Objective: Based on observational, longitudinal and intervention study of common diseases among students in Jiangsu Province, this paper presents the current progress of two year follow up of myopia cohort regarding the association between growth parameters with progression of myopia among children and adolescents in areas with rapid economic growth. Methods: This survey adopted the stratified cluster sampling method for school selection. The full automatic computer optometry (TOPCON RM800) was used to track myopia related parameters for all participants from 2019 to 2020 under the condition of mydriasis (compound topicamide eye drops). Relationship between growth parameters of children and adolescents and the incidence and progression of myopia was analyzed by using Cox regression multiple statistical model. Results: The myopia rates of students from grade 1 to grade 3 in 2019 were 5.4%, 21.5% and 37.3% respectively. After one year, the myopia rates of all school stages increased to 25.3%, 43.3% and 58.1% respectively( χ 2=53.59, 49.63, 32.52, P <0.01). The mean diopter of right eye and left eye after mydriasis were ( 0.30± 1.24/0.39±1.26)D in 2019 and (-0.33±1.54/-0.19±1.55)D in 2020, respectively based on Cox multiple regression results, age ( HR =1.21, 95% CI =1.09-1.34), naked eye vision ( HR =0.08, 95% CI =0.07-0.11), height ( HR =0.98, 95% CI =0.97-0.99) showed a strong correlation with the incidence and progression of myopia( P <0.05). Conclusion Myopia is growing rapidly in the central region of Jiangsu Province. It is suggested that diopter, axial length, naked eye vision, age, height and other indicators should be included in the refractive archives of children and adolescents in the region.

Bayesian statistics is an approach for learning from evidences as it accumulates, combining prior distribution with current information on a quantity of interest, in which posterior distribution and inferences are being updated each time new data become available using Bayes' Theorem. Though frequentist approach has dominated medical studies, Bayesian approach has been more and more widely recognized by its flexibility and efficiency. Research and development (R&D) on anti-cancer new drugs have been so hot globally in recent years in spite of relatively high failure rate. It is the common demand of pharmaceutical enterprises and researchers to identify the optimal dose, regime and right population in the early-phase R&D stage more accurately and efficiently, especially when the following three major changes have been observed. The R&D on anticancer drugs have transformed from chemical drugs to biological products, from monotherapy to combination therapy, and the study design has also gradually changed from traditional way to innovative and adaptive mode. This also raises a number of subsequent challenges on decision-making of early R&D, such as inability to determine MTD, flexibility to deal with delayed toxicity, delayed response and dose-response changing relationships. It is because of the above emerging changes and challenges that the Bayesian approach is getting more and more attention from the industry. At least, Bayesian approach has more information for decision-making, which could potentially help enterprises achieve higher efficiency, shorter period and lower investment. This study also expounds the application of Bayesian statistics in the early R&D on anticancer new drugs, and compares and analyzes its idea and application scenarios with frequentist statistics, aiming to provide macroscopic and systematic reference for all related stakeholders.
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Humans ; Bayes Theorem ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Research Design ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Biological Products ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Objective:To study the clinical features of children with Prader-Willi syndrome(PWS).Methods:Eighteen cases of PWS were collected from July 2016 to November 2018 in Shenzhen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University.The clinical data of children with PWS were analyzed retrospectively.Results:There were 12 males and 6 females in 18 cases with PWS.The diagnosis age ranged from 25 days to 9.5 years old [(3.09±3.02) years old]. Among them, 11 cases were in infancy (≤3 years old) and 7 cases after infancy (>3 years old). The main clinical features of infants with PWS were 11 cases of gonadal dysplasia (100.0%), 11 cases of psychomotor retardation (100.0%), 10 cases of hypotonia (90.1%), 6 cases of feeding difficulty and weak cry (54.5%). After infancy the main clinical features included 7 cases of psychomotor retardation (100.0%), 5 cases of hyperphagia(71.4%), 5 cases of obesity (71.4%), 5 cases of abnormal behavior problems (71.4%) and 4 cases of visual problems (57.1%). The clinical features of all patients throughout the developmental stage were as follows: decreased fetal movement, hypoplasia, neonatal hypotonia, weak cry, feeding difficulty, psychomotor delay, hyperphagia, obesity, abnormal behavior problems, and so on.Conclusions:The clinical features of PWS vary with age.The main clinical features in the infancy are hypotonia, weak cry, difficulty feeding and gonadal dysplasia.After infancy, there are hyperphagia, obesity, behavior and visual problems.And psychomotor retardation is present in the whole developmental stage of children with PWS.Early diagnosis and treatment are important for improving the prognosis of PWS.

