ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma polysaccharides on hyperlipidemia in mice by modulating the gut microbiota. MethodsNinety male C57BL/6J mice were randomized into the following groups （n=15）： control， model， simvastatin， low- （100 mg·kg^-1）， medium- （200 mg·kg^-1）， and high-dose （400 mg·kg^-1） Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma polysaccharides groups. Other groups except the control group were fed with a high-fat diet for the modeling of hyperlipidemia， and drug interventions lasted for 12 weeks. Serum levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The pathological changes in the liver and epididymal fat were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining， and lipid accumulation in the liver was assessed by oil red O staining. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group exhibited an increase in body weight （P<0.01）， along with marked elevations in serum levels of TC， TG， and LDL-C （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Furthermore， the model group showcased increase in the liver index and epididymal fat coefficient （P<0.05）， increased liver fat accumulation， enlargement of adipocytes in the epididymal fat， decreases in both alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiota， and an increase in the relative abundance of Allobaculum （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma polysaccharides suppressed the increase in body weight （P<0.01）， lowered the serum levels of TC， TG， and LDL-C （P<0.05，P<0.01）， reduced the liver index and epididymal fat coefficient （P<0.05）， alleviated liver fat accumulation， and decreased the size of adipocytes in the epididymal fat. Furthermore， it enhanced the alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiota in mice， reduced the relative abundance of Allobaculum， Erysipelotrichaceae， and Clostridium （P<0.01）， and increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Blautia （P<0.01）. ConclusionPolygonati Odorati Rhizoma polysaccharides can ameliorate hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet in mice by regulating the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota.

In 2022， Hainan provincial government launched the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis with the goals of a hepatitis B screening rate of 90%， a diagnostic rate of 90%， and a treatment rate of 80% among people aged 18 years and above by the year 2025， and the main intervention measures include population-based prevention， case screening， antiviral therapy， and health management. As of December 31， 2024， a total of 6.875 million individuals in the general population had been screened for hepatitis B， with a screening rate of 95.6%. A total of 184 710 individuals with positive HBsAg were identified， among whom 156 772 were diagnosed through serological reexamination， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 84.9%. A total of 50 742 patients with chronic hepatitis B were identified， among whom 42 921 had hepatitis B-specific health records established for health management， with a file establishment rate of 84.6%. A total of 31 553 individuals received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 62.2%. A total of 2.503 million individuals at a high risk of hepatitis C were screened， among whom 4 870 tested positive for HCV antibody and 3 858 underwent HCV RNA testing， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 79.2%， and 1 824 individuals with positive HCV RNA were identified， among whom 1 194 received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 65.5%. In addition， 159 301 individuals with negative HBsAg and anti-HBs and an age of 20 — 40 years were inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine free of charge. Through the implementation of the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis， a large number of hepatitis patients have been identified， treated， and managed in the province within a short period of time， which significantly accelerates the efforts to eliminate the crisis of viral hepatitis.

BACKGROUND:The authors found that when the bilateral percutaneous vertebral augmentation is used to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with a total bone cement injection of 4 mL or more,different distribution patterns were usually presented on the X-rays;however,there were few reports addressing the effects of these patterns of bone cement distribution on the biomechanical properties of fractural vertebrae. OBJECTIVE:To further explore the biomechanical effects of different bone cement filling doses and distribution patterns on biomechanics of the fractural vertebrae using the finite element method. METHODS:The L1-L3 finite element models of osteoporosis were established,and the vertebral compression fractures were simulated in L2.Four distribution patterns bilateral partial fusion(FH type),full fusion(FO type),symmetrical separation(SA type),and asymmetric segregation(SN type)were simulated in 4 and 6 mL injections in the osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture models,respectively,and a total of nine sets of models were obtained.These models were solved under the same boundary conditions and compared with the stress and displacement of the L2 fractural vertebra. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The maximum stresses of the nine groups of models were concentrated in the L2 fractural area,and the maximum stress and maximum displacement of each filling model were lower than in the osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture model,indicating the effectiveness of bone cement filling in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.(2)Compared with 4 mL bone cement filling,6 mL bone cement filling could significantly reduce the stress of fractured vertebrae and enhance the strength of fractured vertebrae while improving the stability of fractured vertebrae.(3)In the same state of movement,the FH type stress was the least,followed by the SA type,both of which were close.FO type stress was the largest,especially in the lateral bend,which might be associated with its cluster shape resulting in the concentration of lateral stress.In the aspect of displacement,FH type was the least and FO type was the largest.(4)The results show that increased dose of bone cement injection reduces fractural vertebral stress and improves stability,but increases the risk of leakage.Bilateral symmetrical dispersed bone cement(FH type,SA type)is superior in restoring vertebral strength and stability than full fusion(FO type),asymmetric separated(SN type)bone cement.Therefore,when clinically performing bilateral percutaneous vertebral augmentation treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,the bilateral symmetric dispersions of the distribution are first guaranteed;priority is recommended for FH type distribution,for appropriate stress stimulation and best stability.

