A novel technology is proposed for non-contact and real-time detection of atrial fibrillation using millimeter-wave radar.A 60 GHz PCR millimeter wave radar is used to continuously detect the chest echo signal of the subject.After signal acquisition,I-Q signal is generated through I-Q demodulation,and the signal phase information is extracted using effective points phase trend evaluation for obtaining the signals from oscillations in the chest wall,from which the respiratory signals and cardiac signals are extracted through digital filtering for the analysis of cardiac movement.Whether the atrial fibrillation occurs or not is determined by the characteristics of atrial fibrillation wave in the time domain.The effective points phase trend evaluation for extracting more accurate signal phase information and the time-domain method for real-time atrial fibrillation detection are the innovations of the study.The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a detection accuracy of 99.2%in clinic.

ObjectiveTo investigate the objective characteristics of tongue manifestations in patients with coronary heart disease （CHD）. MethodsA total of 315 participants with CHD were recruited in the CHD group， and 211 healthy participants who underwent physical examination were recruited as the healthy control group. In addition， according to the common comorbidities （primary hypertension， carotid atherosclerosis， type 2 diabetes mellitus， fatty liver， hyperlipidaemia， heart failure， and cerebral infarction） in 315 participants with CHD， each comorbidity was classified into a group of comorbidities with that disease and a group of non-comorbidities. Tongue images were captured using a TFDA-1 tongue diagnostic instrument to characterise the tongue body （TB） and tongue coating （TC）， comparing the RGB， HIS， and Lab colour spaces in the chromaticity index （R， red； G， green； B， blue； H， hue； I， intensity； S， saturation； L， lightness； a， red-green axis； b， yellow-blue axis）， the tongue coating thickness index （per-All）， contrast （CON）， angular second moment （ASM）， entropy （ENT）， and mean （MEAN） in texture metrics. ResultsCompared with the healthy control group， the characteristic indexes of tongue body in CHD group showed lower TB-R， TB-G， TB-B， TB-I， TB-L and higher TB-H， TB-b； and the characteristic indexes of tongue coating in CHD group showed lower TC-R， TC-B and higher TC-CON， TC-MEAN， TC-H， TC-b （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with non-combined primary hypertension group， CHD combined primary hypertension group showed higher per-All， TB-G， TB-L， and lower TB-a， TC-a （P＜0.05）； compared with the non-combined carotid atherosclerosis group， CHD combined carotid atherosclerosis group showed higher TB-CON， TB-ENT， TB-MEAN， and lower TB-ASM （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； compared with the non-combined type 2 diabetes mellitus group， CHD combined type 2 diabetes mellitus group showed lower per-All and higher TB-H （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； compared with the non-combined fatty liver group， CHD combined fatty liver group showed higher TB-CON， TB-MEAN， TB-ENT， and lower TB-ASM and TC-S （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； compared with the non-combined hyperlipidaemia group， CHD combined hyperlipidaemia group showed lower TB-S and TB-a （P＜0.05）； compared with non-combined heart failure group， CHD combined heart failure group showed lower TB-R， TB-G， TB-I， TB-L， and higher TB-a （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； compared with non-combined cerebral infarction group， CHD combined cerebral infarction group showed higher TC-CON， TC-ENT， TC-MEAN， and lower TC-ASM （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionCompared to healthy individuals， patients with CHD tend to have darker tongue colours and rougher TC textures. Compared with non-comorbidity participants， those with primary hypertension tended to be lighter tongue colour and thicker tongue coating， those with carotid atherosclerosis had paler tongue body， those with type 2 diabetes mellitus had thinner tongue coating， those with fatty liver disease had paler tongue body and whiter tongue colour， those with hyperlipidaemia and heart failure had paler tongue colour， and those with cerebral infarction had rougher tongue texture.

This study explored the feasibility of mineral element content and ratios of nitrogen isotopes to discriminate the cultivation mode of Dendrobium nobile in order to provide theoretical support for the discrimination of the cultivation mode of D. nobile. The content of 11 mineral elements(N, K, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B) and nitrogen isotope ratios in D. nobile and its substrate samples in three cultivation methods(greenhouse cultivation, tree-attached cultivation, and stone-attached cultivation) were determined. According to the analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and stepwise discriminant analysis, the samples of different cultivation types were classified. The results showed that the nitrogen isotope ratios and the content of elements except for Zn were significantly different among different cultivation types of D. nobile(P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that the nitrogen isotope ratios, mineral element content, and effective component content in D. nobile were correlated with the nitrogen isotope ratio and mineral element content in the corresponding substrate samples to varying degrees. Principal component analysis can preliminarily classify the samples of D. nobile, but some samples overlapped. Through stepwise discriminant analysis, six indicators, including δ~(15)N, K, Cu, P, Na, and Ca, were screened out, which could be used to establish the discriminant model of D. nobile cultivation methods, and the overall correct discrimination rates after back-substitution test, cross-check, and external validation were all 100%. Therefore, nitrogen isotope ratios and mineral element fingerprints combined with multivariate statistical analysis could effectively discriminate the cultivation types of D. nobile. The results of this study provide a new method for the identification of the cultivation type and production area of D. nobile and an experimental basis for the quality evaluation and quality control of D. nobile.
Dendrobium ; Minerals ; Discriminant Analysis ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nitrogen Isotopes

