AIM: To observe the effect ofacacia honey (AH) on serum uric acid level and renal function in potassium oxonate modelrats after drinking AH aqueous solution. METHODS: Sixty male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into control group (CON group), potassium oxonate model group (OA model group), 10% fructose group (10% F group) and different concentration honey groups (25%, 12.5% and 6.25% AH groups). All rats were fed with normal diet.The rats in CON group were subcutaneously injected with 5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) solution and drunk sterile water every day, while rats in other groups were injected with 100 mg / kg OA solution suspended with 5% CMC-Na subcutaneouslyand drunksterile water orfructose solution or AH solution of different concentrations every day. Before and during the 4-week test, rats were weighed and blood was taken once a week. At the end of test, urine and feces specimens or kidney tissues were collected and blood was taken from the abdominal aorta. The uric acid content in blood, urine, and feces and the levels of serum creatinine (Cre) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) or inflammatory factors in kidney tissues were measured. Renal function and histology were evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with CON group, AH could significantly reduce the body weight of rats (P<0.05), increase the kidney organ coefficient, the levels of serum uric acid, and uric acid in urine or feces, and reduce the level of fecal uric acid (FUA) in rats. AH can down regulate the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) (P< 0.05) and up regulate the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor β - 1 (TGF - β1) in rats kidneys; AH can cause slight to mild dilatation of renal tubules and mild to moderate basophilic lesions of renal rubules in rat kidney in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION: In the doses rang of present study, AH can cause hyperuricemia, renal tubular dilatation and basophilic lesions, and lead to renal function damage in rats.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical data of Chinese patients with colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy, and clarify the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients.Methods:Medical history of patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy diagnosed from April 1, 2018 to January 31, 2021 in the department of neurology of 22 hospitals in China was collected, and scores of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), magnetic resonance severity scale were evaluated. Group comparison was performed between male and female patients.Results:A total of 62 patients were included, and the male-female ratio was 1∶1.95. The age of onset was (40.35±8.42) years. Cognitive impairment (82.3%, 51/62) and motor symptoms (77.4%,48/62) were the most common symptoms. The MMSE and MoCA scores were 18.79±7.16 and 13.96±7.23, respectively, and the scores of two scales in male patients (22.06±5.31 and 18.08±5.60) were significantly higher than those in females (15.53±7.41 , t=2.954, P=0.006; 10.15±6.26, t=3.328 , P=0.003). The most common radiographic feature was bilateral asymmetric white matter changes (100.0%), and the magnetic resonance imaging severity scale score was 27.42±11.40, while the white matter lesion score of females (22.94±8.39) was significantly higher than that of males (17.62±8.74 , t=-2.221, P<0.05). A total of 36 CSF1R gene mutations were found in this study, among which c.2381T>C/p.I794T was the hotspot mutation that carried by 17.9% (10/56) of the probands. Conclusions:The core phenotypic characteristics of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy in China are progressive motor and cognitive impairment, with bilateral asymmetrical white matter changes. In addition, there exist gender differences clinically, with severer cognitive impairment and imaging changes in female patients. Thirty-six CSF1R gene mutations were found in this study, and c.2381T>C/p. I794T was the hotspot mutation.

