Objective: To investigate the objective characteristics of tongue manifestation in different stages of damp-heat syndrome in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 134 patients with DKD G3-5 stages who met the diagnostic criteria for damp-heat syndrome in DKD. The patients were treated at Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, from May 2023 to January 2024. The patients were divided into three groups: DKD G3, DKD G4, and DKD G5 stage, with 53, 33, and 48 patients in each group, respectively. Clinical general data (gender, age, and body mass index) and damp-heat syndrome scores were collected from the patients. The YZAI-02 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) AI Tongue Image Acquisition Device was used to capture tongue images from these patients. The accompanying AI Open Platform for TCM Tongue Diagnosis of the device was used to analyze and extract tongue manifestation features, including objective data on tongue color, tongue quality, coating color, and coating texture. Clinical data and objective tongue manifestation characteristics were compared among patients with DKD G3-5 based on their DKD damp-heat syndrome status. Results: No statistically significant difference in gender or body mass index was observed among the three patient groups. The DKD G3 stage group had the highest age (P<0.05). The DKD G3 stage group had a lower score for symptoms of poor appetite and anorexia(P<0.05) than the DKD G5 group. No statistically significant difference was observed in damp-heat syndrome scores among the three groups. Compared with the DKD G5 stage group, the DKD G3 stage group showed a decreased proportion of pale color at the tip and edges of the tongue (P<0.05). The DKD G4 stage group exhibited an increased proportion of crimson at the root of the tongue, a decreased proportion of thick white tongue coating at the root, a decreased proportion of pale color at the tip and edges of the tongue, an increased hue value (indicating color tone) of the tongue color in the middle, an increased brightness value (indicating color lightness) of the tongue coating color in the middle, and an increased thickness of the tongue coating (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in other tongue color proportions, color chroma values, body characteristics, coating color proportions, coating color chroma values, and coating texture characteristics among the three groups. Conclusion Tongue features differ in different stages of DKD damp-heat syndrome in multiple dimensions, enabling the inference that during the DKD G5 stage, the degree of qi and blood deficiency in the kidneys, heart, lungs, liver, gallbladder, spleen, and stomach is prominent. Dampness is more likely to accumulate in the lower jiao, particularly in the kidneys, whereas heat evil in the spleen and stomach is the most severe. These insights provide novel ideas for the clinical treatment of DKD.

Energy metabolism reconstruction is the new target of the treatment of heart failure. By combing the researches of Chinese medicinals for energy metabolism reconstruction of heart failure， it was found that Chinese medicinal compound formula and single Chinese medicinal have a certain role in regulating energy metabolism， mainly through three aspects， including the optimization of substrate utilization， improvement of mitochondrial structure， function， and homeostasis， and improvement of mitochondrial energy transport， so as to make the energy metabolism of the cardiomyocyte adjusted in the direction of beneficial to the organism， increasing the supply of energy， and improving the cardiac function.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of survival of patients with airway stenosis requiring clinical interventions after lung transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 66 patients with airway stenosis requiring clinical interventions after lung transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox’s regression models were adopted to analyze the influencing factors of survival of all patients with airway stenosis and those with early airway stenosis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival and delineate the survival curve. Results For 66 patients with airway stenosis, the median airway stenosis-free time was 72 (52,102) d, 27% (18/66) for central airway stenosis and 73% (48/66) for distal airway stenosis. Postoperative mechanical ventilation time [hazard ratio (HR) 1.037, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.005-1.070, P=0.024] and type of surgery (HR 0.400, 95%CI 0.177-0.903, P=0.027) were correlated with the survival of patients with airway stenosis after lung transplantation. The longer the postoperative mechanical ventilation time, the higher the risk of mortality of the recipients. The overall survival of airway stenosis recipients undergoing bilateral lung transplantation was better than that of their counterparts after single lung transplantation. Subgroup analysis showed that grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD) (HR 4.577, 95%CI 1.439-14.555, P=0.010) and immunosuppressive drugs (HR 0.079, 95%CI 0.022-0.287, P<0.001) were associated with the survival of patients with early airway stenosis after lung transplantation. The overall survival of patients with early airway stenosis after lung transplantation without grade 3 PGD was better compared with that of those with grade 3 PGD. The overall survival of patients with early airway stenosis after lung transplantation treated with tacrolimus was superior to that of their counterparts treated with cyclosporine. Conclusions Long postoperative mechanical ventilation time, single lung transplantation, grade 3 PGD and use of cyclosporine may affect the survival of patients with airway stenosis after lung transplantation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of various oral Chinese patent medicines in the adjuvant treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome （CP/CPPS） based on network Meta-analysis. MethodRandomized controlled trials （RCTs） of oral Chinese patent medicine in the adjuvant treatment of CP/CPPS were retrieved from the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Cochrane Library， EMbase， and Web of Science from database inception to November， 2022. The quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool， and the data were analyzed by RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16 software. ResultA total of 63 RCTs were included， with 13 kinds of oral Chinese patent medicines involved， including Qianlie Shutong capsules， Ningmitai capsules， Qianlie Beixi capsules， Sanjin tablets， etc. The results of the network Meta-analysis showed that in terms of clinical effective rate， the intervention measure ranked first was Qianlie Beixi capsules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing pain， the intervention measure ranked first was Sanjin tablets combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing urination disorder， the intervention measure ranked first was Relinqing granules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of improving quality of life， the intervention measure ranked first was Qianlie Beixi capsules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing the total National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index （NIH-CPSI） score， the intervention measure ranked first was Yinhua Miyanling tablets combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing leukocyte count in prostatic secretions， the intervention measure ranked first was Qianlie Jiedu capsules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of safety， the intervention measure with the least adverse reactions was Qianlie Shutong capsules combined with conventional western medicine. The cluster analysis results showed that Qianlie Shutong capsules combined with conventional western medicine had outstanding efficacy and high safety. ConclusionOral Chinese patent medicine in the adjuvant treatment of CP/CPPS can improve the comprehensive efficacy， reduce the NIH-CPSI score and leukocyte count in prostatic secretions， and improve the quality of life of patients. For clinical treatment， the preferred choice is Qianlie Beixi capsules or Qianlie Shutong capsules combined with conventional western medicine. Limited by the quantity and quality of literature included in this study， the results need to be verified by high-quality studies with a larger sample size.

