymbionts (27.00%), and Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. or Orientsia spp. was not detected. Conclusions R. microplus carried Candidatus R. jingxinensis, C. burnetii, and Coxiella-like endosymbionts in selected areas of Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province. Intensified monitoring of tickborne rickettsial infections is needed in livestock and humans to reduce the damages caused by rickettsioses.

Objective:To assess causes for revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in China using the data of revision TKA in the past 15 years in our single center andcompare the differences in survival time, operation time and blood loss among different revision reasons.Methods:Data of 337 patients (345 knees) with revision TKAs at our institution from January 2007 to December 2021 (15 years) were retrospectively analyzed. The included population consists of 57 males and 288 females. The causes for first revision TKA were identified and compared according to the time of revision surgery as early (up to 2 years) and late revision (more than 2 years). The reason for revision before 2012 and after 2012 was also compared. Furthermore, the differences of survival time, operation time and blood loss among different revision reasons were compared.Results:The most common reasons for revision of knee joints in 345 cases were periprosthetic infection (133 knees, 38.6%), followed by aseptic loosening (97 knees, 28.1%) and joint instability (35 knees, 10.1%). Early revisions were performed in 171 knees (49.6%), while late revisions were performed in 174 knees (50.4%). Periprosthetic infection (96 knees, 56.1%) and aseptic loosening (86 knees, 49.4%) were the most common reasons for early and late revisions, respectively. There were 59 revisions performed before 2012 and 286 revisions performed after 2012, with periprosthetic infection being the main reason for revision in both groups. The percentage of revisions due to infection decreased from 64.4% before 2012 to 33.2% after 2012, and this difference was statistically significant (χ 2=18.790, P<0.001). The proportion of revisions due to aseptic loosening was 15.3% before 2012, which was significantly lower than the proportion of 30.8% after 2012 (χ 2=5.083, P=0.024). The median survival time of the prostheses in the included patients was 30 months, with shorter survival time observed in patients with stiffness, patellar complications, and periprosthetic infection, and longer survival time observed in patients with polyethylene wear and aseptic loosening. There were significant differences in operation time and blood loss among different reasons for revision ( P<0.001). Conclusion:In our specialized arthroplasty center periprosthesis infection was the most common reason for revision. Periprosthesis infection and aseptic loosening needed to be considered for early or late-stage revision. With the development of technique of total knee arthroplasty, the proportion of periprosthesis infection is decreasing, while the incidence of aseptic loosening is increasing.

R-spondin2 (Rspo2) is a member of protein family RSPOs, which can be coupled to receptor 4/5 (leucine-rich repeat-containing g protein-coupled receptor 4/5, LGR4/5), cell surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF3/RNF43 (zinc and ring finger 3/ring finger protein 43), heparan sulfate proteoglycan (heparan sulfate proteoglycans, HSPGs) and the IQ motif (IQ gap 1) containing GTP enzyme activating protein 1, regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is the most widely studied signaling pathway and directly related to basic bone biology. Any problem in this pathway may have an impact on bone regulation. In recent years, it has been found that Rspo2 can act on osteoblast, osteoclast and chondrocytes through Wnt/β-catenin, and take part in occureace and development of some bone diseases such as ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), so the study of Rspo2 may become a new therapeutic direction for bone-related diseases. Based on the latest research progress, this paper reviews the structure and main functions of Rspo2, the mechanism of Rspo2 regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and its influence on skeletal system, in order to provide new ideas and ways for the prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases.

Exosome is a kind of extracellular vesicles secreted by cells to the outside. Biogenesis mainly involves two invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane, the formation of multivesicular bodies, and the release of exosomes. Exosomes have abundant and diverse inclusions—including landmark membrane proteins, soluble proteins, various RNA molecules and DNA fragments, etc. Cells can achieve intercellular signal communication by secreting and receiving exosomes. Through interaction of ligand molecules on the exosome membrane with receptors on the surface of other cytoplasmic membranes, exosomes can activate cell signal transduction or fuse with the cell membrane to release its contents into the cytoplasm to exert regulatory functions. In the central nervous system, exosomes secreted by neurons and various glial cells can mediate wired synaptic signal transmission, but mainly play a role similar to neuromodulator by way of volume transmission. In this paper, the biogenesis of exosomes and important functional components are described in detail, and the characteristics of neural exosomes in the biogenesis, content sorting and controlled release are compared with those of synaptic vesicles. We further review the research progress on the physiological functions of neural exosomes on the central nervous system and their roles in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases and major depressive disorder. We also prospect the application of exosomes in the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of nervous system diseases.

