Sleep is an instinctive behavior alternating awakening state, sleep entails many active processes occurring at the cellular, circuit and organismal levels. The function of sleep is to restore cellular energy, enhance immunity, promote growth and development, consolidate learning and memory to ensure normal life activities. However, with the increasing of social pressure involved in work and life, the incidence of sleep disorders (SD) is increasing year by year. In the short term, sleep disorders lead to impaired memory and attention; in the longer term, it produces neurological dysfunction or even death. There are many ways to directly or indirectly contribute to sleep disorder and keep the hormones, including pharmacological alternative treatments, light therapy and stimulus control therapy. Exercise is also an effective and healthy therapeutic strategy for improving sleep. The intensities, time periods, and different types of exercise have different health benefits for sleep, which can be found through indicators such as sleep quality, sleep efficiency and total sleep time. So it is more and more important to analyze the mechanism and find effective regulation targets during sleep disorder through exercise. Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter in the nervous system, which not only participates in action initiation, movement regulation and emotion regulation, but also plays a key role in the steady-state remodeling of sleep-awakening state transition. Appreciable evidence shows that sleep disorder on humans and rodents evokes anomalies in the dopaminergic signaling, which are also implicated in the development of psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia or substance abuse. Experiments have shown that DA in different neural pathways plays different regulatory roles in sleep behavior, we found that increasing evidence from rodent studies revealed a role for ventral tegmental area DA neurons in regulating sleep-wake patterns. DA signal transduction and neurotransmitter release patterns have complex interactions with behavioral regulation. In addition, experiments have shown that exercise causes changes in DA homeostasis in the brain, which may regulate sleep through different mechanisms, including cAMP response element binding protein signal transduction, changes in the circadian rhythm of biological clock genes, and interactions with endogenous substances such as adenosine, which affect neuronal structure and play a neuroprotective role. This review aims to introduce the regulatory effects of exercise on sleep disorder, especially the regulatory mechanism of DA in this process. The analysis of intracerebral DA signals also requires support from neurophysiological and chemical techniques. Our laboratory has established and developed an in vivo brain neurochemical analysis platform, which provides support for future research on the regulation of sleep-wake cycles by movement. We hope it can provide theoretical reference for the formulation of exercise prescription for clinical sleep disorder and give some advice to the combined intervention of drugs and exercise.

BACKGROUND:Solute carrier family 1 member 5(SLC1A5)plays a potential role in a variety of diseases,but the exact mechanism of action is unclear.The construction of stable SLC1A5 overexpression and knockdown cell models can provide a powerful experimental tool for in-depth study of the exact role and mechanism of SLC1A5 in diseases and the discovery of potential therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE:To construct lentiviral vectors for overexpression and knockdown of mouse SLC1A5 and establish stable transfected RAW264.7 cell lines,so as to provide an experimental foundation for further investigation of the role of SLC1A5 in inflammation. METHODS:Primers were designed and synthesized based on the SLC1A5 gene sequence,and the gene segment was amplified using polymerase chain reaction.Subsequently,the target gene segment was directionally inserted into the GV492 vector plasmid,which had been digested with AgeI/NheI enzymes,to construct recombinant lentiviral plasmids.Positive clones were further selected,and their sequences were confirmed.The pHelper1.0 plasmid vector and pHelper2.0 plasmid vector,along with the target plasmid vector,was co-cultured with 293T cells for transfection,resulting in the production and titration of lentiviral stocks.Furthermore,RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro,and the working concentration of puromycin was determined.Lentiviruses were separately co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells,and transfection efficiency was determined by measuring fluorescence intensity.Stable transfected cells were selected using puromycin,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot assay were employed to assess the gene and protein expression levels of SLC1A5 in stably transfected cell lines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Sequencing results indicated a perfect match between the sequencing and target sequences,confirming the successful construction of recombinant lentiviral vectors.(2)The titer for the overexpression SLC1A5 lentivirus was 1×109 TU/mL,while the titer for the knockdown SLC1A5 lentivirus was 3×109 TU/mL.(3)The working concentration of puromycin for RAW264.7 cells was determined to be 3 μg/mL.(4)The optimal conditions for transfecting RAW264.7 cells with overexpression/knockdown expression of SLC1A5 lentivirus involved the use of HiTransG P transfection enhancer with a multiplicity of infection value of 50.(5)A significant upregulation of the gene and protein expression levels of SLC1A5 was detected in cell lines stably overexpressing SLC1A5,while gene and protein expression levels of SLC1A5 were significantly decreased in the knockdown stable cell lines.These findings indicate that lentiviral vectors for mouse SLC1A5 overexpression and knockdown have been successfully constructed and a stably transfected RAW264.7 cell line has been obtained.