Objective: To analyse associated factors of campus bullying in schools, and to construct a nomogram model to predict the risk of campus bullying, so as to provide a theoretical basis for campus bullying prevention and control. Methods: In September 2023, 89 117 middle and high school students were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method within 12 cities (103 counties) in Inner Mongolia, and were surveyed with self administered questionnaire. Among them, there were 62 381 participants in the training set and 26 736 participants in the testing set. Statistical analysis was conducted using χ 2 test and multiple Logistic regression, and a nomogram model was drawn for predicting campus bullying. Results: The prevalence of campus bullying was 3.49%. Living in a suburban county, living in an unstable family, not the only child, having a father with a college degree or above, sometimes or never eating breakfast, being overweight or obese, living on campus, being scolded by parents in the past 30 days, smoking, Internet addiction, experiencing depression, anxiety symptoms, recreational soluble solvents use, cough medicine abuse, nonprescribed use of sedatives were all positively correlated with campus bullying ( OR =1.18, 1.40, 1.12, 1.33, 1.13, 1.72 , 1.12, 1.17, 1.82, 1.32, 1.83, 3.92, 2.40, 2.25, 1.51, 1.63, P <0.01).There were a negative correlation between high school students, female students, and the number of physical education classes per week (2-3, ≥4) with campus bullying ( OR =0.67, 0.58, 0.72, 0.83, P <0.01). The prediction model of campus bullying risk was established by nomogram model. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.82, and the calibration curve showed that the predicted value was close to the actual value. Conclusions Bullying among middle and high school students are related to family intimacy, poor daily behaviour and psychological factors. Targets of bullying intervention in schools should be identified, and preventive and control measures against bullying in secondary schools should be formulated, so as to reduce the occurrence of campus bullying.

Objectives:To evaluate the application of several comprehensive evaluation methods in the evaluation of scientific and technological impact of cardiovascular disease. Methods:According to the comprehensive evaluation system of global and China's scientific and technological influence and the weights,the standardized processing method,the extreme value processing method,the rank evaluation method,and the hierarchical multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation method were used to evaluate the scientific and technological influence in cardiovascular diseases from 2016 to 2021. Results:The results of the four evaluation methods were consistent.The results of the standardized processing method and the extreme value processing method were similar.The rank evaluation method has a high similarity with the hierarchical multi-dimensional index comprehensive evaluation method.The hierarchical multi-dimensional index comprehensive evaluation can better highlight the importance of high-quality scientific and technological achievements. Conclusions:The hierarchical multi-dimensional index comprehensive evaluation is a comprehensive evaluation process that integrates the hierarchical index system,the echelon evaluation rules and the rank evaluation method.It can highlight the high-quality scientific and technological achievements and respond to the orientation of the classified and multi-dimensional evaluation of scientific and technological achievements.It is operable and generalizable,and provides a certain reference for the comprehensive evaluation practice of domestic medical institutions.