Autophagy is a conservative lysosome-dependent material catabolic pathway, and exists in all eukaryotic cells. Autophagy controls cell quality and survival by eliminating intracellular dysfunction substances, and plays an important role in various pathophysiology processes. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male disease. It is resulted from a variety of causes and pathologies, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, aging, spinal cord injury, or cavernous nerve injury caused by radical prostatectomy, and others. In the past decade, autophagy has begun to be investigated in ED. Subsequently, an increasing number of studies have revealed the regulation of autophagy contributes to the recovery of ED, and which is mainly involved in improving endothelial function, smooth muscle cell apoptosis, penile fibrosis, and corpus cavernosum nerve injury. Therefore, in this review, we aim to summarize the possible role of autophagy in ED from a cellular perspective, and we look forward to providing a new idea for the pathogenesis investigation and clinical treatment of ED in the future.

OBJECTIVE:Anterior cervical decompression and fusion is a classic surgical method for the treatment of degenerative cervical spondylosis.The use of nail plates increases the fusion rate and stability and indirectly leads to adjacent vertebral degeneration and postoperative dysphagia.In this paper,the clinical results and complications of ROI-CTM self-locking system and traditional cage combined with screw-plate internal fixation in the treatment of degenerative cervical spondylosis were compared by meta-analysis to provide evidence-based support for the selection of internal fixation methods in anterior cervical decompression and fusion. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,VIP,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and Embase databases were searched for Chinese and English literature on the application of ROI-CTM self-locking system and fusion cage combined with screw plate internal fixation in the treatment of degenerative cervical spondylosis.The retrieval time range was from inception to July 2023.Two researchers selected the literature strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The Cochrane bias risk tool was used to evaluate the quality of randomized controlled trials.Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of cohort studies.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Outcome indicators included operation time,intraoperative blood loss,Japanese Orthopaedic Association score,Neck Disability Index,C2-C7 Cobb angle,fusion rate,incidence of adjacent vertebral degeneration,cage subsidence rate,and incidence of dysphagia. RESULTS:Thirteen articles were included,including eleven retrospective cohort studies and two randomized controlled trials,with 1 136 patients,569 in the ROI-C group,and 567 in the cage combined with the nail plate group.Meta-analysis results showed that the operation time(MD=-15.52,95%CI:-18.62 to-12.42,P<0.000 01)and intraoperative blood loss(MD=-24.53,95%CI:-32.46 to-16.61,P<0.000 01)in the ROI-C group and the fusion device combined with nail plate group.Postoperative adjacent segment degeneration rate(RR=0.40,95%CI:0.27-0.60,P<0.000 01)and postoperative total dysphagia rate(RR=0.18,95%CI:0.13-0.26),P<0.000 01)were statistically different.The two groups had no significant difference in Japanese Orthopaedic Association score,Neck Disability Index,C2-C7 Cobb angle,fusion rate,or cage subsidence rate(P≥0.05). CONCLUSION:Applying an ROI-CTM self-locking system and traditional cage combined with plate internal fixation in anterior cervical decompression and fusion can achieve satisfactory clinical results in treating degenerative cervical spondylosis.The operation of the ROI-CTM self-locking system is more straightforward.Compared with a cage combined with plate internal fixation,the ROI-CTM self-locking system can significantly reduce the operation time and intraoperative blood loss and has obvious advantages in reducing the incidence of postoperative dysphagia and adjacent segment degeneration.The ROI-CTM self-locking system is recommended for patients with skip cervical spondylosis and adjacent vertebral disease.However,given its possible high settlement rate,using a fusion cage combined with screw-plate internal fixation is still recommended for patients with degenerative cervical spondylosis with multiple segments and high-risk factors of fusion cage settlement,such as osteoporosis and vertebral endplate damage.