Objective:To investigate the clinical phenotype and genetic variation of Basel-Vanagaite-Smirin-Yosef syndrome (BVSYS), and to enhance clinicians′ knowledge of the disease.Methods:The clinical data of a child with BVSYS admitted to the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Qingdao Women and Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University in February 2023 were collected. Whole genome sequencing was used to analyze the pathogenic genes of the child, and Sanger sequencing was used to verify the suspected mutation sites of the family members. The clinical phenotype and genetic variation characteristics were analyzed, and the clinical characteristics of BVSYS were summarized in combination with relevant literature.Results:The patient, a female aged 3 years and 1 month, presented with global developmental delay, speech disorder, distinctive facial features, esotropia, epilepsy, hypotonia and atrial septal defect. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral ventriculomegaly with abnormal signal intensity in the posterior bodies of both lateral ventricles and thinning of the corpus callosum. The whole genome sequencing revealed a homozygous missense mutation c.518 (exon5) T>C (p.IIe173Thr) in the MED25 gene of the child, and Sanger sequencing confirmed that her parents and elder brother carried the aforementioned heterozygous mutation, which was classified as a likely pathogenic mutation according to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. A total of 22 cases from 6 literature sources were retrieved, with no reported cases in China so far. Conclusions:BVSYS is clinically rare. For patients presenting with unexplained global developmental delay or intellectual disability combined with craniofacial, neurological, cardiac, and eye abnormalities, targeted genetic testing can facilitate a definite diagnosis.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty(THA)with and without femoral osteotomy in Crowe Ⅳ developmental hip dislocation(DDH).Methods The data on 46 patients who underwent THA for unilateral Crowe ⅣDDH between 2012 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into two groups according to the different surgical methods.There were 24 patients in the osteotomy group,3 males and 21 females,with an average age of(47.3±9.0)years old ranged from 34 to 57 years old;and 22 patients in the non-osteotomy group,2 males and 20 females,with an average age of(51.6±8.3)years old ranged from 40 to 61 years old.The operative time,bleed loss,postoperative drainage volume,postoperative com-plications,ROM of hip,Harris hip score,limb length discrepancy(LLD),and radiological data were recorded.The femoral dislo-cation height and the implantation depth of sleeve were measured.Results All patients were followed up.The mean follow-up time was(3.8±1.2)years ranged from 2 to 6 years in the osteotomy group and(3.2±0.9)years ranged from 1 to 5 years in the non-os-teotomy group.The operative time(136.8±18.9)min,bleed loss(709.8±89.4)ml,postoperative drainage volume(308.8±98.2)ml of osteotomy group were all significantly greater than those of non-osteotomy group(100.7±15.8)min,(516.5±103.3)ml,(245.3±79.3)ml(P＜0.05).The Harris score at the latest follow up was significantly increased compared with preoperative score in two groups(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).The LLD at last follow up was sig-nificantly increased compared with preoperative LLD in two groups,the LLD in non-osteotomy group(0.7±0.2)cm showed signif-cant smaller than the two osteotomy group(1.2±0.4)cm.Between osteotomy and non-osteotomy groups,the preoperative range of motion of hip joint[(89.5±19.7)°vs(102.5±16.8)°],the preoperative height of dislocation of femoral head[(4.56±0.61)cm vs(3.10±0.73)cm],the proximal implant depth of S-ROM[(0.93±0.36)cm vs(1.67±0.28)cm]was significantly different(P＜0.05).Eleven patients in the osteotomy group still had claudication,and 4 patients in the non-osteotomy group had mild claudica-tion(P＜0.05).In non-osteotomy group,3 patients developed nerve injury(1 patient of sciatic nerve,2 patients of femoral nerve)and 1 case developed periprosthetic fracture.In osteotomy group,2 case of dislocation and 2 cases of periprosthetic fractures.Conclusion Whether osteotomy or not can achieve satisfactory results for treating Crowe type Ⅳ DDH and significantly improve LLD.However,osteotomy is more complex and time-consuming,limb length difference is greater,and the incidence of claudica-tion is higher.Furthermore,patients with smaller preoperative hip mobility,higher femoral dislocation,limb lengthening≥4 cm and severely narrow femoral proximal canals are prone to be peformed with subtrochanteric osteotomy.