OBJECTIVE： To optimize the extraction technology of total vitamin E in Euryale ferox. METHODS： With the extraction amount of total vitamin E as reference index， using extraction time， extraction times， ultrasound power and comminution degree as reference factors， single fator test and Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction technology of total vitamin E from E. ferox. The validation tests were conducted for 3 times （the amounts of E. ferox were 2.0， 20.0， 40.0 g）. RESULTS： The optimal extraction technology of vitamin E included that extraction time of 80 min， extraction times of 3 times， ultrasound power of 240 W， comminution degree of 80 mesh. In validation test， extraction rates of total vitamin E were 2.063， 2.103， 2.085 mg/g （RSD＝2.6％， 1.5％， 1.3％， n＝3）， the relative errors of which to predicted value （2.092 mg/g） were 0.14％， 0.53％ and 0.33％， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： The optimal extraction technology is reasonable， stable and feasible， and can be used for the extraction of total vitamin E in E. ferox.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of clinical manifestations and genetics of late-onset cobalamin (cbl) C deficiency,also named as combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinemia, cblC type. Methods We reviewed 26 late-onset cblC deficiency patients diagnosed in Qilu Hospital, Shandong University from 2012 to 2017 and analysed the clinical, biochemistry, neuroimaging, follow-up and MMACHC gene data. Results Among the 26 patients, male:female ratio is 11:15, with the age of diagnosis from 4 to 39 years and sibling comorbidity in 4 families. The clinical manifestaions of nervous system included spastic paraplegia,mental and behavior disorder,intelectual decline,epilepsy,ataxia,dystonia and peripheral neuropathy. There were four cases with proteinuria at onset. At first visit, the levels of serum total homocystinuria of all patients were elevated, from 61.4 to 193.4μmol/Lwith methylmalonic acidemia. The neuroimaging data of the 26 cases showed 11 with cerebral atrophy, 10 with thoracic spinal cord atrophy, five with brain parenchymal lesions, three with longitudinal myelopathy which were reversible in follow-up, one with syringomyelia, one with multiple cerebral artery stenosis. In all the cases, cobalamins were supplied parenterally and folate, betaine, L-carnitine, vitamin B6 were supplied orally during acute metabolic crisis, and the symptoms of acute encephalopathy disappeared but symptoms of spastic paraplegia had little improvement. In chronic stage, frequency of intramuscular injection of hydroxocobalamine could be decreased while the index can still be improved. All the 26 cases had definite mutations in MMACHC gene, the most common mutations of which were found to be c.482G>A(15/52) and c. 609G>A(13/52). Conclusions Homocystine is the important biomarker for cblC deficiency. Once diagnosed, parenteral hydroxocobalamin and oral betaine should be supplied for a lifetime with good prognosis. The most common mutations of MMACHC gene in our cases are c. 482G>A and c. 609G>A missense mutations.

Objective To investigate the status of the humanistic caring ability in the secondary vocational nursing school students,and analyze its influencing factors to provide reference for humanistic education. Methods A total of 468 nursing students from 13 classes of 4 secondary vocational schools were selected as research subjects from March 2017 to May 2017 by random sampling method. All the research subjects were investigated by Caring Ability Inventory(CAI), Charles F. Kettering (CFK) School Climate Inventory, Peer Caring Measurement (PCM), Parent Bonding Instrument-Mother (PBI-M) and Parent Bonding Instrument-Father (PBI-F). Results The total score of secondary vocational nursing students' CAI was (175.47±18.77).The scores of humanistic care ability of nursing students were significantly correlated with school care climate score, mother caring score, class care atmosphere,degree of family harmony, feeling the love of other family members, frequency of contact with family and father caring score, according to Pearson correlation analysis (r=0.315,0.159,0.165,0.186,0.179,0.128,0.134;P<0.05). Conclusions In general, the humanistic caring ability of the secondary nursing school students is at low level. The school care environment score, class care atmosphere, degree of family harmony have great influence on the humanistic care ability of nursing students.

Objective To assess the value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)map with low b-value to monitor the ablated tissue after high-intensity focused ultrasonic (HIFU)treatment for uterine fibroids.Methods 25 patients with 34 uterine fibroids were treated with HIFU.All patients underwent the routine MRI scans (including pre-and post-contrast scanning)and monoexponential model DWI with b values of 150,600 and 1 000 s/mm2 before the surgery and within 24 hours after the surgery.The mean ADC values with different b-values of the ablated and non-ablated tissues between pre-and post-treatment were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.The consistency of the ablation area between ADC maps with different b-values and contrast enhancement MRI were evaluated. Results With the b-value of 150 s/mm2 ,the mean ADC value of the ablated tissue was (1.48±0.27)×10-3 mm2/s,which was less significantly than that of pre-treatment (2.06±0.21)×10-3 mm2/s and non-ablated tissue (1.98±0.23)×10-3 mm2/s (P<0.05). However,there were no significant differences in ADC values with the b values of 600 s/mm2 and 1 000 s/mm2 among those areas (P>0.05).A fine consistency of the ADC map with the low b-value (150 s/mm2 )was found with non-perfusion volume on contrast-enhanced T1 WI,which was superior to that with high b-values (600 s/mm2 and 1 000 s/mm2 )(P<0.05).Conclusion ADC map with low b-value (150 s/mm2 )can be used to evaluate the blood-supply changes and ablated volume of uterine fibroids indirectly,which helps to assess the treatment effect of HIFU.