Objective: To investigate the association of physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs in Tianjin, so as to provide scientific evidence for childhood obesity prevention and intervention measures in the population. Methods: From January 2022 to June 2024, 296 children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders aged 2-18 years were recruited from special education schools and institutions in Tianjin. Height and weight were measured, and a standardized questionnaire was used to assess physical activity and screen time. Binary Logistic regression analysis was carried out to investigate the association of physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs in Tianjin were 17.2% and 21.6%, respectively, and the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 38.9%. The median of moderatetovigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was 0.20 h/d, and physical activity sufficiency rate was 7.8%. The median of screen time was 1.79 h/d, and the screen time compliance rate was 68.2%. The binary Logistic regression results showed that lower levels of MVPA time and increased screen time were associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs [OR(95%CI)=1.80(1.06-3.07), 2.40(1.42-4.07),P<0.05]. Conclusions Insufficient physical activity and excessive screen time are associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs. Therefore, comprehensive intervention measures should be implemented as early as possible to prevent and reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity in this population.

Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) is a widely used technique for structural analysis of small molecular compounds. It can obtain information about the hydrogen-hydrogen correlation, hydrogen-carbon single bond correlation, hydrogen-carbon remote correlation, and hydrogen-hydrogen spatial arrangement of compounds. Thus, 2D NMR has an irreplaceable role in the structure elucidation of small molecular products. However, the sample amount of trace components in phytochemical research is very low, and the traditional sampling method (uniform sampling) has problems of poor spectral quality and too long measure time. Increasing the number of scans results in several hours of the acquisition time for a single two-dimensional spectrum, which in turn causes strain on the NMR machine. The non-uniform sampling (NUS) technique can shorten the acquisition time to a large extent and not affect the quality of 2D NMR data, which greatly improves the efficiency of 2D NMR acquisition. In this paper, fuziline, a small molecular compound in the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii was selected as the research object. Its ¹H-¹³C HSQC, ¹H-¹H COSY, HMBC, and NOESY spectra were acquired by US and NUS methods, respectively. By comparing the integral values of NMR signals of three chemical groups in fuziline, it is confirmed that the NUS technique has the advantages of improving the quality of 2D NMR spectra and shortening the acquisition time in structure elucidation of small molecule compounds. In HMBC spectrum, it was further confirmed that NUS technology can improve the quality of the 2D spectra and the signal resolution. This indicates that NUS technology can improve the efficiency and reliability of the structure elucidation of small molecule compounds.

Objective: To understand the current situation and related factors of screening myopia among students in special education schools, so as to provide evidence for promoting the health level of this population. Methods: From November 2021 to December 2023, a total of 281 students from 6 special education schools in 5 districts of Tianjin were selected by cluster random sampling method for computer optometry visual acuity examination for non ciliary paralysis and questionnaire survey. Multiple Logistic regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of screening myopia among special education students. Results: The screening myopia detection rate among these special education students in Tianjin was 27.0%, and the screening myopia detection rates of students with autism, developmental delays, and intellectual disabilities were 22.4%, 12.5%, and 33.0%, respectively. The degree of myopia increased with age ( χ 2 trend =22.65, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age(10-13 years old: OR =5.40, 14-17 years old: OR =8.40, 18-23 years old: OR =6.02), accommodation(non resident: OR =0.29), daily mobile phone usage ≥2 hours ( OR =2.37), and daily computer/tablet usage ≥2 hours ( OR =2.70) were the risk factors for screening myopia among special education students ( P <0.05). Conclusions The detection rate and degree of screening myopia increase with age in special education students. Prolonged screen time exposure is a primary risk factor for screening myopia in special education students. Effective myopia prevention and control strategies should be designed according to the characteristics of special education students.

