Objective To establish the characteristic atlas of Shexiang Jiegu Capsule and determine the contents of seven active components （hydroxysafflor Yellow A, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, naringin, ligustilide, catechin, epicatechin）. Methods Octadecyl silane bonded silica gel was used as the filling agent, the mobile phase was composed of methanol-0.05% phosphoric acid by gradient elution, the detection wavelength was 245 nm, flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, column temperature was 30℃. The similarity of the fifteen batches of sample was evaluated in line with the TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）, and the contents of seven active components were determined. Results The HPLC fingerprint of Shexiang Jiegu Capsules was established. The similarity of fingerprint between fifteen batches of samples and control fingerprint was between 0.893 and 0.992. The results of methodological investigation for the determination of seven active components in fifteen batches of samples all met the requirements. Conclusion The established characteristic atlas of Shexiang Jiegu Capsules had high specificity and good repeatability, which could provide scientific basis for quality control of Shexiang Jiegu Capsules.

Cognitive impairment refers to the abnormality of the hippocampus， cortex and other parts of the brain， which is manifested by the decline of cognitive abilities such as learning， memory and attention. With the increase in people's work pressure and bad living habits， the incidence of cognitive impairment is getting higher and higher， which seriously affects people's normal life. However， there are adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal reactions and extrapyramidal reactions in Western drug treatment for cognitive impairment. Therefore， the development of a drug with relatively minimal adverse reactions is of great significance. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has the characteristics of "multi-component， multi-pathway and multi-target"， and the incidence of adverse reactions is relatively low. Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment is closely related to oxidative stress， inflammation， apoptosis， autophagy and other processes of neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）-protein kinase B （Akt） signal pathway plays an important role in the transmission of intracellular and intracellular signals， and in the regulation of cellular inflammation， apoptosis， autophagy， etc. TCM monomers， TCM extracts， and TCM compounds exert anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， anti-apoptotic and autophagy regulation effects by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to improve cognitive impairment. This review first summarized the composition and regulatory process of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， and then discussed the research progress on the improvement of cognitive impairment through the improvement of oxidative stress， inflammation， apoptosis and autophagy of neurons. Finally， the recent research status of the regulation of this signaling pathway by TCM extracts， TCM monomers and TCM compounds to improve cognitive impairment was summarized. This study provides a theoretical basis for the future study of new TCM related to cognitive impairment.

Objective To discuss the application effect of using a stone extractor balloon catheter to assist in crossing the anastomotic stenosis in treatment of anastomotic biliary stenosis after liver transplantation using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).Methods Clinical data of 48 patients who developed anastomotic biliary stenosis after liver transplantation and underwent ERCP treatment were collected.Upon unsuccessful use of a dilation catheter to cross the stricture,attempts were made to cross the anastomotic biliary stenosis by using a stone extractor balloon catheter.The success rate of the procedure was recorded,intraoperative conditions were observed,treatment outcomes and complications were analyzed.Results The main presenting symptoms in the 48 patients on admission were abdominal discomfort(32 patients),fever(7 patients),pruritus(4 patients),jaundice(3 patients),and no obvious symptoms(2 patients).Preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)examination revealed isolated stricture of the anastomotic site in 35 cases,and stricture associated with stones in 13 cases.Using the stone extractor balloon catheter as a guide,guidewire crossing of the anastomotic stenosis was successful in 26 cases,resulting in a success rate of 54.17%(26/48).Through statistical analysis of the successful group and the failed group,there was a significant difference in whether the distal biliary dilatation between the two groups,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 = 8.39,P = 0.004).In the 26 successfully treated cases,alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(γ-GT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and total bilirubin(TBiL)levels decreased significantly 48 hours after the procedure(P<0.05),and no serious complications occurred.Conclusion The use of a stone extractor balloon catheter significantly increases the success rate of crossing anastomotic stenosis in the treatment of anastomotic biliary stenosis after liver transplantation,especially in cases with distal dilatation of the common bile duct.This approach is safe and worth promoting.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of ultra-high resolution CT(U-HRCT)in demonstrating and evaluating ethmoidal foramen in the medial wall of the orbit.METHODS Nine cadavers(18 side orbits)fixed in 10%buffered formalin were enrolled and underwent U-HRCT and multislice helical CT(MSCT).Subjective and objective evaluations of image quality were performed by two experienced radiologists independently.Anterior,middle,and posterior ethmoidal foramen(AEF,MEF,and PEF)were recorded and the distance among them was measured.RESULTS The results of subjective and objective evaluations were not significant differences between evaluators and consistency was strong.CNR of U-HRCT and MSCT were 43.09±8.87 and 11.04±0.66 and SNR were 2.13±1.45 and 0.55±0.13,respectively.CNR and SNR of U-HRCT were significantly higher than MSCT(P<0.05).Objective scores of the U-HRCT and MSCT groups were 10.00 points(9.00 points,10.00 points)and 6.00 points(5.75 points,7.00 points).Objective scores of the U-HRCT were higher than MSCT(P<0.05).All eighteen AEF were shown by U-HRCT and MSCT.Among 18 PEF showed by U-HRCT,17 of them demonstrated by MSCT,and no significant difference was found in the display rate between groups(P>0.05).Nine MEF(7 single hole and 2 double holes)were found by U-HRCT,but only 2 of them were shown by MSCT.The MEF display rate of U-HRCT was higher than MSCT(P<0.05).The distance from MEF to AEF,from MEF to PEF,and from AEF to PEF were(9.43±1.13)mm,(4.75±1.09)mm,(14.18±1.14)mm,respectively.CONCLUSION U-HRCT is better to evaluate ethmoidal foramen than MSCT.It could be used to show the number and position of ethmoidal foramen before surgery to avoid complications.