Objective:To explore the early coagulation function changes of penetrating intestinal firearm injury of pig in high-altitude environments.Methods:Twenty healthy long white piglets were selected and divided into the plain group and the high-altitude group using the random number table method, with 10 pigs in each group. Pigs in the plain group were placed in a plain environment at an altitude of 800 meters, while pigs in the high-altitude group were placed in an experimental chamber simulating an altitude of 6 000 meters for 48 hours. Both groups received pistol gunshot to have firearm penetrating wounds to the abdominal intestinal tract and then returned to the plain observation room. At 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after injury, coagulation in the peripheral blood and fibrinolytic indexes [prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (Fbg), D-dimer (D-D), and fibrinogen degradation product (FDP)], thromboelastogram (TEG) [reaction time (R), clotting time (K), clot formation rate (α), maximum amplitude (MA) and coagulation composite index (CI) ], platelet parameters [platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR)] in the two groups were detected separately.Results:The PT values at 0 and 2 hours after injury in the high-altitude group were significantly lower than those in the plain group, while they were significantly higher at 8, 12 and 24 hours than those in the plain group ( P<0.01); there was no significant difference at 4 hours between the two groups ( P>0.05). The APTT values at 0, 2 and 4 hours after injury in the high-altitude group were significantly lower than those in the plain group, while they were significantly higher at 8, 12 and 24 hours after injury than those in the plain group ( P<0.01). The TT values at 0, 2 and 4 hours after the injury in the high-altitude group were significantly lower than those in the plain group, while they were significantly higher at 12 and 24 hours after injury than those in the plain group ( P<0.01); there was no significant difference at 8 hours after injury between the two groups ( P>0.05). The Fbg, D-D and FDP values at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after injury were higher in the high-altitude group than those in the plain group ( P<0.01). The R values at 0, 2 and 4 hours after injury in the high-altitude group were significantly lower than those in the plain group, while they were significantly higher at 8, 12 and 24 hours after injury than those in the plain group ( P<0.01). The K values at 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours after injury in the high-altitude group were significantly lower than those in the plain group, while they were significantly higher at 12 and 24 hours after injury than those in the plain group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). The α angles at 0, 2 and 4 hours after injury in the high-altitude group were significantly higher than those in the plain group, while they were significantly lower at 8, 12 and 24 hours after injury than those in the plain group ( P<0.01). The MA values at 0, 2 and 4 hours after the injury in the high-altitude group were significantly higher than those in the plain group, while they were significantly lower at 8, 12 and 24 hours after injury than those in the plain group ( P<0.01). The CI values at 0, 2 and 4 hours after injury in the high-altitude group were significantly higher than those in the plain group, while they were significantly lower at 8, 12 and 24 hours after injury than those in the plain group ( P<0.01). The PLT values at 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours after injury in the high-altitude group were significantly higher than those in the plain group, while they were significantly lower at 12 and 24 hours after injury than those in the plain group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). The MPV values at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after injury in the high-altitude group were significantly higher than those in the plain group ( P<0.01). The PDW values at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after injury in the high-altitude group were significantly higher than those in the plain group ( P<0.05 or 0.01), while there was no significant difference in PDW at 0 hour after injury between the two groups ( P>0.05). The P-LCR values at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after injury in the high-altitude group were all significantly higher than those in the plain group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Compared with the plain environments, pig intestinal firearm penetrating injury in the high-altitude environments is more prone to early hypercoagulable state accompanied by mild hyperfibrinolysis, and faster to reach a hypocoagulable state accompanied by obvious hyperfibrinolysis.

ObjectiveTo observe the effectiveness and safety of the Chinese herbal medicine Mingshi Granules （明视方颗粒） for low myopia in children with heart yang insufficiency. MethodsA multicentre， prospective， double-blind randomised controlled study was conducted， in which 290 children with low myopia from 8 centres were randomly divided into 145 cases in the treatment group and 145 cases in the control group， and the treatment group was given education， dispensing glasses， and Chinese herbal medicine Mingshi Granules， while the control group was given education， dispensing glasses， and granules placebo. Both Mingshi Granules and placebo granules were taken orally， 1 bag each time， twice daily， 4 weeks of oral intake and 2 weeks of rest as 1 course of treatment， a total of 4 courses of treatment （24 weeks）. Equivalent spherical lenses， best naked-eye distance visual acuity， ocular axis， corneal curvature K1， adjustment amplitude， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom scores， calculate the amount of progression of equivalent spherical lenses， were observed at the 12th and the 24th week of treatment， at the 36th week and 48th week of follow-up， resectively， the control rate of myopia progression was evaluated at the 24th week， and safety indexes were observed before treatment. ResultsThe amount of progression of equivalent spherical lenses was lower in the treatment group than in the control group at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. The control rate of myopia progression at 24 weeks after treatment in the treatment group was higher （57.60%， 72/125） than that in the control group （44.63%， 54/121） （P＜0.05）. The best naked-eye distance visual acuity at 36-week follow-up in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. Equivalent spherical lenses were significantly lower in both groups at all observation time points compared with pre-treatment （P＜0.05）， and were higher in the treatment group than in the control group at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. The ocular axes of both groups were significantly higher at each observation time point after treatment and at follow-up compared with before treatment （P＜0.05）. The amount of eye axis growth in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group at 24 weeks after treatment and at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. Corneal curvature K1 was significantly lower in the treatment group at the 24th week of treatment compared to pre-treatment （P＜0.05）. The magnitude of adjustment in the treatment group was significantly higher at the 36-week follow-up and at the 48-week follow-up than before treatment （P＜0.05）. The scores of white/dark complexion， white coating thin pulse， fatigue and total TCM symptom scores of children in both groups at the 12th， 24th， 36th and 48th weeks of follow-up were significantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05）； the scores of blurred vision at the 24th and 36th weeks of follow-up were significantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05）； and the scores of blurred vision in the treatment group at the 48th week of follow-up were signi-ficantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05）. In the treatment group， the score of fatigue was higher than that of the control group at the 36-week follow-up， and the score of blurred vision was lower than that of the control group at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. No adverse reactions or obvious abnormalities of the safety indexes were observed of the two groups during the treatment. ConclusionChinese herbal medicine Mingshi Granules showed the effect of controlling the progression of low myopia， improving the best naked eye distance visual acuity， slowing down the growth of the eye axis， improving some of the TCM symptoms， with good safety.

