This article explores the application of Professor Zhou Zhongying's"focus on the core pathogenesis"concept in the con-text of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and examines how Academician Tong Xiaolin has inherited and developed Professor Zhou's experi-ences.Influenced by Professor Zhou Zhongying's academic thoughts and considering the contemporary context,Academician Tong Xia-olin,drawing on years of clinical experience,has proposed a new set of Nineteen Pathogenic Factors.Building upon the foundation of the Nineteen Pathogenic Factors in the The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic,this new framework enriches and expands the understanding of disease location,etiology and pathogenesis,disease classification,and pays attention to a comprehensive understanding of diseases.It emphasizes that the process of seeking the underlying mechanisms should be approached from three aspects:dynamic,state,and condition,rather than solely focusing on the immediate clinical manifestations.This comprehensive approach to understand-ing disease development offers a fresh perspective and contributes to the application of traditional Chinese Medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of modern diseases.

The Menghe Medical School is a highly influential academic school of Chinese medicine in China.Its academic features are mainly learning from others'strengths,openness and tolerance;integrity as the foundation,communication as the strength;harmo-ny as the way,and agility as the technique.The Menghe Medical School originated in Menghe,developed in Shanghai,spread all over the country,and spread around the world.The reasons for the prosperity and development of the Menghe Medical School are analyzed.Among them,imperial doctors being rewarded and supported,the stars having their roots in Menghe,inheritance from teach-ers by blood,help from in-laws,and the establishment of education and leadership in development are the main factors.On the basis of inheriting the scholarship of Menghe Medical School,Professor Tong Xiaolin innovatively proposed academic ideas such as the train-ing path of Xiang thinking,state-target differentiation and treatment,and dosage and effectiveness of prescriptions and medicines,pushing the academic thought of Menghe Medical School to a new theoretical peak in the new era.Based on the majestic development path of the Menghe Medical School,the implications for the inheritance,innovation and development of modern Chinese medicine are analyzed.

Liver transplant patients require lifelong immunotherapy， and if they are infected by SARS-Cov-2， their immune function will face double whammy. This report described the integrated approach of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of a liver transplant patient with severe COVID-19. The treatment was involved with western medicine such as antiviral， immunosuppressive， focusing on maintaining immune balance. Traditional Chinese medicine was given based on the differentiation of syndromes， targeting at the core pathogenesis and using methods such as promoting qi circulation， clearing heat and resolving dampness， draining lung and relieving panting. Following the treatment， the patient exhibited notable improvement in clinical symptoms and liver function， leading to the effective cessation of disease progression and a shortened recovery period.

“Cold-dampness entering ying （营）” is the key to the worsening of cold-dampness epidemic， and is more common in the elderly or critically ill cases of cold-dampness epidemic with pathogen exuberance and healthy qi deficiency. This paper reported a case of critically ill COVID-19 combined with multiple organ dysfunction treated by integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine based on “cold-dampness entering ying” theory. The patient did not have high fever after being infected with SARS-Cov-2， but D-dimer continued to increase， and she developed multiple thrombosis throughout the body and multiple organ dysfunctions such as pulmonary embolism， edema， oliguria， and shock. The patient were with enlarged and dusky tongue， with yellow， thick and greasy coating， and sublingual blood stasis， and thready， rapid and rough pulse. All these were characteristic manifestations of “cold-dampness entering ying”， and was differentiated as cold-dampness stasis. For the treatment， symptomatic and supportive western medicine of improving heart function， anti-infection， relieving asthma， stopping cough and reducing phlegm was given as the basic therapy， and additionally， traditional Chinese medicine to open the constraint and the blocked， save from collapse and restore yang， boost qi and relieve collapse， invigorate blood and drain water was used， usually with Modified Poge Zilong Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction （破格子龙宣白承气汤加减）， which was in accordance with the pathogenesis and thus achieving good effect.

This paper reported a case of severe COVID-19 in the recovery stage with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated by integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine， with the intention of shedding light on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of similar conditions. The patient， who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia， developed COVID-19 infection during the bone marrow suppression period after chemotherapy. Treatment with western medicine was mainly anti-infection， symptomatic management， and supportive care. During the recovery stage， considering the patient's chemotherapy history and disease progression， the overall syndrome was identified as deficiency of both qi and yin and binding of phlegm and blood. Based on the “state-target” combined treatment strategy， herbal prescriptions were selected and modified to address the “deficiency state”， “disease target”， and “symptom target”. In addition to western medicine， the patient was administered with Shengmai Powder （生脉散） and Compound Zhebei Granules （复方浙贝颗粒） in its modifications to boost qi， nourish yin， and reinforce healthy qi， nourish and cool the blood， ultimately achieving satisfactory therapeutic effects.

It is the current confusion encountered by integrated Chinese and Western medicine that how to find the breakthrough direction of integrating Chinese and Western medicine， from crossover to integration to innovation， and open up a new horizon of integrated Chinese and Western medicine. The progress of Chinese medicine lay in expanding the scope of diagnosis and treatment with the help of modern diagnostic and therapeutic equipments and developing “micro” identification， while the progress of Western medicine lay in looking at “macro” and developing systemic medicine and integrated medicine， both of which are in the direction of each other. The “state-target identification and treatment” may become an important way to build a modern diagnosis and treatment system of integrated Chinese and Western medicine， and the thinking mode of “from target to state” is a further refinement and development on the basis of the theoretical system of “state-target identification and treatment”， which provided a clearer solution for the current stage of the integrated Chinese and Western medicine model， and pointed out the important development direction for the future integrated Chinese and Western medicine. From the perspective of strategic level and diagnosis and treatment practice， it integrated the “target-state” thinking mode into the modern diagnosis and treatment model of the integrated Chinese and Western medicine， i.e.， “Western medicine as the basis and treating with Chinese medicine； Chinese medicine as the basis and treating with Western medicine”. On the one hand， Western medicine should strengthen the reference to the traditional theories and holism of Chinese medicine， and advocate a higher level of education on the integrated Chinese and Western medicine under the guidance of the traditional theories of Chinese medicine. On the other hand， the “from target to state” mode of thinking should be applied to guide the establishment of diagnostic and treatment strategies and clinical selection of medicines in clinical practice， so as to locate the target and adjust the body state in a gradual and orderly manner， and to provide practical methods for the modern clinical work of the integrated Chinese and Western medicines. Chinese and Western medicine systems can learn from each other， combine organically， give full play to their respective strengths， and form an internal law， so as to make breakthroughs and innovations in the integrated Chinese and Western medicine model.

