BACKGROUND:Collagen is a biomedical material with good biocompatibility,low toxicity,low immunoactivity,and high cellular affinity.However,the defects such as hydrophilicity and poor thermal stability are the key technical problems that need to be solved urgently in biomedical,tissue engineering,and other applications. OBJECTIVE:To elaborate on the preparation method,characterization,and application progress of acylated collagen. METHODS:PubMed,X-mol,and CNKI databases were used to search the literature on acylated collagen preparation methods,characterization,and application.The search time was from January 1992 to May 2023.The English search terms were"acylated collagen,modified collagen,water-soluble collagen,acetic anhydride".Chinese search terms were"acylated collagen,modified collagen,water-soluble collagen".After an initial screening of all articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,53 articles with high relevance were retained for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The preparation of acylated collagen is mainly obtained by the acylation reaction of acid anhydride,and the reaction sites are mainly ε-amino and N-terminus-amino of collagen,and the reaction environment of acylation reaction needs to be carried out in an alkaline environment.(2)Succinic anhydride is the preferred reactant of acylated collagen.Carbonic anhydride,citric anhydride,and bifunctional modifiers with acylation ability have been excavated in recent years to meet various requirements,but it is still limited to laboratory preparation;complex preparation process is difficult to industrialize,and follow-up research is needed to continuously improve.(3)The characterization methods of acylated collagen are similar to those of collagen,but there is still a lack of standards for the water-soluble characterization of acylated collagen.(4)In recent years,acylated collagen has been gradually used in the preparation of lenses,hydrogels,and dressings,as well as cosmetic raw materials.However,there is still little research on the application of acylated collagen,and there is a lack of complete in vivo experiments to verify the practicality of acylated collagen.

BACKGROUND:Exosomes play a role in all stages of wound repair,and there is currently a large body of research on exosomes in skin wound repair,which has been shown to have great potential for clinical applications. OBJECTIVE:To summarize and discuss the main mechanisms and clinical applications of exosomes in the treatment of skin wounds,in order to promote the clinical translation of exosomes. METHODS:PubMed,clinicaltrials.gov,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Food and Drug Administration database,and Chinese Clinical Trial Register were searched from inception to March 2023.The English search terms were"exosomes,wound healing,stem cells,chronic wound,immunoregulation,inflammation,skin,therapeutic use,isolation,characterization,infections".The Chinese search terms were"exosomes,wound healing,stem cells,immunomodulation,clinical applications".A total of 79 articles were included for the summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Exosomes can improve and accelerate wound healing through inflammation regulation,immune protection,angiogenesis,cell proliferation and migration,and collagen remodeling.(2)Exosomes derived from stem cells have mature preparation techniques and related mechanism research,which is currently the mainstream research direction.Non-stem cell-derived exosomes have the advantages of convenience,economy,and easy production,and can be used as a supplement for clinical applications.(3)The clinical application of exosomes is still in its infancy,but has great potential for application.Various exosome modification techniques have laid the foundation for the future development of clinically personalized services and require further research.(4)The clinical translation of exosomes faces many challenges,such as low yield,high heterogeneity,lack of unified standards for isolation,purification,and quality control,and difficulties in storage.

Six new ent-abietane diterpenoids, abientaphlogatones A-F (1-6), along with two undescribed ent-abietane diterpenoid glucosides, abientaphlogasides A-B (7-8) and four known analogs were isolated from the aerial parts ofPhlogacanthus curviflorus (P. curviflorus). The structures of these compounds were determined using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and quantum chemical calculations. Notably, compounds 5 and 6 represented the first reported instances of ent-norabietane diterpenoids from the genus Phlogacanthus. In the β-hematin formation inhibition assay, compounds 2, 4, 7-10, and 12 displayed antimalarial activity, with IC₅₀ values of 12.97-65.01 μmol·L^-1. Furthermore, compounds 4, 5, 8, and 10 demonstrated neuroprotective activity in PC12 cell injury models induced by H₂O₂ and MPP⁺.
Abietanes/pharmacology* ; Antimalarials ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Biological Assay ; Plant Components, Aerial

