ObjectiveTo explore the differences between the ancient decocting methods and modern decocting method of Yihuangtang by taking the dry extract rate， the content of active ingredients and the fingerprint information as indicators， so as to provide reference for the preparation of benchmark samples and the development of compound preparations of this famous classical formula. MethodAccording to the three decocting methods recorded in Paozhi Dafa and Jianming Yigou and Management Specifications of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Chambers in Medical Institutions， the Yihuangtang was decocted respectively. The polysaccharide content in the samples was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer （UV） at 488 nm， and the contents of alkaloids （berberine hydrochloride， phellodendrine chloride and magnoflorine） in the samples and their fingerprint profiles were determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， and the dry extract rate was combined to compare the differences of the three decocting methods of Yihuangtang. Among them， the fingerprint was gradient eluted with acetonitrile （A） -0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （B） as mobile phase （0-10 min， 5%-8%A； 10-35 min， 8%A； 35-45 min， 8%-12% A； 45-75 min， 12%-17%A； 75-105 min， 17%-35%A； 105-110 min， 35%-100%A； 110-112 min， 100%-5%A； 112-122 min， 5%A）， and the detection wavelength was 230 nm. ResultWhen the decoction was carried out according to the method described in Paozhi Dafa， the content of polysaccharides was higher than that of the modern decocting method and the method described in Jianming Yigou. However， the contents of berberine hydrochloride， phellodendrine chloride and magnoflorine were the highest in the modern decocting method. Meanwhile， the number of peaks in fingerprint of the samples prepared by the three decocting methods was basically the same， and 13 common peaks were matched， and the three common peaks of berberine hydrochloride， phellodendrine chloride and magnoflorine were identified. However， the relative peak areas of the common peaks in the fingerprint of the samples prepared by the three decocting methods varied greatly， suggesting that there were differences in the extracting effects of different decocting methods. In addition， there were also differences in the dry extract rate among the three decocting methods of Yihuangtang， and the highest value was obtained by decocting the samples according to the method recorded in Paozhi Dafa. ConclusionDecocting method can affect the dry extract rate， fingerprint information and active ingredient content of Yihuangtang， among which the modern decocting method is conducive to the extraction of alkaloids and the preparation transformation of this famous classical formula， and it is recommended to determine its preparation process by optimizing the modern decocting method.

Interleukin (IL)-17A, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is a fundamental function in the onset and advancement of multiple immune diseases. To uncover the primary compounds with IL-17A inhibitory activity, a large-scale screening of the library of traditional Chinese medicine constituents and microbial secondary metabolites was conducted using splenic cells from IL-17A-GFP reporter mice cultured under Th17-priming conditions. Our results indicated that some aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides isolated from a wetland mud-derived fungus, Myrothecium gramineum, showed remarkable IL-17A inhibitory activity. Nine new aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides, myrogramins A-I ( 1, 4- 11), and two known ones ( 2 and 3) were isolated and identified from the strain. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 10, and 11 exhibited significant IL-17A inhibitory activity. Among them, compound 3, with a high fermentation yield dose-dependently inhibited the generation of IL-17A and suppressed glycolysis in splenic cells under Th17-priming conditions. Strikingly, compound 3 suppressed immunopathology in both IL-17A-mediated animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and pulmonary hypertension. Our results revealed that aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides are a novel class of immunomodulators with IL-17A inhibitory activity, and hold great promise applications in treating IL-17A-mediated immune diseases.

Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a parasitic disease with biological characteristics similar to malignant tumor. It has no obvious clinical symptoms in the early stage. Most patients have complications such as jaundice, ascites and gastrointestinal bleeding when they see a doctor. At this time, the course of disease is at an advanced stage. In addition, the incomplete resection of the AE lesion(s) leads to a high postoperative recurrence rate, which has a serious impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Based on the summary of the latest research at home and abroad and the analysis of blood supply, microvascular invasion and vascular growth factor expression in the "infiltrating zone" adjacent to the lesions of hepatic AE, this article has a deep understanding of the occurrence and development process of hepatic AE, aiming to better guide clinical practice and improve the quality of life of patients.
Humans ; Echinococcosis, Hepatic/surgery* ; Quality of Life ; Physical Examination

Objective: To understand the impact of violent video games exposure, self control level and coping style on aggressive behavior of junior high school students in Shanghai, and provide a basis for future interventions to effectively reduce adolescents aggressive behavior. Methods: Cluster sampling was used to select 1 886 students of 4 public middle schools in Shanghai from May to June 2019. The data was collected included Violent Video Game Use Habits Questionnaire, Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire, Adolescent Self Control Dual System Scale and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire. Results: According to the potential profile analysis, the level of aggressive behavior of junior school students in Shanghai could be divided into four groups, which was low aggressive group，middle aggressive group one, middle aggressive group two and high aggressive group according to level of aggregate. After controlling for gender and age, multivariate Logistic regression showed that exposure to violent video games, impulse system and negative response were risk factors for aggressive behavior( P <0.05); using low aggressive group as control group，the OR of violent video games in other three groups were 1.26, 1.30 and 1.70 respectively. The OR of impulse system were 2.96 , 4.40 and 6.84 respectively. The OR of negative response were 1.17, 1.42 and 1.74 respectively. Positive response was a protective factor( P <0.05). Using low aggressive group as control group, the OR of positive in other three groups were 0.82, 0.52 and 0.49 respectively. Conclusion Violent video game exposure, impulsive system and negative coping style can increase the level of aggressive behavior of junior high school students, while positive coping style can reduce the level of aggression of junior middle school students.

[摘 要] 目的：以磷酸化蛋白质组学技术分析抗菌肽merecidin处理人肺腺癌A549细胞后细胞内磷酸化蛋白质表达的差异，探究merecidin对肺腺癌A549细胞蛋白质活性、功能的影响以及涉及的信号通路。方法：采用9 μmol/L merecidin处理肺腺癌A549细胞6 h，收集并提取总蛋白，SDS-PAGE检验全蛋白提取效果，加入胰酶来对蛋白质进行酶解。酶解所获肽段用TMT标记、采用HPLC分级分离、经IMAC磷酸化修饰富集以及液相色谱-质谱联用（HPLC-MS/MS）分离肽段。使用localization probability>0.75的标准对鉴定数据进行过滤，利用GO（Gene Ontology）数据库、KEGG（KyotoEncyclopedia of Genes and Genomes）数据库和STRING数据库对磷酸化蛋白组学数据进行分析。结果：SDS-PAGE 结果显示，经9 μmol/L merecidin处理后的A549细胞全蛋白分离效果清晰、无明显降解，且实验组与对照组条带差异明显；质谱共鉴定出位于3 089个蛋白上的10 320个磷酸化修饰位点，以|Fold change|>或<1.5且P<0.05为阈值从中筛选出差异明显的753个蛋白质及其1 172个磷酸化位点。蛋白质功能富集显示，磷酸化水平显著变化的蛋白质功能主要集中在蛋白质分子结合、代谢活性、分子功能调节、细胞进程、生物功能调节等方面；整合通路生物信息学分析结果显示，差异蛋白与Ras、PI3K/AKT、mTOR、AMPK等多条通路相关联；经过COG数据库筛选，发现差异性磷酸化蛋白主要集中在细胞信号转导、RNA转录、翻译后加工和修饰、核糖体合成蛋白质、细胞骨架蛋白形成及细胞内的物质转运和分泌、囊泡运输等多个方面；蛋白质互相作用层面分析结果显示，merecidin处理后的A549细胞中形成以MAPK1、RPL23A、SRSF3H、NCBP1等为关键蛋白的相互作用网，其中ATG2B、ULK1等蛋白显著上调，MAPK1、AKT1等蛋白显著下调。结论：磷酸化蛋白组学分析结果显示，抗菌肽merecidin可能通过MAPK、RPL23A、SRSF3H和AKT1等关键蛋白质在多方面生物功能和多条信号通路中发挥作用，促进肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡和自噬，从而抑制细胞的增殖。