Objective     To compare the perioperative outcomes of atypical segmentectomy between robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) and conventional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods    The data of patients who underwent minimally invasive anatomic atypical segmentectomy in our hospital from October 2016 to December 2021 were collected. These patients were divided into a RATS group and a VATS group according to the operation method. Propensity score (PS) matching was used to select patients with close clinical baseline characteristics, and the perioperative results of the two groups were compared. Results    A total of 1 048 patients were enrolled, including 320 males and 728 females, with a mean age of 53.51±11.13 years. There were 277 patients in the RATS group and 771 patients in the VATS group. After 1∶1 PS matching, 277 pairs were selected. Both groups were well balanced for age, sex, smoking history, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, pulmonary function, tumor size, tumor location, and histological type. All patients were R0 resection, and there were no deaths within 30 days after surgery. The RATS group had shorter operative time [85 (75, 105) min vs. 115 (95, 140) min, P<0.001] and less blood loss [50 (30, 100) mL vs. 60 (50, 100) mL, P=0.001]. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in lymph node resection, conversion to thoracotomy, thoracic drainage time, total amount of thoracic drainage or postoperative complications (P>0.05). Conclusion    Both RATS and VATS atypical segment-ectomies are safe and feasible for early-stage NSCLC. RATS can effectively shorten the operative time, and reduce blood loss.

Objective:To compare the therapeutic effects of percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopic lithotripsy (PTCSL) and traditional open hepatectomy (OH) on regional hepatolithiasis with biliary cirrhosis.Methods:From January 2020 to August 2022, 110 cases of regional hepatolithiasis complicated with biliary cirrhosis treated in the hepatology department of Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital were retrospectively collected. According to the surgical methods of treating hepatolithiasis, the patients were divided into minimally invasive group and laparotomy group. The minimally invasive group received PTCSL, and the laparotomy group received OH. The clinical data of the two groups were compared and analyzed, and the postoperative exhaust time, gastrointestinal function recovery time, operation time and intraoperative bleeding volume were observed. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) before and after operation were compared between the two groups. The incidence of complications and stone removal rate of the two groups were recorded.Results:The postoperative exhaust time (11.12±2.09)h, gastrointestinal function recovery time (25.76±4.28)h, operation time (108.51±16.19)h, intraoperative blood loss (20.16±3.59)ml and postoperative exhaust time (29.35±4.83)h and gastrointestinal function recovery time in the minimally invasive group were less than those in the laparotomy group (36.91±6.35)h, operation time (116.27±21.54)h and intraoperative blood loss (38.03±6.22)ml (all P<0.05). The levels of ALT (77.82±16.25)U/L, GGT (248.16±24.83)U/L and AST (65.42±16.82)U/L in the minimally invasive group after operation were lower than those in the laparotomy group [ALT (102.37±25.64)U/L, GGT (345.45±32.60)U/L and AST (96.30±22.17)U/L] (all P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications was 7.27%(4/55) in the minimally invasive group and that in the laparotomy group was 29.09%(16/55), with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The stone removal rate was 61.82%(34/55) in the minimally invasive group and 92.73%(51/55) in the laparotomy group, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:PTCSL and OH are effective in the treatment of regional hepatolithiasis complicated with biliary cirrhosis. The traditional OH has a high stone removal rate, and PTCSL has little influence on liver function, small complication rate and fast postoperative recovery.

Objective:To explore the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of biliary hemorrhage after percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopic lithotomy(PTCSL).Methods:Retrospective summary and analysis were made on 48 cases of PTCSL completed by the hepatobiliary surgery department of Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) from January 2016 to December 2020.Results:Biliary hemorrhage occurred in 3 cases after operation, of which 1 case was considered to have a small amount of biliary mucosa bleeding, and the bleeding was stopped after blood transfusion, hemostatic agents and appropriate fluid rehydration. In the other case, a small amount of blood oozing around the T-tube sinus canal was accompanied by a small amount of bloody fluid in the T-tube, which was considered to cause arterioles or venules accompanied by bile duct bleeding during sinus expansion during operation, and the bleeding stopped after compression. Another patient underwent a short time drainage of hemorrhagic fluid ≥100 ml in T tube 15 days after operation, and was prepared for interventional therapy while receiving blood transfusion products and conservative treatment. Celiac arteriography was performed, and pseudoaneurysm was found in the right anterior lobe of the liver. Embolization was performed later and the patient discharged 10 days after embolization.Conclusions:Biliary hemorrhage is one of the more common complications after PTCSL. Increasing the understanding of this complication provides a guarantee for the safety of surgery and has clinical significance for patients with accelerated postoperative recovery.