In order to construct a recombinant replication deficient human type 5 adenovirus (Ad5) expressing a foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid protein, specific primers for P12A and 3B3C genes of FMDV-OZK93 were synthesized. The P12A and 3B3C genes were then amplified and connected by fusion PCR, and a recombinant shuttle plasmid pDC316-mCMV-EGFP-P12A3B3C expressing the FMDV-OZK93 capsid protein precursor P12A and 3B3C protease were obtained by inserting the P12A3B3C gene into the pDC316-mCMV-EGFP plasmid. The recombinant adenovirus rAdv-P12A3B3C-OZK93 was subsequently packaged, characterized and amplified using AdMax^TM adenovirus packaging system, and the expression was verified by infecting human embryonic kidney cell HEK-293. The humoral and cellular immunity levels of well-expressed and purified recombinant adenovirus immunized mice were evaluated. The results showed that rAdv-P12A3B3C-OZK93 could be stably passaged and the maximum virus titer reached 1×10^9.1 TCID₅₀/mL. Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence showed that rAdv-P12A3B3C-OZK93 expressed the FMDV-specific proteins P12A and VP1 in HEK-293 cells. In addition, the PK cell infection experiment confirmed that rAdv-P12A3B3C-OZK93 could infect porcine cells, which is essential for vaccination in pigs. Comparing with the inactivated vaccine group, the recombinant adenovirus could induce higher FMDV-specific IgG antibodies, γ-IFN and IL-10. This indicates that the recombinant adenovirus has good immunity for animal, which is very important for the subsequent development of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.
Adenoviridae/genetics* ; Adenoviruses, Human/genetics* ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; Capsid/metabolism* ; Capsid Proteins ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/prevention & control* ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics* ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics* ; Serogroup ; Swine ; Viral Proteins ; Viral Vaccines/genetics*

Objective:To explore the sex-based heterogeneity in demographic and pathological trends of lung cancer during the past 30 years.Methods:Patients with primary lung cancer who received surgical treatment in the Department of thoracic surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Tongji University from 1989 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The differences between male and female patients in age, smoking history, pathological stage and type were compared. Mann- Kendall trend test was performed for trend analysis. Results:A total of 58 433 patients were included in this study, encompassing 30 729(52.6%) men and 27 , 704(47.4%) women. Compared with male patients, female patients were younger(56.0 years old vs. 59.7 years old), and had a higher proportion of non-smokers(98.3% vs. 52.3%), stage Ⅰ lung cancers(60.6% vs. 49.3%), and adenocarcinoma(93.7% vs. 56.1%, all P-values <0.001). Trend analyses revealed that the proportion of female patients increased year by year, and surpassed males in 2015, with the current ratio of male to female being 1∶1.5. After 2013, the age of onset in females was getting younger, and the average age decreased from 58.7 years old to 54.7 years old( P=0.02). The decrease in the proportion of smoking patients was mainly reflected by male patients(from 68.5% to 31.1%, P<0.01). Stage Ⅰ lung cancers in male and females outnumbered advanced stage in 2012 and 2010, respectively, with a much higher proportion in female patients. Among male patients, adenocarcinoma has replaced squamous cell carcinoma as the most common pathological type since 2012, while in female patients adenocarcinoma remained the most common pathological type of lung cancer, and its proportion continued to increase reaching over 98%. Conclusion:A dramatic change in gender distribution was noticed during the past 30 years. Female patients became the primary population in surgically-treated lung cancers, with a trend of getting younger. The proportion of smokers and squamous cell carcinoma decreased significantly in male patients, and adenocarcinoma has become the most common pathological type of lung cancer. The proportion of stage Ⅰ lung cancers was on a dramatic rise, with the popularization of CT screening for lung cancer.

Objective:To study the treatment and outcomes of hepatic biloma after minimally invasive interventional therapies.Methods:From January 2013 to December 2018, patients who underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, percutaneous microwave ablation, and percutaneous biliary drainage (PTBD) at the Affiliated Hospital to Jiangnan University (Wuxi No.3 Hospital) and developed postoperative biloma that required treatment were included into this study.Results:Of 43 bilomas, 14 were treated with percutaneous drainage. There were 9 males and 5 females, with an average age of 61(29-85) years. These bilomas could be classified into the following 3 types: extrahepatic bilomas (2 patients), simple bilomas (10 patients) and infected bilomas (2 patients). The treatments included PTBD, drainage of percutaneous biloma or a combination of both.Conclusion:Biloma is a known complication after minimally invasive interventional therapies. These bilomas could be classified to guide treatment and to improve prognosis.

