Objective: To analyze the infection characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City, so as to provide the reference for effective AIDS intervention. Methods: Newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City in 2022 were recruited. Demographic information, HIV testing status, infection routes and sexual behaviors were collected using questionnaire surveys. Blood samples were collected before antiviral treatment, and HIV-1 pol gene sequences were detected to construct molecular transmission networks. The characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases, including infection routes, time, and location were analyzed. Factors affecting infection time and location among HIV/AIDS cases were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 007 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Hangzhou City in 2022, with 907 cases (90.07%) completing questionnaire surveys. Among them, 833 were males (91.84%), and 532 had out-of-province household registrations (58.65%). Ninety-one molecular transmission networks were established, and 276 cases were involved, with homosexual contact as the main infection route (199 cases, 72.10%). There were 311 recently infected cases (35.34%) and 569 previously infected cases (64.66%) among 880 cases whose infection time could be determined. There were 531 locally infected. cases (70.24%) and 225 imported cases (29.76%) among 756 cases whose infection location could be determined. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the HIV/AIDS cases who were identified through voluntary counseling and testing (OR=1.826, 95%CI: 1.055-3.175) and sought sexual partners through homosexual dating apps (OR=2.461, 95%CI: 1.193-5.234) were more likely to be recently infected; the cases who lived in Hangzhou City for more than one year (>1 to 5 years, OR=2.853, 95%CI: 1.552-5.358; >5 years, OR=3.534, 95%CI: 1.382-9.804), sought sexual partners through entertainment venues (OR=3.449, 95%CI: 1.390-8.935), online/social apps (OR=2.416, 95%CI: 1.084-5.488) and homosexual dating apps (OR=3.734, 95%CI: 1.677-8.493) were more likely to be locally infected; student cases were more likely to be infected outside Hangzhou City (OR=0.115, 95%CI: 0.019-0.525). Conclusions The newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City in 2022 were primarily infected through homosexual contact, previously and locally. Seeking sexual partners through homosexual dating apps is an important influencing factor for recent and local infections, highlighting the need for strengthening traceback investigations of related cases.

Recent trends suggest that Chinese herbal medicine formulas(CHM formulas)are promising treatments for complex diseases.To characterize the precise syndromes,precise diseases and precise targets of the precise targets between complex diseases and CHM formulas,we developed an artificial intelligence-based quantitative predictive algorithm(DeepTCM).DeepTCM has gone through multilevel model cali-bration and validation against a comprehensive set of herb and disease data so that it accurately captures the complex cellular signaling,molecular and theoretical levels of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).As an example,our model simulated the optimal CHM formulas for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)with depression,and through model sensitivity analysis,we calculated the balanced scoring of the formulas.Furthermore,we constructed a biological knowledge graph representing interactions by associating herb-target and gene-disease interactions.Finally,we experimentally confirmed the thera-peutic effect and pharmacological mechanism of a novel model-predicted intervention in humans and mice.This novel multiscale model opened up a new avenue to combine"disease syndrome"and"macro micro"system modeling to facilitate translational research in CHM formulas.

Objective:To investigate the status of participation in treatment and nursing decision-making in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 230 COPD patients hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University from October 2021 to May 2022 by using the general situation questionnaire, questionnaire of patients′ decision-making regarding treatment and care, Patient Doctor Relationship Questionnaire, 13-Item Version, Nursing-Patient Relationship Trust Scale and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease knowledge Questionnaire, Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of patients′ participation in treatment and nursing decision-making.Results:The participation attitude score of COPD patients′ treatment decision-making was (1.93 ± 0.55) points, the participation degree score of COPD patients′ treatment decision-making was (2.29 ± 0.46) points, the participation attitude score of COPD patients′nursing decision-making was (1.84 ± 0.42) points, and the participation degree score of COPD patients′ nursing decision-making was (2.03 ± 0.35) points. Gender, education level, occupation or occupation before retirement, the number of hospitalizations due to acute exacerbation of COPD in the past year, modified medical research council, doctor-patient relationship, and nurse-patient relationship were the influencing factors for patients to participate in treatment and nursing decision-making ( OR values were 0.070 to 18.368, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The participation attitude of COPD patients in treatment and nursing decision-making is negative and the degree of participation is low. Medical staff should correctly assess the reasons for the low participation of patients, and take targeted individualized measures to support patients to actively participate in treatment and nursing decision-making.