Objective:The antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolated from the mainland of China during the 2018-2019 influenza surveillance year were analyzed.Methods:Two thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains in the 2018-2019 influenza surveillance year were analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition test. The hemagglutinin(HA) gene of 279 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains was sequenced and analyzed. The representative strains of the dominant clades were performed for antigenic characteristics using post-vaccination human antisera.Results:Two thousand eight hundred and sixty-one (97%, 2 861/2 958) viruses characterized were antigenically similar to A/Michigan/45/2015. All HA gene of the sequenced viruses belonged to 6B.1 clade, and 269(96%, 269/279) viruses belonged to 6B.1A subclade. Compared with the vaccine virus, it had the common amino acid substitutions of S74R, S164T and I295V in the HA protein. There were several small groups with common amino acid substitutions in the 6B.1A subclade, and 51% sequenced viruses had S183P amino acid substitution in this subclade. The result of antigenic analysis using post-vaccination human antiserums showed that most of the representative strains were well inhibited by the sera.Conclusions:The antigenicity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in the mainland of China in 2018-2019 influenza surveillance year matched well with the corresponding vaccine strain, but the HA gene had genetically diverse characteristic.

Objective To investigate the effect of Ba Duan Jin sequential therapy on quality of life in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Eighty-two patients with STEMI were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The control group received standard treatment, while the experimental group was given Ba Duan Jin sequential therapy on the basis of standard treatment. The clinical efficacy was evaluated at 1 d, 3 months, 6 months after intervention by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Scale for coronary disease. Results After six months of intervention, the item score of Chinese and Western Medicine Scale of the coronary heart disease in the experimental group was significantly higher, and rehabilitative efficacy was better than that in the control group (P ＜0. 05). Conclusion Ba Duan Jin sequential therapy can effectively improve the postoperative quality of life of patients with STEMI after re-perfusion.

Objective To investigate the effect of Ba Duan Jin sequential therapy on quality of life in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Eighty-two patients with STEMI were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The control group received standard treatment, while the experimental group was given Ba Duan Jin sequential therapy on the basis of standard treatment. The clinical efficacy was evaluated at 1 d, 3 months, 6 months after intervention by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Scale for coronary disease. Results After six months of intervention, the item score of Chinese and Western Medicine Scale of the coronary heart disease in the experimental group was significantly higher, and rehabilitative efficacy was better than that in the control group (P ＜0. 05). Conclusion Ba Duan Jin sequential therapy can effectively improve the postoperative quality of life of patients with STEMI after re-perfusion.

Objective To investigate the neural mechanisms of speech motor control in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) under different strategies of motor execution control.MethodsThe techniques of the psychoacoustic and event-related potentials (ERPs) based on the altered auditory feedback paradigm were used in the present study. Two groups, including 17 PD patients and 17 healthy controls, were instructed to produce sustained vowels under the internal and external cueing tasks while hearing their voice randomly pitch-shifted downwards. The vocal responses and associated ERPs were recorded and compared across the groups and tasks.ResultsBehavioral results showed that the amplitude of acoustic compensation response was larger in PD patients than in the healthy controls (F=5.415, P=0.027), however, the main effect was not significant in the tasks (F=0.039, P=0.840). At the cortical level, PD patients produced significantly larger N1 responses to pitch perturbations in the internal cueing task related to the external cueing task (F=8.634, P=0.006), while such task effect was not observed in the healthy controls (F=1.550, P=0.231). Also, PD patients produced significantly larger N1 responses than the healthy controls in the internal cueing condition (F=5.476, P=0.026), but not in the external cueing condition (F=0.249, P=0.621). Conclusion Speech motor control in PD can be influenced by the strategies of motor execution control. Compared to the internal cueing task, the external cueing task can increase neural efficiency in the encoding of speech auditory feedback PD patients that improve auditory-motor integration for speech production.

Objective To analyze the phenotypic characteristics of antiviral-resistant influenza B viruses circulating in mainland China and to analyze the susceptibility of influenza B viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors ( NAIs) . Methods Antiviral-resistant phenotyping test was performed to analyze the NAI suscep-tibility of 1 386 influenza B viruses isolated in mainland China from April 2014 to March 2015, including the test of susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Results All of the 94 B-Victoria lineage viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Of all 1 292 B-Yamagata lineage viruses tested, 1 virus showed re-duced sensitivity to oseltamivir with NA gene containing I221T amino acid mutation, 10 viruses showed re-duced sensitivity to zanamivir with 4 having D197N amino acid mutation in NA gene, 3 viruses showed re-duced sensitivity to both oseltamivir and zanamivir with NA gene possessing D197N amino acid mutation and 1 virus carrying the A245T amino acid mutation in NA gene showed reduced sensitivity to oseltamivir and highly reduced sensitivity to zanamivir. Conclusion The majority of influenza B viruses circulating in main-land China during 2014 to 2015 were sensitive to NAIs, which indicated that NAIs could be used continually for clinical treatment of patients with influenza. Sustained monitoring of antiviral susceptibility of influenza B viruses should be emphasized for timely detection of antiviral resistant viruses and more attention should be paid to the D197N mutations in NA gene of influenza B viruses.