Building on a clear understanding of the diagnosis and treatment patterns for cold-damp epidemics， and incorporating the insights of Academician TONG Xiaolin regarding the differentiation and treatment of such epidemics， this article have distilled the key diagnostic principles. These principles primarily entail observing color and pulse， initially distinguishing between yin and yang， with treatment focusing on dispelling cold and dampness. A comprehensive approach is adopted throughout treatment， with a combination of overall strategies and tailored treatments that evolve in line with the patient's condition. In critical and severe cases， particular attention is given to aspects such as sweating， pulse analysis， and consciousness， preventing the pathogen from penetrating deeply. Efforts are made to open and close organ networks， expelling external pathogens without fixating on resolving constipation. The dosage and efficacy of herbal remedies are adjusted based on individual circumstances and clinical symptoms. The objective is to eliminate pathogens comprehensively， while being vigilant against relapses， ultimately achieving a full recovery. This overview of the thought processes and clinical principles for diagnosing and treating cold-damp epidemics will guide precise clinical practices and provide a theoretical foundation for the involvement of traditional Chinese medicine in epidemic prevention and treatment.

We report a case of a long-term survivor of heart transplant who developed severe COVID-19 and was treated with a traditional Chinese medicine combined with conventional medicine. Throughout the treatment， the patient received active conventional medical treatment， and traditional Chinese medicine interventions included tonifying qi， invigorating the spleen and transforming phlegm， promoting yang and eliminating stagnation， resolving dampness and dissipating phlegm， and promoting blood circulation and eliminating stasis. The main therapeutic principles adopted were to recuperating depleted yang and rescuing the patient from collapse and to resolve phlegm and promote water. Pogezilong Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction （破格子龙宣白承气汤） with modifications was administered. In summary， it is crucial to the timely adjust the immunosuppressive regimen， combine use of various anti-infective agents with a focus on COVID-19， to protect of cardiac and renal function， and to integrate traditional Chinese medicine in the entire treatment process. As this case is rare， the diagnostic and therapeutic methods in traditional Chinese medicine， the use of immunosuppressive agents， and follow-up monitoring strategies can be a valuable reference.

We reported a case of a patient dignosed as tuberculosis and severe malnutrition with coronavirus disease 2019 （critical type） treated with a combination of Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Through the retrospective analysis of the diagnosis and treatment process of this patient， on the basis of Chinese medicine's understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of “old state” and “deficient state”， the critical coronavirus pneumonia combined with pulmonary tuberculosis and severe malnutrition was mostly due to the physical condition and the invasion of epidemic toxin， resulting in dysfunctions of the internal organs such as the lungs， spleens， kidneys and other organs. Based on the understanding of the cause and mechanism of the coronavirus disease， the treatment combined Chinese and Western medical therapies was given. The western medicine was used with the main treatments of oxygen therapy， anti-viral， intestinal nutritional support， and anti-coagulation， while the Chinese medicine was used by tonifying qi， blood， yin， and yang， warming yang and dissipating cold， and clearing heat and dampness， then tonifying qi， nourishing yin and eliminating heat， in which tonifying middle and replenishing qi ran through the whole process. The integrated treatment eventually improved the patient's symptoms and accelerated the negative conversion of nucleic acid of the coronavirus.

Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence of stroke in Jindong District, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2022, so as to provide to the evidence for improving the stroke control strategy. Methods: The incidence of stroke in Jindong District from 2016 to 2022 was collected through the Zhejiang Chronic Disease Monitoring Information System, and standardized by the data of the Chinese National Population Census in 2010. The gender-, age- and subtype-specific incidence of stroke was calculated, and the trends in stroke incidence were investigated with average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 9 159 stroke cases were reported in Jindong District from 2016 to 2022, with crude incidence of 386.52/105 and standardized incidence of 276.75/105. The crude incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=3.704%, 95%CI: 0.792%-6.700%, P<0.05), while the standardized incidence showed no significant changing patterns (P>0.05). The crude incidence of stroke was significantly higher among men than among women (438.69/105 vs. 334.66/105; χ2=14.028, P<0.05), and the standardized incidence of stroke was significantly higher among men than among women (316.58/105 vs. 237.31/105; χ2=6.985, P<0.05). The crude incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise with age（χ2=5 290.180, P<0.05), and the crude incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a decline with age among residents at ages of 45 to 64 years (AAPC=-9.135%, 95%CI: -15.003% to -2.861%, P<0.05), while no significant changing patterns were found in the crude incidence of stroke among residents at other age groups (P>0.05). The crude incidence of ischemic stroke was significantly higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke (306.08/105 vs. 76.89/105; χ2=137.184, P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise in Jindong District from 2016 to 2022, with ischemic stroke as the predominant subtype. Male and middle-aged and elderly populations should be given a high priority for stroke control.