Background Asthma poses a serious threat to children's growth, development, and mental health, thus there has been an increasing focus on the control of asthma morbidity in children and the assessment of its risk factors. A growing body of research has found that exposure to ambient air pollutants an significatly increase the risk of childhood asthma. Objective To understand the changes of ambient air pollutant concentrations in Nanjing and asthma outpatient visits to Nanjing Children's Hospital, and to quantitatively analyze the effects of exposure to different ambient air pollutants on children's asthma outpatient visits. Methods Daily data of ambient air pollutants fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), inhalable particle (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O₃), meteorological factors (air temperature & relative humidity), and outpatient visits due to asthma in the hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023 were collected, and a generalized additive model based on quasi poisson distributions was used to quantitatively analyze the short-term effects of ambient air pollutant exposure on outpatient visits due to asthma in the hospital. Results The annual average concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂ in Nanjing from 2019 to 2023 did not exceed the national limits. For single-day lagged effects, the single-pollutant model showed that the effects of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, and CO on children's asthma outpatient visits were greatest for every 10 units increase at lag0, with excess risk (ER) of 1.39% (95%CI: 0.65%, 2.14%), 1.46% (95%CI: 0.97%, 1.95%), 5.46% (95%CI: 4.36%, 6.57%), and 0.18% (95%CI: 0.11%, 0.26%), respectively, and SO₂ reached the maximum effect at lag1, with an ER of 23.15% (95%CI: 13.57%, 33.53%) for each 10 units increase in concentration. Different pollutants reached their maximum cumulative lag effects at different time. The PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, and CO showed the largest cumulative lag effects at lag01, lag01, lag02, lag02, and lag03, respectively, with ERs of 1.35% (95%CI: 0.77%, 1.92%), 0.96% (95%CI: 0.10%, 1.83%), 28.50% (95%CI: 15.49%, 42.98%), 6.92% (95%CI: 5.53%, 8.33%), and 0.31% (95%CI: 0.20%, 0.42%), respectively. The influences of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ on outpatient visits due to asthma in the hospital became more pronounced with advancing age, while the associations with NO₂, SO₂, and CO were weakened as children grew older. Conclusion Ambient air pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO) can increase childhood asthma visits, and different pollutants have varied effects on the number of asthmatic children's visits at different ages.

Background The prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) among Chinese residents has been increasing annually, with occupational populations facing a higher risk of HUA due to shift work or obesity. Objective To investigate the impact of shift work and obesity on HUA among coal miners, and to provide scientific data for the prevention of HUA in this occupational group. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 25619 workers from a coal mining group in 2023 as the study population, using a questionnaire survey and occupational health check-ups. Workers who were retired or on medical leave, as well as those who provided incomplete responses to the questionnaire or did not complete anthropometric measurements or blood tests, were excluded. A total of 23173 participants were included in the study. An unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between HUA and selected factors such as shift work status, years of shift work, daily shift work hours, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and visceral adiposity index (VAI), as well as the interaction between obesity and shift work on HUA. Restricted cubic spline functions were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between years of shift work, daily shift work hours, and HUA. Results The average age of the included workers was (42.38 ± 9.82) years. A total of 6735 workers reported positive HUA, with a positive rate of 29.1%, and the prevalence was higher in men compared to women (31.8% vs. 13.9%). After adjusting for confounding factors, the restricted cubic spline model revealed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between years of shift work, daily shift work duration, and HUA: ① When the years of shift work exceeded 3.25 years, the risk of HUA in workers gradually increased with longer work duration. At 20 years of shift work, the risk increase showed a "saturation effect," meaning that the risk of HUA no longer increased with additional years of shift work. ② When daily shift work duration was below 10 h, the risk of HUA increased with the length of shift work, but after exceeding 10 h, the risk stabilized. After adjusting for confounding factors, the logistic regression model showed that, compared to non-shift workers, shift workers, those with 10-20 years and over 20 years of shift work experience, as well as those working less than 8 h and more than 8 h per day, had a higher risk of HUA, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.14 (95%CI: 1.06, 1.22), 2.42 (95%CI: 2.20, 2.67), 2.23 (95%CI: 2.00, 2.48), 1.41 (95%CI: 1.29, 1.54), and 1.90 (95%CI: 1.75, 2.06), respectively. Additionally, compared to individuals with normal obesity indices, those with overweight and obesity based on BMI, high and very high VAI and excessive WHtR had a higher risk of HUA, with ORs of 2.01 (95%CI: 1.85, 2.17), 3.51 (95%CI: 3.20, 3.84), 1.42 (95%CI: 1.32, 1.54), 2.10 (95%CI: 1.91, 2.30), and 1.82 (95%CI: 1.69, 1.97), respectively. The interaction analysis showed no interaction between shift work and obesity index (both P_s < 0.001). Conclusion Shift work, longer shift work years, and longer daily shift work hours increase the risk of HUA among coal miners. Additionally, the role of obesity in the development of HUA cannot be ignored.