Objective:To understand the baseline viral load (VL) of newly reported HIV- infected patients before antiretroviral therapy and related factors in Tianjin.Methods:Data were obtained from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and the study subjects were HIV-infected patients before the first antiretroviral therapy in Tianjin from 2019 to 2022, and the information about their socio-demographic characteristics, baseline CD4 +T lymphocyte (CD4) counts before antiretroviral therapy and baseline VL test results were collected, the baseline high VL was defined as ≥100 000 copies/ml. The effect of different factors on viral load were analyzed. Software SPSS 24.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 1 296 newly reported HIV-infected patients were included in the study, in whom 15.89% (206/1 296) had high baseline VL, and multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that those with history of STD (a OR=1.45, 95% CI:1.00-2.08) were more likely to have high baseline VL. Compared with those with baseline CD4 counts <200 cells/μl, those with baseline CD4 counts 200-350 cells/μl (a OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.27-0.57), 351-500 cells/μl (a OR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.20-0.49), and >500 cells/μl (a OR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.18-0.49) were less likely to have high baseline VL. Conclusions:The proportion of HIV-infected patients with high baseline VL before antiretroviral therapy was low in Tianjin during 2019-2022. History of STD and baseline CD4 counts <200 cells/μl were associated with high baseline VL in HIV-infected patients, to which close attention needs to be paid in AIDS prevention and control.

Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in the elderly and to screen risk factors affecting prognosis. Methods A total of 406 elderly PLA patients admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to December 2022 were selected to collect their clinical data and Microbiological culture; According to the treatment results, it is divided into improvement (Group A), deterioration or death (Group B), and logistic regression model is used to analyze the prognostic factors. Results Among the 406 patients, there were 274 males and 132 females; The common manifestation was fever in 341 cases (83.99%); The main complications were 158 cases of diabetes (38.92%), followed by 77 cases of biliary diseases (18.97%). Among 243 cases with positive Microbiological culture, 124 cases (51.03%) were Escherichia coli, followed by 46 cases (18.93%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There were 258 cases in group A and 148 cases in group B. There were significant differences between the two groups in age, liver abscess diameter, diabetes, Alkaline phosphatase, lactate deaminase, Prothrombin time, total bilirubin and globulin levels (P<0.05). Age, diameter of liver abscess, Alkaline phosphatase and Prothrombin time were independent risk factors for poor prognosis (P<0.05). Conclusion The main symptoms of elderly PLA patients are fever, diabetes and other diseases. Most of the pathogenic bacteria are Escherichia coli. Age, diameter of liver abscess, Alkaline phosphatase and Prothrombin time are factors affecting the prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of endoscopic laryngeal mask on perioperative airway management and postoperative recovery in patients undergoing gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).Methods Ninety patients,aged 18-64 years,BMI 18-25 kg/m2,ASA physical statusⅠorⅡ,who underwent elective gastric ESD were randomly divided into two groups:the endoscopic laryngeal mask group(group E)and the endotracheal tube group(group C),45 patients in each group.After induction of general anesthesia,group E received endoscopic laryngeal mask airway ventilation,and the endoscope was inserted through the endoscopic channel of the laryngeal mask,group C received tracheal intubation,and the endoscopy was inserted through the mouth.The successful time and one-time success rate of intubation,and the insertion time and withdrawal rate of endoscopy were recorded.The operative time,extubation time and PACU residence time were recorded.HR,MAP were recorded when the patient entered the room(T0),at the time of intubating(T1),inserting gastroscopy(T2),exiting gastroscopy(T3),extubation(T4),and leaving PACU(T5).The average airway pressure and peak airway pressure at T1-T3 were recorded.The airway sealing pressure and endoscopic view grading system(EVGS)grading of group E were recorded before and after changing the position,and at the end of surgery.The adverse reactions and the satisfaction of anesthesiologists and gastroenterologists were recorded.Results Compared with T0,HR and MAP were significantly increased at T1 and T4 between the two groups(P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the suc-cessful time of intubation,the extubation time,and PACU residence time were significantly shortened,HR and MAP were significantly decreased at T1 and T4,the incidence of choking cough during extubation,post-operative pharyngeal pain,and hoarseness were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).There were no signifi-cant differences in the one-time success rate of intubation,the insertion time and withdrawal rate of endosco-py between the two groups.Endoscopic laryngeal mask showed good sealing and alignment in group E.Conclusion Endoscopic laryngeal mask could shorten the success time of establishment of artificial airway in patients with gastric ESD,without interfering with digestive endoscopy operations,shorten extubation time and PACU retention time,maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability,and reduce adverse reactions.