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that nicotine can activate the dopamine system,slowing the progression of Parkinson's disease,but the specific mechanism is still unclear.Research on the neuroprotective mechanism of nicotine in animal models of Parkinson's disease is lacking. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of nicotine on rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in mice. METHODS:Twenty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into vehicle group,rotenone group,autophagy agonist group and nicotine group,with seven mice in each group.Dopaminergic nerve damage was induced by rotenone in C57BL/6 mice,and the autophagy agonist(rapamycin)or nicotine was given before modeling.The spatial exploration function of the mice was observed by open field test.Western blot and Q-PCR were used to detect the expression of α-synuclein,autophagy related factors Beclin-1 and P62,and apoptosis-related factors Bax,Bcl-2 and Cleaved-caspase3 in the nigra of each group.The deposition of mitochondria,autophagosomes and lipofuscin in nigra cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The survival of neurons was observed by Nissl staining.The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was observed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The open field test showed that the distance,average speed and time of movement were reduced in the rotenone group compared with the solvent group.Compared with the rotenone group,the exercise distance,average speed and exercise time of mice were increased in the nicotine group and autophagy agonist group(P＜0.05).The results of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed that the mean fluorescence intensity and mean absorbance value of tyrosine hydroxylase in the rotenone group decreased compared with that in the solvent group.Compared with the rotenone group,the mean fluorescence intensity and mean absorbance value of tyrosine hydroxylase were increased in the nicotine group and autophagy agonist group.Western blot and Q-PCR results showed that compared with the solvent group,the expressions of α-synuclein and P62 in the rotenone group were increased,while Beclin-1 expression was decreased(P＜0.05);compared with the rotenone group,the expression of α-synuclein and P62 decreased in the nicotine group and autophagy agonist group,and the expression of Beclin-1 increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the solvent group,the expressions of Bax and Cleaved caspase3 were increased and Bcl-2 expression was decreased in the rotenone group(P＜0.05);compared with the rothenone group,the expressions of Bax and Cleaved-caspase3 were decreased and the expression of Bcl-2 was increased in the nicotine and autophagy agonist groups(P＜0.05).To conclude,nicotine may have a dopaminergic neuroprotective effect on rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease mouse models by improving autophagy dysfunction and reducing apoptosis.

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) possess a rich historical background, unique theoretical framework, remarkable therapeutic efficacy, and abundant resources. However, the modernization and internationalization of TCMs have faced significant obstacles due to their diverse ingredients and unknown mechanisms. To gain deeper insights into the phytochemicals and ensure the quality control of TCMs, there is an urgent need to enhance analytical techniques. Currently, two-dimensional (2D) chromatography, which incorporates two independent separation mechanisms, demonstrates superior separation capabilities compared to the traditional one-dimensional (1D) separation system when analyzing TCMs samples. Over the past decade, new techniques have been continuously developed to gain actionable insights from complex samples. This review presents the recent advancements in the application of multidimensional chromatography for the quality evaluation of TCMs, encompassing 2D-gas chromatography (GC), 2D-liquid chromatography (LC), as well as emerging three-dimensional (3D)-GC, 3D-LC, and their associated data-processing approaches. These studies highlight the promising potential of multidimensional chromatographic separation for future phytochemical analysis. Nevertheless, the increased separation capability has resulted in higher-order data sets and greater demands for data-processing tools. Considering that multidimensional chromatography is still a relatively nascent research field, further hardware enhancements and the implementation of chemometric methods are necessary to foster its robust development.