Whether direct manipulation of Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk genes in the adult monkey brain can elicit a Parkinsonian phenotype remains an unsolved issue. Here, we used an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 system to directly co-edit PINK1 and DJ-1 genes in the substantia nigras (SNs) of two monkey groups: an old group and a middle-aged group. After the operation, the old group exhibited all the classic PD symptoms, including bradykinesia, tremor, and postural instability, accompanied by key pathological hallmarks of PD, such as severe nigral dopaminergic neuron loss (>64%) and evident α-synuclein pathology in the gene-edited SN. In contrast, the phenotype of their middle-aged counterparts, which also showed clear PD symptoms and pathological hallmarks, were less severe. In addition to the higher final total PD scores and more severe pathological changes, the old group were also more susceptible to gene editing by showing a faster process of PD progression. These results suggested that both genetic and aging factors played important roles in the development of PD in the monkeys. Taken together, this system can effectively develop a large number of genetically-edited PD monkeys in a short time (6–10 months), and thus provides a practical transgenic monkey model for future PD studies.

Objective:To explore the application of ureteroscope combined with holmium laser in patients with hepatolithiasis complicated with biliary cirrhosis.Methods:The clinical data of 89 patients with hepatolithiasis complicated with biliary cirrhosis treated in the hepatobiliary department of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from February 2014 to December 2019 were collected and divided into two groups: group A was routine operation group and group B was ureteroscopy and holmium laser technology group. The clinical data of the two groups were compared and analyzed respectively.Results:The operation time in group B was less than that in group A [ (302.6±96.7)min vs (349.2±105.6)min, P<0.05], with statistically significant difference; The amount of intraoperative bleeding in group B was less than that in group A [(227.0±197.3)ml vs (331.4 ± 277.3)ml, P<0.05], with statistically significant difference; The postoperative hospital stay in group B was shorter than that in group A[(11.5±4.1)d vs (13.8±5.1)d, P<0.05], with statistically significant difference; The incidence of postoperative complications in group B was lower than that in group A (2.44% vs 18.75%, P<0.05), with statistically significant difference. The liver resection rate in group B was lower than that in group A (29.27% vs 52.08%, P<0.05). Conclusions:Through the establishment of a reasonable access to the liver, the application of ureteroscope and holmium laser technology in patients with hepatolithiasis complicated with biliary cirrhosis can achieve better diagnosis and treatment results, and this technology can be gradually promoted and applied in the clinic.

Whether direct manipulation of Parkinson's disease (PD) risk genes in the adult monkey brain can elicit a Parkinsonian phenotype remains an unsolved issue. Here, we used an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 system to directly co-edit PINK1 and DJ-1 genes in the substantia nigras (SNs) of two monkey groups: an old group and a middle-aged group. After the operation, the old group exhibited all the classic PD symptoms, including bradykinesia, tremor, and postural instability, accompanied by key pathological hallmarks of PD, such as severe nigral dopaminergic neuron loss (>64%) and evident α-synuclein pathology in the gene-edited SN. In contrast, the phenotype of their middle-aged counterparts, which also showed clear PD symptoms and pathological hallmarks, were less severe. In addition to the higher final total PD scores and more severe pathological changes, the old group were also more susceptible to gene editing by showing a faster process of PD progression. These results suggested that both genetic and aging factors played important roles in the development of PD in the monkeys. Taken together, this system can effectively develop a large number of genetically-edited PD monkeys in a short time (6-10 months), and thus provides a practical transgenic monkey model for future PD studies.
Animals ; Brain ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; Dependovirus/genetics* ; Haplorhini ; Phenotype ; Protein Kinases/genetics*

Polymer hydrophilic lubricating coatings for medical catheters refer to highly hydrophilic coating films fixed on the surface of catheters with binding force, which can reduce the surface friction with human tissues during the use of interventional catheters, improve the patient comfort of and effectively reduce the incidence of infection. Based on the development process of medical catheter coating, this review summarizes recent advances in the field of polymer hydrophilic lubricating coatings for medical catheters from types of hydrophilic coating polymer, development of coating technology and establishment of coating performance evaluation method. Main problems in this field are analyzed and development trends in the future are prospected.
Catheters ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Polymers