Objective: To investigate the effects of antimicrobial peptides merecidin on the biological functions of human lung adenocarcinomaA549 cells and the potential signaling pathways and targets that involved in promoting apoptosis, by studying the changes of phosphorylation levels of proteins in A549 cells after merecidin treatment. Methods: The antibacterial peptide mericidin (9 μmol/L) was applied to treat A549 cells for 6 h, and the total protein was collected and extracted. The peptide was digested by trypsin and labeled with TMT, and then fractionated by HPLC. The phosphorylated peptides were enriched with IMAC-Fe, and finally subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. Library identification and quantification of phosphorylated peptides obtained by mass spectrometry were processed using MaxQuant software, to further analyze the functions and pathways of differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins by combining with bioinformatic analysis. Results: Through IPA analysis of phosphorylated proteins in the normal control group and the antibacterial peptide merecidin treatment group, 753 differentially phosphorylated proteins in mericidin treatment group were screened out under the conditions of |Fold Change|≥2 and P<0.05, including 229 significantly up-regulated genes and 417 down-regulated genes. Among them, the differentially expressed proteins related to apoptosis included RB1, MAPK1, ARAF, PTK2, FOXO, MARCKSandsoon.Theresultsofbiologicalprocessanalysisshowedthatdifferentiallyexpressed phosphorylated proteins were mainly concentrated in cell signal transduction, degradation and transport of nucleic acid, and cellular energy metabolism, protein translation and synthesis, and cytoskeleton formation etc. The enrichment results showed that the differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were mainly involved in apoptosis-related MAPK, ErbB, PI3K-Akt, and Ras signaling pathways. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicated the associations among apoptosis-related proteins PTK2, PRKCA, MA2PK2, MAPK1, and LMNA. Conclusion: The antibacterial peptide merecidin may induce apoptosis and alteration of other cell functions by affecting a variety of genes and signaling pathways such as RB1, MAPK1,ARAF, PTK2, FOXO and MARCKS etc.

Objective To observe the effects of massage along meridians based on different stages of Brunnstrom on lower extremity function in patients with convalescent stroke. Methods Ninety patients with convalescent stroke and lower limb dysfunction who were hospitalized in our hospital's brain center from September 2016 to August 2018 were selected. They were randomly assigned to an observation group of 45 patients and a control group of 45 patients. Both groups were given basic rehabilitation therapy. The control group was given conventional exercise therapy, and the observation group was given additional massage based on different stages of Brunnstrom. The two groups were treated for6 weeks, and the FMA-L, MAS and BBS scores before and after treatment were evaluated. Results There were no significant differences in FMA-L, MAS and BBS scores between the two groups (P>0.05). After 6 weeks of treatment, the FMA-L and BBS scores of the two groups were significantly higher than the pre-treatment scores, while the MAS scores were lower than the pre-treatment scores (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the improvement of FMA-L and BBS scores and the reduction of MAS score in the observation group was more significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion On the basis of conventional treatment methods, the application of massage therapy based on different stages of Brunnstrom is more helpful to improve the balance function of patients during stroke recovery, reduce muscle tension of lower limbs and to improve functional activities of lower limbs.