Objective:To explore the effects of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) on high-fat diet-induced obesity, lipid disorders, and bile acid metabolism in mice.Methods:Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group(regular chow), high-fat diet group(45% high-fat chow), and CoQ10 intervention group(45% high-fat chow+ 100 mg·kg -1·d -1CoQ10) based on their body weights according to the randomized block design. The body weight and food intake of mice in each group were collected. The levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were detected. The contents of 17 bile acids in serum, liver, and colon contents of mice were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass(UPLC-MS/MS). The protein expressions of cholesterol 12α-hydroxylase(CYP8B1) and oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7B1) in liver were detected by Western blotting. Results:CoQ10 significantly reduced body weight and ameliorated lipid metabolism disorders in mice fed a high-fat diet. Compared with the control group, serum total bile acid levels were reduced in the high-fat diet group( P<0.05); CoQ10 intervention elevated serum and colonic total bile acid levels( P=0.021, P=0.014) and increased liver, colon, and serum deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid levels( P<0.05) in the mice compared with the high-fat diet group. Both colonic and serum deoxycholic acid levels in the CoQ10 intervention group were negatively correlated with body weights( P=0.024, P=0.019), and colonic deoxycholic acid and total cholesterol levels were also negatively correlated( P=0.006). CoQ10 increased the expression of CYP8B1 and CYP7B1 proteins in the liver of mice. Conclusion:CoQ10 can modulate bile acid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice and alleviate their obesity and lipid metabolism disorders.

Objective To discuss the perioperative care and wound protection of xenotransplantation from genetically edited pigs to monkeys, with the goal of improving the success rate of such experimental procedures. Methods From October 2022 to October 2023, perioperative care and wound protection were performed on 7 recipient rhesus monkeys undergoing xenotransplantation of genetically edited pig tissues and organs. Customized wound protective garments were designed based on monkeys' size and surgical area to protect the wounds, alongside meticulous perioperative care. This included preoperative preparation and medication, intraoperative monitoring of physiological indicators and anesthesia management, and postoperative care comprising wound protection, observation and monitoring, and nutritional support. Results All seven monkeys successfully underwent xenotransplantation. With the aid of protective garments and detailed care, all surgical wounds healed by first intention, and postoperative recovery was satisfactory. Conclusion Proper care and wound protection during xenotransplantation from genetically edited pigs to monkeys not only promote wound healing, but also alleviate pain and harm to animals. This has significant implications for advancing experimental research in pig-monkey xenotransplantation and enhancing animal welfare.

Plasma metabolomics combined experimental verification was employed for investigating of the hypoglycemic effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. Forty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control and experimental groups after one week of adaptive feeding. The mice in control group were fed conventionally, and the T2DM model was established in mice of the experimental group by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin following twelve weeks of feeding on a high-fat diet (HFD). All experiments were approved by the Ethical Committee Experimental Animal Center of North Sichuan Medical College (NSMC2022023). After the failure cases during modeling were eliminated, the remaining mice were randomly divided into model group (T2DM), low dose [200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1] and high dose [300 mg·kg^-1·d^-1] PNS groups. Mice in normal and model groups were given equal amounts of normal saline by gavage. The mice were administered intragastrically with PNS for 6 weeks, and their body weight, food intake, water intake and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured weekly. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at the 5th week of administration. The changes of liver functions and blood lipids were detected by collecting blood from eyeballs. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were detected in the blood and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed in the liver by kit, respectively. Subsequently, the changes in plasma endogenous metabolites from each group were determined based on metabolomics, and the pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites was performed using KEGG database. NF-κB signaling pathway, TNF-α and IL-6 in liver were detected by western blot, respectively. The results showed that T2DM mice were successfully constructed. High dose of panax notoginseng saponins (HPNS) can reduce the FBG in T2DM mice while low dose of PNS (LPNS) has no significant effect on FBG. HPNS improves the liver function, reduces the levels of blood lipids, TNF-α and IL-6, and increases the activity of GSH-Px, CAT and SOD in liver of T2DM mice. Metabolomics results showed that 45 metabolites were significantly changed in the plasma of model group compared with control, and 20 metabolites were significantly changed after HPNS treatment. Pathway enrichment indicated that arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism and carnitine synthesis were changed in the blood of T2DM mice, and HPNS improved the abnormal metabolism of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid in T2DM mice. Western blot showed that HPNS could inhibit the NF-κB pathway and reduce the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver of T2DM mice, suggesting that PNS may exert the antidiabetic effect by inhibiting NF-κB pathway, regulating arachidonic acid and linoleic acid metabolism to reduce inflammatory factors and oxidative stress, improve liver function in T2DM mice.