Objective: To analyze current situation of HIV/AIDS case detection and factors associated with late diagnosis among the newly diagnosed cases from 2013 to 2018 in Hangzhou, so as to provide basis for improving the detection capacity of HIV. Methods: The data of HIV testing and newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou from 2013 to 2018 were collected through the China AIDS Prevention and Control Information System. The proportion of HIV antibody detection and positive cases in different regions, detection ways and high-risk groups were analyzed. The influencing factors for late diagnosis were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results: The proportions of cases with HIV detected, HIV positive and late diagnosis increased from 2013 to 2018, and the annual ones were 24.99%, 6.95 per ten thousand and 30.07%, respectively. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that people who were male ( OR=1.656, 95%CI: 1.351-2.030 ) and aged older ( OR: 1.912-5.117, 95%CI: 1.250-7.904 ) had higher risks of late diagnosis; who detected HIV through pre-test of receiving blood ( OR=4.429, 95%CI:2.217-9.225 ) , other inpatient detection ( OR=2.137, 95%CI: 1.615-2.826 ) , preoperative testing ( OR=2.137, 95%CI: 1.615-2.826 ) and testing of STD clinic attendants ( OR=1.359, 95%CI: 1.007-1.834 ) had higher risks of late diagnosis compared to those diagnosed at VCT clinics; who diagnosed at CDCs ( OR=0.714,95%CI: 0.558-0.915 ) and community health centers ( OR=0.645, 95%CI: 0.441-0.943 ) had lower risks of late diagnosis than those diagnosed in hospitals; who were infected by heterosexual contact ( OR=1.299, 95%CI: 1.130-1.493 ) had a higher risk of late diagnosis than MSM; who had history of STD ( OR=0.818, 95%CI: 0.706-0.948 ) had a lower risk of late diagnosis than who did not. Conclusions HIV testing and case detection had been expanded, but late diagnosis had not been improved in Hangzhou from 2013 to 2018. Age, sex, route and institution of diagnosis, transmission route and history of STD were influencing factors of late diagnosis.

Objective:To learn about the normativity and differences among regions and institutions of the fee of counseling and psychotherapy in China.Methods:The fee standards of 142 mental health service institutions released on their websites were collected through intemet query,the overall situation and the aspects of regions and instimtions of the fee of counseling and psychotherapy were analyzed and compared.Results:Ninety-one institutions set fee standards which had great disparity according to either the practitioner's professional ritles or their qualifications.Private institutions had a significant higher level of both the average minimum and maximum fees of interview counseling than public hospitals (Ps ＜0.00).The differences in the maximum fees of interview counseling among different regions were found to be statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001),the maximum fees of interview counseling in eastern areas were significantly higher than that in central and westem areas,the maximum fees of interview counseling in provincial cities were significantly higher than that in non-provincial cities (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:The currein fee of counseling and psychotherapy lacks overall regulations.The fee of counseling and psychotherapy should take an overall account of the nature of institutions,the regions,the qualifications of practitioners and the specific conditions of the clients so as to set proper fee standards,thereby promoting the development of mental health services.

Objective To investigate clinical effect of sparfloxacin on the treatment of ureaplasma urealyticum prostatitis.Methods 96 cases with ureaplasma urealyticum prostatitis, which admitted in our hospital, were selected as the research object and divided into observation group ( n =48 cases) and control group ( n=48 cases) randomly.The control group was given the ofloxacin for treatment and the observation group was given the sparfloxacin for treatment.The clinical effect of the two groups after treatment was analyzed.Results The total effective rate of the observation group (97.92%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (72.92%) (P<0.05).After treatment, the total incidence of adverse reactions of the observation group(8.33%) compared with that of the control group (10.42%), had no significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion Patients with ureaplasma urealyticum prostatitis, the treatment effect of sparfloxacin is significant, with lower adverse reactions rate and the security is higher, which is recognized in the medical community, can be worthy of popularization and application in clinic.