Objective To explore the effect of combination therapy of aminoglycosides with other antibiotics on reducing the mutant selective window of Acinetobacter baumannii. Methods Three aminoglycoside antibiotics (amikacin, tobramycin, netilmicin)and four frequently used antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii in clinical practice (cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem-cilastatin,ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin)were studied.The minimum inhibitory concentrations of these antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC1 9606 were determined by E-test.The mutant prevention concentrations of the four antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii alone or in combination with aminoglycosides were determined by agar dilution method.The selective index was calculated. The effect of aminoglycosides on mutant selective window of Acinetobacter baumannii was evaluated according to the change of selective index after combination. Results The selective index of cefoperazone-sulbactam,imipenem-cilastatin,ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against A.baumannii ATCC19606 was 16,>32, 16 and 32.When combined with amikacin,the selective index was 1,2,4 and 4,respectively.When combined with tobramycin,the index was 2,2,8 and 8,respectively.When combined with netilmicin,the index was 2,4,8 and 16, respectively. Conclusions The mutant prevention concentration of the four antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii is significantly reduced when combined with any of the three aminoglycosides,which is helpful to decrease the incidence of mutants and control resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Amikacin-based combination shows the most evident effect on reducing the mutant selective window of Acinetobacterbaumannii.

10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2013.06.010

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of the treatment of long-term non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) combined with inhaling corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic o0bstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) complicated with respiratory failure,and to investigate the impact of longterm NIPPV combined with inhaling corticosteroids on serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9).Methods Eighty outpatients of stable severe COPD complicated with respiratory failure divided them equally into two treatment groups (the experimental and the control groups).The two groups of patients were given oxygen therapy,inhalation of Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate powder for one year.The experimental group received additionally NIPPV therapy for 1 year.The outcomes measured included St.George's questionnaire (SGRQ) score,MMRC score,6-min working time (6-MWT),arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2),partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),Forced expiratory volume in 1 (FEV1％),and the serum levels of MMP-9 before and after treatment,and frequency of acute exacerbations of COPD and hospital says in the last one year and the following 12 months.Results After 1 year,the differences of SGRQ score,MMRC score,6-MWT,PaO2,PaCO2,FEV1％,MMP-9 in the experimental group ((63.38 ±4.46) vs.(52.93 ±4.30),t =10.67,P =0.00;(3.60±0.50) vs.(2.40 ±0.50),t =10.82,P=0.00;(159.90 ±6.50) m vs.(247.10±9.66) m,t=47.39,P=0.00;(56.85 ± 1.67) mm Hg vs.(66.10 ±2.59) mm Hg,t =10.67,P =0.00;(60.38 ±3.58)mm Hgvs.(51.88 ±3.05)mm Hg,t=10.82,P=0.00; (38.93 ±3.22)％ vs.(42.12 ±3.11)％,t=47.39,P =0.00;(182.58 ±6.60) μg/L vs.(171.73 ±6.19) μg/L,t =7.58,P =0.00) were statistically significant compared to the control group ((63.88 ± 4.88) vs.(54.30 ± 4.13),t =8.77,P =0.00; (3.65 ± 0.48) vs.(2.70±0.46),t =8.97,P =0.00;(157.98 ±5.97) m vs.(218.08±13.12) m,t =26.38,P=0.00;(56.65 ±1.51)mm Hg vs.(62.60 ± 1.91)mm Hg,t=8.77,P=0.00; (60.20 ±3.52)mm Hg vs.(56.25 ±3.09)mm Hg,t =8.97,P =0.00; (38.93 ±2.96) ％ vs.(40.70 ±3.27)％,t =26.38,P =0.00; (180.55 ±4.78) μg/L vs.(173.05 ± 5.28) μg/L,t =6.66,P =0.00).The frequency of acute exacerbations of COPD and hospital stay days were significantly decreased in the experimental group than in the control group.Conclusion Long-term NIPPV combined with inhaling corticosteroids could significantly improve the quality of life and lower the serum levels of MMP-9 of patients with severe stable COPD complicated with respiratory failure.