Objective To analyze the effects of Hual qi huang granules on children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Methods A randomized,multicenter parallel controlled clinical trial was carried out.A total of 3 000 cases of hospitalized children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were selected.All of them were given treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with macrolide antibiotics and symptomatic treatment.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:research group and control group.The children of research group were give oral Huai qi huang granules for three months.According to the classification of pneumonia,these two groups were divided into:lobar pneumonia research group,lobar pneumonia control group,lobular pneumonia research group,lobular pneumonia control group.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay,the absorption area of lung inflammation and pneumonia severity sores were observed.The frequency of upper respiratory infections,bronchitis,pneumonia were observed in 3 months after discharge.Results 2 378 cases were investigated.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay of research group were significantly shorter than that of in control group (P ＜ 0.001).The children with lobar pneumonia,2 weeks after treatment,the absorption of consolidation of the lobar pneumonia research group is significantly better than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜0.001).After two weeks treatment,the pneumonia scores of lobar pneumonia research group is lower than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜ 0.05).Followup of 3 months after hospital discharge,frequency of upper respiratory infection and bronchitis of research group,were significantly lower than that of control.In addition,appetite increased significantly in research group than control (P ＜ 0.001).There are 21 cases with drug associated adverse reactions (mild diarrhea),including 12 cases of research group,9 cases of control group,and there was no statistical significance (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Standard treatment combined with oral Huai qi huang granules in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,can significantly shorten hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay and reduce the severity score of pneumonia.Three months oral Huai qi huang granules can significant reduce the frequency of respiratory infections and bronchitis,also can increase patients appetite,and be safe.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 7 active constituents in Tangshen qing-du granule. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of SHIMADZU Inert Sustain C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength was 327 nm for chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid,280 nm for baicalin,228 nm for arctiin and 276 nm for wogonoside,baicalein and wogonin,column temperature was 35℃,and injection volume was 10 μL. RESULTS:The linear range was 4.830-154.6 μg/mL for chlorogenic acid and(r=0.9998),0.750-24.1 μg/mL for caffeic acid(r=0.9997),22.859-731.5 μg/mL for baicalin(r=0.9997),8.491-271.7 μg/mL for arctiin(r=0.9993),2.471-79.0μg/mL for wogonoside(r=0.9996),6.656-213.0 μg/mL for baicalein(r=0.9994) and 2.756-88.2 μg/mL for wogonin (r=0.9998);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0%,recoveries were 96.86%-100.82%(RSD=1.46%,n=6),98.79%-101.09%(RSD=0.93%,n=6),97.57%-101.51%(RSD=1.37%,n=6),97.76%-99.63%(RSD=0.77%,n=6),97.99%-100.12%(RSD=0.76%,n=6),96.54%-101.07%(RSD=1.87%,n=6) and 96.60%-99.59%(RSD=1.14%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple with good precision,stability and reproducibilty,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of 7 active constituents in Tangshen qingdu granule.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the water extraction technology of Yinju jiedu oral liquid,and provide reference for the industrial production of the preparation. METHODS:According to the investigation of extraction time-extraction rate curves of chlo-rohenic acid of Yinju jiedu formula and extraction rate of chlorohenic acid in Lonicera japonica and other combined medicinal mate-rials in the formula,decoction methods and time of L. japonica were determined. Using the comprehensive scores of linarin,harpa-goside,(R,S)-epigoitrin,psoralen+angelicin contents and dry extraction yield as indexes,L9(34)orthogonal test was designed to detect the effects of adding water amount,decoction time times and optimize the extraction technology of the residues and other me-dicinal materials. Verification test was conducted. RESULTS:The optimal technology was L. japonica decocted first for 30 min with 8-fold water;the residues and other medicinal materials were decocted with 8-fold water for 3 times,1 h each time;combin-ing all the syrups. In verification test,the average contents of chlorohenic acid,linarin,harpagoside,(R,S)-epigoitrin,psoralen+angelicin were respectively 34.51,10.31,1.97,0.21,9.79 mg/g(RSD=1.24％,1.19％,1.40％,1.71％,1.28％,n=3);aver-age dry extraction yield was 25.4％(RSD=1.64％,n=3);average extraction rate of chlorohenic acid was 78.95％(RSD=1.24％,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:In the optimized water extraction technology,both the extraction rate of chlorohenic acid and contents of other ingredients are relatively high. The technology is stable and feasible.