Objective: To explore the relationship between self-supporting levels and the early parent-child attachment in primary school students. Methods: 193 grade 5 to 6 primary school students were examined by the Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire for 6 to 12 Years Old Children and Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ 3.1); and then the subjects were divided into two groups, of which the high-self-supporting group included the top 27% according to the self-supporting behavior questionnaire total score, and the low-self-supporting group included the bottom 27%. Results: ①The low-self-supporting group got significantly higher score in mother negative loving, father negative loving, mother rejecting, father rejecting, mother anger and father anger subscales than the highself-supporting group; ②The children’s self-supporting behaviors were negatively correlated with mother negative loving, father negative loving, mother rejecting, father rejecting, mother anger and father anger. Conclusion: Children’s self-supporting levels were closely related to the early parent-child attachment. The refusal, rejection, negative loving, and anger of parents might play a passive role in the development of children’s self-supporting behavior.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the self-supporting levels and self-concept in primary school students.Methods:193 grade 5 to 6 primary school students were examined by the Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire for 6 to 12 Years Old Children and Tennessee Self-concept Scale,and then the subjects were divided into two groups,of which the high-self-supporting group includes the top 27% according to the questionnaire total score,and the low-self-supporting group includes the bottom 27%.Results:①The high self-supporting group get significantly higher score in all subscales of Tennessee Self-concept Scale than the low self-supporting group;②All subscales of Tennessee Self-concept Scale were significantly positively correlated with all dimentions of Self-supporting Behavior Questionnaire.Conclusion:Children's self-supporting behaviors were closely related to self-concept.The higher level of self-supporting,the more positive their self-concept.

BACKGROUND: Reactive depression and depressive neurosis are both psychogenic emotional disorders, clinically manifested by memory deterioration,impaired concentration, slow reaction, and bradyphrenia, among other cognitive function impairments. These subjective experiences of such patients still need to be backed up for their actual presence by objective laboratory evidences, which,however, have been scarcely available to our current knowledge.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of auditory event-related Potential (AERP) P300 in patients with reactive depression and depressive neurosis, and their correlation with cognitive function impairments.DESIGN: Case-controlled experiment.SETTING: Clinical Center of Psychological Counseling, Department of Neurology, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS: Forty normal control subjects were recruited from the staff of Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University between September 1997 and March 1998, including 21 male and 19 female subjects aged 20-50 years. Eighty patients were selected from the agematched outpatients of the same hospital seeking psychological counseling,including 40 with reactive depression (consisting of 29 male and 11 female patients) and 40 with depressive neurosis (consisting of 24 male and 16 female patients). From these patients 10 with abnormal P300 potential were randomly selected for followed-up study, including4 with reactive depression and4 with depressive neurosis.METHODS: All the patients and normal controls were subjected to conventional examination of AERP P300 in the Laboratory of Cerebral Electrophysiology, and psychological evaluation was carried out by specialists with the assistance of Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of AERP P300 examination and scores of Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in the 80 patients upon admission and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, and results of AERP P300 examination in the control group. ② Results of AERP P300 examination and scores of Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in the follow-up group. RESULTS: All subjects finished the study. The latency of all waves were remarkably prolonged in the patients as compared to the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), with also lower amplitude of AERP than that of the control group; the amplitudes of N1, P2 and N2 waves, in general,tended to decrease to statistically significant levels. In reactive depression group, the amplitude of P3 wave was obviously lower than that of the control group [(10.39±4.40) vs (15.11±4.16) μV, P ＜ 0.001], and the amplitudes of all waves in the neurosis group was obviously lower than those of the control group. Comparison of the latency and amplitude of P3 in the follow-up group before and after treatment revealed no significant difference in the latency of P3 [(314.10±44.08) vs (295.4±20.74) ms, t=1.21, P ＜ 0.05], but the amplitude of P3 obviously increased after treatment to almost the normal level [(6.38±2.50) vs (14.22±2.51) μV, t=-7.012, P ＜ 0.001].CONCLUSION: Patients with reactive depression or depressive neurosis have cognitive function impairment, and auditory event-related potential P300 can be used as a reference for cognitive evaluation and therapeutic effect assessment in these patients.

Besides cognitive disorders,such as disorders of learning, language, etc, the autistic patients generally have temporal cognitive disorders as well, including disorders of sense of time, disorders of memory of time, disorders of temporal behaviour, and disorders of self-consistency. Researchers discussed the possible causes of the temporal cognitive disorders of autistic patients from various ways such as of physiology, heredity, and environment;whereas, there are no generally accepted conclusions till now. Further researches are still needed.