Aim To explore the improvement effect of Bazi Bushen capsule on thymic degeneration in SAMP6 mice and the possible mechanism.Methods Twenty 12 week old male SAMP6 mice were randomly divided into the model group(SAMP6)and the Bazi Busheng capsule treatment group(SAMP6+BZBS).Ten SAMR1 mice were assigned to a homologous control group(SAMR1).The SAMP6+BZBS group was oral-ly administered Bazi Bushen capsule suspension(2.8 g·kg-1)daily,while the other two groups were orally administered an equal amount of distilled water.After nine weeks of administration,the morphology of the thymus in each group was observed and the thymus in-dex was calculated;HE staining was used to observe the structural changes of thymus tissue;SA-β-gal stai-ning was used to detect thymic aging;flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of thymic CD3+T cells in each group;Western blot was used to detect the levels of p16,Bax,Bcl-2,and cleaved caspase-3 proteins in thymus;immunofluorescence was applied to detect the proportion of cortical thymic epithelial cells in each group;ELISA was employed to detect IL-7 lev-els in thymus.Results Compared with the SAMP6 group,the thymic index of the SAMP6+BZBS group significantly increased(P＜0.05);the disordered thy-mic structure was significantly improved;the positive proportion of SA-β-gal staining significantly decreased(P＜0.01);the proportion of CD3+T cells apparently increased(P＜0.05);the level of p16 protein signifi-cantly decreased(P＜0.05);the level of Bcl-2 pro-tein significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the lev-el of cleaved caspase-3 protein markedly decreased(P＜0.05);the proportion of cortical thymic epithelial cells evidently increased;the level of IL-7 significantly increased(P＜0.01).Conclusions Bazi Bushen capsule can delay thymic degeneration,inhibit cell ap-optosis in thymus and promote thymic cell development in SAMP6 mice,which may be related to increasing the proportion of cortical thymic epithelial cells and promoting IL-7 secretion.

Xiaoxuming decoction is one of the classical prescriptions in ancient times,mainly used for treating stroke syndrome,with significant therapeutic effects.Recent studies have found that it is also effective for other neurological diseases besides stroke,such as facial paralysis and vertigo,but there are few reports on related achievements,lacking systematic organization and summary.This article systematically summarizes the application practice and mechanism of Xiaoxuming decoction in the above-mentioned diseases,aiming to provide a solid foundation and scientific reference for deepening the exploration of Xiaoxuming decoction in the field of nervous system disease.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of translocation of pedicled buccal fat pad in the treatment of the temporomandibular joint ankylosis(TMJA)by measuring the diameter of buccal fat pad and related anatomical structures of the transverse blood vessels,nerves and temporomandibular joint.Methods A total of 40 adult head and neck specimens were randomly divided into group A and group B,with 20 cases in each group.The morphology of the buccal fat pad in group A was observed,and its size and compression diameter through blood vessels and nerves were measured.The anatomical structures of the temporomandibular joint in group B were observed and measured.Results The volume of buccal fat pad in group A was(10.10±1.10)mL on the left side and(9.70±1.50)mL on the right side.The longitudinal axis length of buccal fat pad was(28.18±1.35)mm on the left side and(29.47±1.12)mm on the right side;Transverse axis length of buccal fat pad was(18.56±1.67)mm on the left side and(18.97±1.73)mm on the right side;There are facial artery,facial vein,maxillary artery branch,facial nerve buccal branch and so on through the buccal fat pad.In group B,the sagittal section of the temporomandibular joint disc presented S-type in 15 cases(75.0%),L-type in 3 cases(15.0%),and transitional type in 2 cases(10.0%).Anterior and posterior diameter of the articular disc was(14.42±1.94)mm on the left side and(15.34±1.37)mm on the right side;inside and outside diameter of the articular disc was(20.18±1.77)mm on the left side and(19.57±1.32)mm on the right side.Branches of maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery were respectively distributed within and outside the joint.Conclusion The pedicled buccal fat pad has a constant anatomical position,abundant blood supply,strong tissue repair,anti-infection ability and"buffer pad"function,which can reduce the formation of scar after surgery for TMJA,reduce the postoperative recurrence rate,and contribute to the recovery of joint function after surgery.