Objective To investigate the effects of uric acid (UA) and UA under oxidative stress on cultured human umbillical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).Methocds HUVECs were incubated with different concentration UA (0,4,8,16 mg/dL),H2O2 (500 mmol/l) and UA+H2O2 (500 mmol/l) for 24,48 and 72 hours.Then we observed the morphology of HUVECs and evaluated the proliferation of HUVECs by MTT assay.NO and ET-1 in supernatant medium was detected by ELISA.Results For the viability of HUVECs,there was no statistically significant difference between 4 mg/dL UA group and control group after incubation for 24,48 and 72 hours (P＞0.05) and between UA groups(8 mg/dL and 12 mg/dL) and control group after incubation for 24,48 and 72 hours (P＞0.05).After incubation with 12 mg/dL of UA for 48 hours or 8 mg/dL of UA for 72 hours,the viability of HUVECs decreased significantly (P ＜0.05) The viability of HUVECs in H2O2 group decreased significantly (P＜0.05).The viability of HUVECs in UA+H2O2 groups after incubation for 24 h was significantly better than H2O2 group.There was no signifiant difference in the cell viability between (8 mg/dL or 12 mg/dL) UA+H2O2 group and H2O2 group.Compared with the control group,the NO levels were decreased and the ET-1 levels were increased in the supernatants of HUVECs in 12 mg/dL UA group for 72 hours (P＜0.05).Compared with H2O2 group,the NO levels were increased and the ET-1 levels were decreased in the supematants of HUVECs in (8 mg/dL or 12 mg/dL) UA +H2O2 groups for 24 hours (P＜0.05),while for (12 mg/dL) UA +H2O2 group for 72 hours,the results were just the contary.Conclusion The effects of UA on HUVECs are related with both concentration and action rime.Acutely increased UA may protect HUVECs form injury,while long action of UA may injure HUVECs,especially under oxidative stress.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the susceptibility of influenza A (H3N2) viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors during 2011-2012 in Mainland China.

METHODSAll the tested viruses were obtained from the Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network, which covers 31 provinces in mainland China, including 408 network laboratories and 554 sentinel hospitals. In total 1 903 viruses were selected with isolation date from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012 in Mainland China, among these viruses, 721 were confirmed to be influenza A (H3N2) virus by Chinese National Influenza Center and tested for the susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir using chemiluminescence-based assay. The neuraminidase inhibitor sensitive reference virus A/Washington/01/2007 (119E) and oseltamivir resistant virus A/Texas/12/2007 (E119V) were used as control in this study. The t -test was used to compare the difference of NAI susceptibility of viruses isolated from different years.

RESULTSThe half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of A/Washington/01/2007 for oseltamivir and zanamivir was (0.10 ± 0.02) and (0.30 ± 0.05) nmol/L, respectively. The IC₅₀ of A/Texas/12/2007 for oseltamivir and zanamivir was (4.27 ± 1.60) and (0.20 ± 0.03) nmol/L, respectively. Among the 721 influenza A (H3N2) viruses, 132 influenza A (H3N2) viruses were isolated in 2011 and 589 influenza A (H3N2) viruses were isolated in 2012. The IC50 for oseltamivir ranged from 0.04 to 0.62 nmol/L for viruses isolated in 2011 and ranged from 0.02 to 0.95 nmol/L for viruses in 2012, and the IC₅₀ of all the viruses tested was within 10-fold IC₅₀ (1.0 nmol/L) of the neuraminidase inhibitor sensitive reference virus A/Washington/01/2007. The IC50 of zanamivir ranged from 0.12 to 0.80 nmol/L for viruses in 2011 and ranged from 0.04 to 0.72 nmol/L for viruses in 2012, and was within 10-fold IC₅₀ (3.0 nmol/L) of the neuraminidase inhibitor sensitive reference virus A/Washington/01/2007.

CONCLUSIONThe influenza A(H3N2) viruses isolated during 2011-2012 in Mainland China were tested to be sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir.

Antiviral Agents ; China ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; Neuraminidase ; Oseltamivir ; Zanamivir