Objective To explore the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in evaluating the severity and prognosis of patients with brain stem injury. Methods A total of 45 patients with brain injury (the study group)and 10 healthy people(the control group)were retrospectively analyzed in Affiliated Anqing Hospital,Anhui Medical University during March 2015 to October 2016 using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The NAA/Cr,NAA/Cho and Cho/Cr value in brain stem were analyzed. The clinical severity score (GCS) and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS)were also analyzed in our study. Results Compared with the normal group,patients in the study group had lower NAA level, NAA/Cho value but higher Cho/Cr value (P < 0.05). The severer the injury, the more obvious in NAA peak decrease. Cho peak increased and NAA/Cho ratio decreased. NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr values in the group with good prognosis were similar to those in the normal control group, but significantly different to the group with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho and Cho/Cr values correlates with GOS in patients with brain stem injury. Conclusions Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to measure the metabolic status of patients with brain stem injury,which is of great significance in the evaluation the severity of brain stem injury and prognosis.

Objective To study the effect different concentrations of HDAC6 inhibitor tubacin on the proliferation,morphology and membrane surface ultrastructure of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Methods Primary BMSCs were cultured.The P4 generation cells were taken for conducting the experiment.The different concentrations of tubacin were used to treat the cells fro 24 h.The cells survival rate was detected by MTT assay.The atomic force microscopy(AFM) was applied to observe the cellular morphology and surface ultramicrostructure and detect the mechanical property in different groups.Results The MTT results showed that low concentration of tubacin had the effect for promoting BMSC proliferation;the AFM results showed that compared with the control group,the height and width of BMSCs after treating by low concentration of tubacin,the membrane surface roughness was decreased and cellular hardness was increased.Conclusion Low concentration of tubacin can promote the BMSC proliferation,causes the changes of morphology and membrane surface ultramicrostructure,enhances the mechanical property and increases the cell implantation treatment efficiency.

Objective:To study the transdermal characteristics of myrrh essential oil and its percutaneous penetration enhancement for ibuprofen. Methods:The content of ibuprofen was determined by HPLC. Ibuprofen was used as the model drug and mouse skin was used as the permeation barrier in vitro. The transdermal properties of myrrh essential oil and its effect on percutaneous absorption of ibuprofen were investigated using Franz diffusion cells. Results:Without myrrh essential oil or with 1%, 2% and 3% myrrh essential oil, the cumulative transdermal penetration amount in 12h of ibuprofen in vitro was (0. 427 05 ± 0. 069 82), (0. 315 04 ± 0. 032 24), (0.230 50 ±0.031 14) and (0.181 34 ±0.053 70) mg·cm-2, with Jss of(0.031 4 ±0.005 7), (0.020 8 ±0.002 8), (0.017 2 ±0.001 6) and (0.013 9 ±0.003 4) mg·(cm2·h) -1, respectively. Conclusion: Myrrh essential oil shows no transdermal en-hancement for ibuprofen in vitro, to the contrary, it shows inhibitory effect with positive correlation to the concentration.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of serum tumor markers ,which are carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) ,car-bohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) ,carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) and cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA21-1) ,in early diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal carcinoma .Methods :From January 2012 to June 2013 ,60 patients with laryngeal carcino-ma (case group) were selected ,and 60 corresponding participants in physical examination were also enrolled as healthy controls in this study .The serum contents of CEA ,CA19-9 ,CA72-4 and CYFRA21-1 were measured before and after operation in the two groups .The differences of sensitivity and specificity in detection of laryngeal carcinoma were compared between individual and combined detection of targeted indicators .Results:The serum levels of CEA ,CA19-9 ,CA72-4 and CYFRA21-1 were significantly higher in the study group than those in the control group (P<0 .01) .The serum levels of CEA ,CA19-9 ,CA72-4 and CYFRA21-1 of the study group were significantly higher in pre-operation than those in post-operation ,and the differ-ences were statistically significant (P<0 .01) ,among which CA19-9 showed the highest sensitivity (60 .00% ) ,while CA19-9 and CA72-4 showed the highest specificity (both were 100% ) .ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of CA19-9 was 0 .987 ,which is significantly higher than those of CEA ,CA72-4 and CYFRA21-1 .The sensitivity of combined de-tection was significantly higher than individual test ,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusions :Detection of serum CEA ,CA19-9 ,CA72-4 and CYFRA21-1 levels can be applied to early diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma . Combined detection can significantly improve the sensitivity in diagnosis meanwhile maintain the superior specificity .