Purpose/Significance To classify the elderly according to their heterogeneous health status,and to explore the potential categories and influencing factors status,so as to promote the precision of health information services for the elderly.Method/Process Based on the data of the China health and retirement longitudinal study(CHARLS)database in 2018,the elderly are classified according to their health status by the method of latent class analysis,and the main influencing factors are identified by regression analysis.Result/Conclusion The elderly could be divided into 4 categories according to their health status.Age,sex,education level and retirement sta-tus are significant factors affecting the health grouping of the elderly.According to the heterogeneous health characteristics of the elderly,the service optimization strategy should be provided to promote the physical and mental health of the elderly.

The neural circuit is the material carrier for the realization of brain function,consisting of a complex network of different neurons.Neural circuit identification technology tracks the structure and activity of specific neural circuits,to study their adequacy and necessity for brain function,which is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of brain diseases.As a high-tech tool in the fields of neuroscience and brain science,neural circuit identification technology has been gradually introduced into basic traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)research in recent years.This systematic review considers the principles of neural circuit identification technology and progress in its application in the field of TCM neuroscience.We note that future developments in this field should be based on the overall concept of TCM characteristics and the design of syndrome differentiation and treatment.Further research on the neural circuit mechanisms of diverse method of TCM in diseases will help to promote the deep integration of TCM and modern neuroscience.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic values of H2FPEF and HFA-PEFF scores for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)and HFpEF complicated with atrial fibrillation(HFpEF-AF)in Chinese patients and explore the related factors.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 835 consecutive HFpEF patients treated in the Department of Geriatric Cardiology,the First Hospital of Lanzhou Uni-versity from 2009 to 2020 were selected and assigned to a HFpEF-AF group(n =267)and a HFpEF group(n = 568)according to the presence of AF or not.HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores were used for retrospective diagnosis and the diagnostic consistency of the two scores was assessed.One hundred and thirty-six healthy volunteers with age and sex matching the patients during the same period were selected as healthy controls.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were established for H2FPEF and HFA-PEFF scores in diagnosing HFpEF-AF and HFpEF,on the basis of which the diagnostic performance of the two scores was evaluated.Results There was no difference in the HFA-PEFF score between the two groups(P =0.070).However,the HFpEF-AF group had higher mean H2FPEF score and higher proportion of patients with the score no less than 6 than the HFpEF group(P<0.001).According to the ROC curves,HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores demonstrated high perform-ance in diagnosing all HFpEF patients,with the area under the curve(AUC)of 0.892 and 0.922 and the opti-mal cut-offs of 4 and 4,respectively.The HFA-PEFF score showed similar performance in diagnosing HFpEF and HFpEF-AF,with the AUC of 0.899 and 0.911,respectively.The H2FPEF score had higher performance in di-agnosing HFpEF-AF(AUC of approximately 1.000)and low performance in diagnosing HFpEF(AUC of 0.885).Conclusions The HFA-PEFF score is applicable in the diagnosis of both HFpEF and HFpEF-AF.The H2FPEF score may underestimate HFpEF in Chinese patients,and its applicability in the Chinese patients with HFpEF alone remains to be investigated.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new combination treatment of vinorelbine and pyrotinib in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and provide higher level evidence for clinical practice. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, single-arm, phase 2 trial conducted at three institutions in China. Patients with HER2-positive MBC, who had previously been treated with trastuzumab plus a taxane or trastuzumab plus pertuzumab combined with a chemotherapeutic agent, were enrolled between March 2020 and December 2021. All patients received pyrotinib 400 mg orally once daily plus vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 intravenously or 60-80 mg/m2 orally on day 1 and day 8 of 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints included the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival, and safety. Results: A total of 39 patients were enrolled. All patients had been pretreated with trastuzumab and 23.1% (n=9) of them had accepted trastuzumab plus pertuzumab. The median follow-up time was 16.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3 to 27.2), and the median PFS was 6.4 months (95% CI, 4.0 to 8.8). The ORR was 43.6% (95% CI, 27.8% to 60.4%) and the DCR was 84.6% (95% CI, 69.5% to 94.1%). The median PFS of patients with versus without prior pertuzumab treatment was 4.6 and 8.3 months (p=0.017). The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were diarrhea (28.2%), neutrophil count decreased (15.4%), white blood cell count decreased (7.7%), vomiting (5.1%), and anemia (2.6%). Conclusion Pyrotinib plus vinorelbine showed promising efficacy and tolerable toxicity as second-line treatment in patients with HER2-positive MBC.

Objective:Plateau hypoxia exposure causes changes in pharmacokinetic parameters and cerebral-blood distribution of drugs,including many substrates of P-glycoprotein(P-gp).Levetiracetam,a kind of antiepileptic drugs,is a substrate of P-gp.Whether plateau hypoxia exposure changes its pharmacokinetic characteristics and cerebral-blood distribution remains unclear.This study aims to investigate the effects of plateau hypoxia on the pharmacokinetics and cerebra-blood distribution of levetiracetam. Methods:Wistar rats were divided into a low-altitude control group,a high-altitude group,a solvent group,and a P-gp induction group.After 24 h of exposure at altitude of 4 010 m,rats in the high-altitude group were given levetiracetam orally or intravenously.The plasma was respectively collected at 0.083,0.25,0.5,0.83,1.25,2,4,6,8,10,12,and 24 h after oral administration of the drug,while both plasma and brain were respectively collected at 5,45,60,120 and 240 min after intravenous injection.After 3 days administration of dexamethasone,plasma and brain of rats in the P-gp induction group were collected at 120 min after intravenously giving levetiracetam.Plasma and brain concentrations of the drug were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).The expression of P-gp in blood-brain barrier was detected by Western blotting. Results:Compared with the low-altitude control group,the area under the curve(AUC)and mean residence time(MRT)of levetiracetam were respectively decreased by 14.69%(P<0.01)and 15.42%(P<0.01),while the clearance(CL)was increased by 16.67%(P<0.01)in the high-altitude group.The ratio of brain/blood plasma drug concentration was decreased by 22.82%(P<0.05),12.42%(P<0.05),17.40%(P<0.01),and 13.22%(P<0.01)at 5,45,120,and 240 min after injection,respectively.The expression of P-gp on the blood-brain barrier was increased by 86.3%(P<0.05).Compared with the solvent control group,the expression of P-gp on the blood-brain barrier in the P-gp induction group was increased by 56.3%(P<0.05),the ratio of brain/blood plasma drug concentration was decreased by 19.3%(P<0.05). Conclusion:After acute plateau hypoxia exposure,the pharmacokinetic of levetiracetam in rats are altered,and the cerebral-blood distribution of the drug in rats is decreased,which may be related to the up-regulation of P-gp expression on the blood-brain barrier.

Objective:To compare the effectiveness of awake prone positioning (APP) care combined with standardized nursing and standardized nursing care in the prevention of early postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in elderly patients with hip fracture.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 84 elderly patients with hip fracture Admitted to Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from February 2021 to August 2021. There were 31 males and 53 females, aged 67-96 years [(82.3±6.3)years]. Fracture types were femoral neck fracture ( n=45) and intertrochanteric fracture ( n=39). Surgical procedures included closed reduction internal fixation ( n=39), hip hemiarthroplasty ( n=35), and total hip arthroplasty ( n=10). Among them, 42 patients received standardized nursing care and APP intervention (APP combined with standardized nursing care group), while the remaining 42 patients received standardized nursing care only (standardized nursing care group). The incidence rate of PPCs (including pneumonia, respiratory failure, pleural effusion, atelectasis and pulmonary edema) within 30 postoperative days, arterial oxygen pressure (PaO 2), arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO 2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2) on the 4th postoperative day, difference in PaO 2 between the 4th postoperative day and emergency visit, clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) on the 4th postoperative day, and number of adverse events related to APP were compared between the two groups. Results:All the patients were followed up for 30-90 days [(86.1±16.5)days]. The incidence rates of PPCs and type 1 postoperative respiratory failure in the APP combined with standardized nursing care group were 16.7% (7/42) and 4.8% (2/42), and were 35.7% (15/42) and 21.4% (9/42) in the standardized nursing care group (all P<0.05). The PaO 2 and SaO 2 on the 4th postoperative day, and difference in PaO 2 between the 4th postoperative day and emergency visit were (82.0±8.8)mmHg, 0.96±0.01, and 3.2 (-1.9, 8.0)mmHg in the APP combined with standardized nursing care group, and were (74.3±12.1)mmHg, 0.94±0.03, and -7.6 (-17.2, 1.1)mmHg in the standardized nursing care group (all P<0.01). The CPIS on the 4th postoperative day was 2.0 (1.0, 3.0)points in the APP combined with standardized nursing care group and 4.0 (1.0, 7.0)points in the standardized nursing care group ( P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of pneumonia, type I respiratory failure, pleural effusion, atelectasis and pulmonary edema within 30 postoperative days, as well as PaCO 2 on the 4th postoperative day between the two groups (all P>0.05). None of the patients experienced adverse events related to APP. Conclusion:For elderly patients with hip fracture, compared with standardized nursing care, application of APP combined with standardized nursing care can significantly decrease the incidence rate of early PPCs, especially type I respiratory failure, and improve postoperative oxygenation.